BASKETBOLDA KOŞU MESAFESİ VE TEKNİK PARAMETRELERİN İLİŞKİSİ

Öz

Basketbol, dünyanın en çok katılımcıya sahip spor branşlarından birisidir. Basketbolun gelişen ve süreklilik arz eden yapısı, literatürde birçok araştırmacı tarafından farklı boyutlarıyla ele alınmıştır. Basketbolda müsabaka ve performans analizi literatürde hızla gelişmekte olan bir konu başlığıdır. Basketbol, iyi aerobik ve anaerobik kapasite gerektiren bir branş olmakla birlikte teknik ve taktik kapasitenin devamlı olarak sergilendiği bir spordur. Basketbolcular, müsabaka süresince farklı fiziksel ve fizyolojik talepleri karşılamak ve müsabakanın gereği olan teknik becerileri uygulamaktadırlar. Bu araştırmada, 2020-2021 Amerikan Ulusal Basketbol Ligi (NBA) normal sezonunda mücadele eden oyuncuların müsabaka esnasındaki kat ettikleri ortalama mesafe, hücum ve savunmada kat ettikleri ortalama mesafe ve müsabakadaki ortalama hız değerleri ile ortalama sayı, atış yüzdesi, üç sayılık atış yüzdesi, serbest atış yüzdesi ve top kaybı istatistik kategorileri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamındaki oyuncuların müsabaka sırasında kat ettikleri mesafenin yanı sıra hücum ve savunmada kat ettikleri mesafe ve müsabakadaki ortalama hızları ile oyun içi istatistikleri NBA resmi istatistik platformu www.nba.com/stats internet sitesinden elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada 123 oyuncuya ait istatistiksel veriler arasındaki ilişki Spearman korelasyon testi uygulanarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalarda, müsabaka içinde kat edilen mesafenin artmasıyla sayı ve şut yüzdesi rakamlarının azaldığı saptanmıştır. Hücumda kat edilen mesafe ile üç sayılık atış ve serbest atış yüzdeleri pozitif bir korelasyon gösterirken müsabaka esnasındaki hızın artmasının top kaybı rakamlarını arttırabileceği saptanmıştır. NBA’de müsabakanın getirmiş olduğu yorgunluk ile birlikte atılan sayı ve şut yüzdesi azalmakta; hücumda kat edilen mesafenin artması ise üç sayı ve serbest atış yüzdelerini arttırmaktadır. Gelecekteki araştırmalarda basketbolcuların fizyolojik kapasiteleri ile sezon istatistikleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Atış yüzdesi
• basketbol
• koşu mesafesi
• yorgunluk

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISTANCE COVERED AND TECHNICAL PARAMETERS IN BASKETBALL

Öz

Basketball is one of the sports with the highest number of participants in the world. The developing and continuous structure of basketball has been discussed in different dimensions by many researchers in the literature. Game and performance analysis in basketball is a rapidly developing topic in the literature. Although basketball is a sport that requires a good aerobic and anaerobic capacity, it is a sport in which technical and tactical capacity is constantly displayed. Basketball players apply the technical skills required by the competition to meet different physical and physiological demands during the competition. This research aimed to examine the relation between average distance covered, average distance covered in offense and defense, average speed in the game, average points, shooting percentage, three-point shooting percentage, free throw percentage and turnover statistics of 123 players in the 2020-2021 NBA regular season. Data in this study analyzed by applying Spearman correlation test. It has been determined that the points and shot percentages decreases with the increase in the distance covered in the competition. While the distance covered in offense and the three-point and free throw percentages showed a positive correlation, it was determined that increasing the speed during the match could increase the turnovers. It can be said that while the fatigue caused by the competition in the NBA negatively affects the number of points and shot percentage, being active in offense increases the percentages of three points and free throws. Future research, can aim to examine the relationship between the physiological capacities of basketball players and season-long statistics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Shooting percentage
• basketball
• running distance
• fatigue

Kaynakça

1. Abdelkrim, N. B., El Fazaa, S., El Ati, J. (2007). Time–motion analysis and physiological data of elite under-19-year-old basketball players during competition. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(2), 69-75.
2. Aksen-Cengizhan, P., Mehmet, G., Erikoğlu-Örer, G., Doğan, A. A. (2017). Basketbolda farklı gruplama yöntemleriyle oynanan dar alan oyunlarının egzersiz şiddetlerinin karşılaştırılması. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 145-154.
3. Amerikan Ulusal Basketbol Federasyonu resmi istatistik sitesi (NBA), Elde Edilme Tarihi: 17 Mayıs 2021, https://www.nba.com/stats/
4. Angel Gomez, M., Lorenzo, A., Sampaio, J., Jose Ibanez, S., Ortega, E. (2008). Game-related statistics that discriminated winning and losing teams from the Spanish men’s professional basketball teams. Collegium Antropologicum, 32(2), 451-456.
5. Barfield, J., Johnson, R. J., Russo, P., Cobler, D. C. (2007). Reliability and validity of the performance index evaluation among men's and women's college basketball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning research, 21(2), 643.
6. Blanchard, K. (1995). The anthropology of sport: An introduction: ABC-CLIO.
7. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Atıf İndeksi, 1-360. Carling, C., Reilly, T., Williams, A. M. (2008). Performance assessment for field sports: Routledge. NY, USA Courel-Ibáñez, J., McRobert, A. P., Toro, E. O., Vélez, D. C. (2016). Inside pass predicts ball possession effectiveness in NBA basketball. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 16(2), 711-725. Cui, Y., Gómez, M.-Á., Gonçalves, B., Sampaio, J. (2018). Performance profiles of professional female tennis players in grand slams. PloS one, 13(7), e0200591.
8. Erčulj, F., Supej, M. (2009). Impact of fatigue on the position of the release arm and shoulder girdle over a longer shooting distance for an elite basketball player. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(3), 1029-1036.

