Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 16 Sayı: 4, 256 - 265, 26.12.2018
Bülent Gürbüz
,
Zafer Çimen
,
İsmail Aydın
Kaynakça
- Alexandris, K., Kouthouris, C., Funk, D., Tziouma, O. (2013). The use of negotiation strategies among recreational participants with different involvement levels: The case of recreational swimmers. Leisure Studies, 32, 299–317.
- Bergström, O., Arman, R. (2017). Increasing commitment after downsizing: the role of involvement and voluntary redundancies. Journal of Change Management, 17(4), 297-320.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2008). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi, 9. Baskı.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak Kılıç, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi, Ankara.
- Chang, H. (2017). Gender differences in leisure involvement and flow experience in professional extreme sport activities. World Leisure Journal, 59(2), 124-139, DOI: 10.1080/16078055.2016.1166152.
- Chang, S., Gibson, H.J. (2011). Physically active leisure and tourism connection: Leisure involvement and choice of tourism activities among paddlers. Leisure Science, 33(1), 162-181.
- Cheng, T.M., Tsaur, S.H. (2012). The relationship between serious leisure characteristics and recreation involvement: A case study of Taiwan’s surfing activities. Leisure Studies, 31, 53–68.
- Cortina, J.M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 98-104.
Çakır, V. (2007). Tüketici ilgilenimini ölçmek. Selçuk Üniversitesi Dergisi, 4(4), 163-180.
- Decloe, M.D., Kaczynski, A.T., Havitz, M.E. (2009). Social participation, flow and situational involvement in recreational physical activity. Journal of Leisure Research, 41(1), 73‐90.
- Dimanche, F., Havitz, M. E., Howard, D. R. (1991). Testing the involvement profile scale in the context of selected recreational and touristic activities. Journal of Leisure Research 23, 51–66.
- Eccles, J.S. (2005). Studying the development of learning and task motivation. Learning and Instruction. 15(2), 161–171.
- Eskiler, E. (2017). Sakarya üniversitesi öğrencilerinin serbest zaman ilgilenimleri ile davranışsal niyetleri arasındaki ilişkilerinin incelenmesi. Istanbul University Journal of Sport Science, 7(3),10-24.
- Fenton, L., White, C., Hamilton-Hinch, B. (2018). The impact of recreation programs on the mental health of postsecondary students in North America: An integrative reviwe. Leisure Sciences, DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2018.1483851.
- George, D., Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 11.0 update. (4th Ed.) Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Hambleton, R. K., Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 1(1), 1-30.
- Havitz, M.E., Dimanche, F. (1999). Leisure involve¬ment revisited: Drive properties and padoxes. Jo¬urnal of Leisure Research. 31, 122-149.
- Higie, R.A., Feick, L.F. (1989). Enduring involvement: Conceptual and measurement issue. Advences in Consumer Research, 16, 690-696.
- Hu, L. Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1-55.
- Iwasaki, Y., Havitz, M. E. (2004). Examining relationships between leisure involvement, psychological commitment, and loyalty to a recreation agency. Journal of Leisure Research 36, 45–72.
- Jamrozy, U., Backman, S.J., Backman, K.F. (1996). Involvement and opinion leadership in tourism. Annas of Tourism Research, 23(4), 908-924.
- Jun, J., Kyle, G.T., Absher, J.D., Hammitt, W.E. (2008). Reassessıng the causal structure of enduring involvement. Proceedings of the 2008 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium, 194-199.
- Kandemir, D., Atakan S.S., Demirci, C. (2013). İlgilenim kavramı ve Türkçe ilgilenim ölçeklerinin değerlendirilmesi: Tüketici ilgilenimi, sürekli ilgilenim ve satın alma kararı ilgilenimi. İşletme ve Finans, 28(330), 21-48.
- Kapferer, J.N., Laurent, G. (1985). Consumers' involvement profile: New empirical results. in NA-Advances in Consumer Research, 12(1), 290-295.
- Karabaş, S. (2018). E-ticaret ve üniversite öğrencilerinin elektronik ticarete ilişkin tutum ve ilgilenim düzeylerinin belirlenmesi: Bir alan araştırması. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 68, 83-104.
- Kim, J., Heo, J., Dvorak, R., Ryu, J., Han, A. (2018). Benefits of leisure activities for health and life satisfaction among western migrants. Annals of Leisure Research. 21(1), 47-57.
- Koçak, F. (2017). The relationship between leisure constraints, constraint negotiation strategies and facilitators with recreational sport activity participation of college students. College Student Journal, 51(4), 491-497.
- Kontogianni, E, Kouthouris, C. Barlas, A. (2011). Involvement and loyalty in recreation swimming in Greece: Investigating relationships. International Journal of Sport Management, Recreation and Tourism, 8, 13-34.
- Kouthouris, C. (2009). An Examination of the relationships between motivation, involvement and intention to continuing participation among recreational skiers. International Journal of Sport Management Recreation & Tourism, Vol.4, pp.1-19.
- Krugman, H. (1965). The impact of television advertising: learning without involvement. Public Opinion Quarterly, 29(3), 349–356.
- Kyle G.T., Absher J., Norman, W., Hammit, W., Jodice, L. (2007). Modified involvement scale. Leisure Studies, 26(4), 398-427.
- Kyle, G., Chick, G. (2004). Enduring leisure involvement: The importance of personal relationships. Leisure Studies,23, 243–266.
- Kyle, G. T., Graefe, A. R., Manning, R. E., Bacon, J. (2003). An examination of the relationship between leisure activity involvement and place attachment among hikers along the Appalachian Trail. Journal of Leisure Research 35, 249–273.
- Kyle, G. T., Kerstetter, D. L., Guadagnolo, F. B. (1999). The influence of outcome messages and involvement on participant reference price. Journal of Park and Recreation dministration 17(3), 53–75.
- Lee, S., Kim, D. (2018). Brand personality of Airbnb: Application of user involvement and gender differences. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 35(1), 32-45.
- Matsumoto, H., Sato, S., Asada, A., Chiashi, K. (2018). Exploring the relationship among leisure engagement, affective and cognitive leisure involvement, and subjective happiness: A mediating role of leisure satisfaction. World Leisure Journal, 60(2), 111-126, DOI: 10.1080/16078055.2018.1444669.
- McQuarrie, E. F., Munson, J. M. (1987). The zaichkowsky personal involvement inventory: Modification and extension. Advances in Consumer research, 14, 36-40.
- Melton, K. K., Ellis, M. G. (2018). Measurement of time involvement in family activities: Alternative scaling procedures for the family leisure activity profile. Leisure Sciences, DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2018.1458669.
- Metin, T.C., Kesici, M., Kodaş, D. (2013). Rekreasyon olgusuna akademisyenlerin yaklaşımları. Approaches of Academicians to the Rekreation Phenomenon, 30(8), 5021-5048.
- Mittal, B. (1995). A comparative analysis of four scales of consumer involvement. Psychology and Marketing, 12(7), 663-682.
- Nagata, S., McCormick, B.P., Piatt, J. (2018). The impact of decreased capacity to experience pleasure on leisure coping strategies among individuals with major depressive disorder. Leisure Sciences, DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2018.1458667.
- Odabaşı, Y., Barış, G. (2002). Tüketici davranışı.(2.Baskı). İstanbul: MediaCat Akademi.
- Reyes Uribe, A.C. (2017). The influence of psychological needs in mexican older adults’ leisure motivations. Leisure Sciences, DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2017.1325797.
- Ridinger, L. L., Funk, D