9. Ertetik, G., Durmuş, T., Erdeveciler, Ö., Ersöz, G. (2021). Basketbolun Değişen Oyun Yapısı: NBA ve EuroLeague Örnekleri . Avrasya Spor Bilimleri ve Eğitim Dergisi , 3(1) , 81-95 . DOI: 10.47778/ejsse.907049 García, A., Parejo, I., De la Cruz, E., Domínguez, A., Saavedra, J. M. (2007). Differences in basketball game statistics between winning and losing teams in the Spanish EBA league. Iberian Congress on Basketball Research 4, (76-78)
10. García, J., Ibáñez, J. S., Gómez, A. M., Sampaio, J. (2014). Basketball Game-related statistics discriminating ACB league teams according to game location, game outcome and final score differences. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 14(2), 443-452. Gürkan, O., Ertetik, G., Müniroğlu, S. (2017). Analysis of goals scored in UEFA champions league by the time periods. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 5(3), 140-147.
11. Hudson, J.L. (1982). A biomechanical analysis by skill level of free throw shooting in basketball. In: J. Terauds (Ed.), Biomechanics in Sports (95-102). Del Mar, CA: Academic Publisher Hughes, M., Franks, I. M. (2004). Notational analysis of sport: Systems for better coaching and performance in sport: Psychology Press. Huyghe, T., Scanlan, A. T., Dalbo, V. J., Calleja-González, J. (2018). The negative influence of air travel on health and performance in the national basketball association: a narrative review. Sports, 6(3), 89. Ibáñez, S. J., García, J., Feu, S., Lorenzo, A., Sampaio, J. (2009). Effects of consecutive basketball games on the game-related statistics that discriminate winner and losing teams. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 8(3), 458. Ibáñez, S. J., Sampaio, J., Feu, S., Lorenzo, A., Gómez, M. A., Ortega, E. (2008). Basketball game-related statistics that discriminate between teams’ season-long success. European Journal of Sport Science, 8(6), 369-372. Kurak, K., Büyükçelebi, H., Açak, M. (2021). Analysıs of the ıtalıan football ın the 2016 european football champıonshıp. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 6(12). Lorenzo, A., Gómez, M. Á., Ortega, E., Ibáñez, S. J., Sampaio, J. (2010). Game related statistics which discriminate between winning and losing under-16 male basketball games. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 9(4), 664. Mandić, R., Jakovljević, S., Erčulj, F., Štrumbelj, E. (2019). Trends in NBA and Euroleague basketball: Analysis and comparison of statistical data from 2000 to 2017. PloS one, 14(10), e0223524. McLellan, C. P., Lovell, D. I., Gass, G. C. (2011). Performance analysis of elite rugby league match play using global positioning systems. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(6), 1703-1710. Mohindra, M., Bird, S., Charest, J., Huyghe, T., Calleja-Gonzalez, J. (2020). Urgent wake up call for the NBA. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine: JCSM: Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. (1-12)
12. Narazaki, K., Berg, K., Stergiou, N., Chen, B. (2009). Physiological demands of competitive basketball. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & cience in Sports, 19(3), 425-432.
13. O'donoghue, P. (2009). Research methods for sports performance analysis: Routledge. NY, USA Oliver, D. (2004). Basketball on paper: rules and tools for performance analysis: Potomac Books, Inc. WA, USA Oudejans, R. R., Karamat, R. S., Stolk, M. H. (2012). Effects of actions preceding the jump shot on gaze behavior and shooting performance in elite female basketball players. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 7(2), 255-267. Pluta, B., Andrzejewski, M., Lira, J. (2014). The effects of rule changes on basketball game results in the men’s European basketball championships. Human Movement, 15(4), 204-208. Pojskić, H., Šeparović, V., Muratović, M., Užičanin, E. (2014). The relationship between physical fitness and shooting accuracy of professional basketball players. Motriz: Revista de Educação Física, 20(4), 408-417. Sampaio, J., Abrantes, C., Leite, N. (2009). Power, heart rate and perceived exertion responses to 3x3 and 4x4 basketball small-sided games. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 18(3), 463-467. Sampaio, J., Drinkwater, E. J., Leite, N. M. (2010). Effects of season period, team quality, and playing time on basketball players' game-related statistics. European Journal of Sport Science, 10(2), 141-149. Sampaio, J., Godoy, S. I., Feu, S. (2004). Discriminative power of basketball game-related statistics by level of competition and sex. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 99(3), 1231-1238. Sampaio, J., Janeira, M. (2003). Statistical analyses of basketball team performance: understanding teams’ wins and losses according to a different index of ball possessions. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 3(1), 40-49. Sarmento, H., Marcelino, R., Anguera, M. T., CampaniÇo, J., Matos, N., LeitÃo, J. C. (2014). Match analysis in football: a systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(20), 1831-1843. Teramoto, M., Cross, C. L., Cushman, D. M., Maak, T. G., Petron, D. J., Willick, S. E. (2017). Game injuries in relation to game schedules in the National Basketball Association. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(3), 230-235. Trninić, S., Dizdar, D., Dežman, B. (2000). Empirical verification of the weighted system of criteria for the elite basketball players quality evaluation. Collegium Antropologicum, 24(2), 443-465. Valladares, N., García-Tormo, J. V., João, P. V. (2016). Analysis of variables affecting performance in senior female volleyball World Championship 2014. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 16(1), 401-410. Ziv, G., Lidor, R., Arnon, M. (2010). Predicting team rankings in basketball: The questionable use of on-court performance statistics. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 10(2), 103-114.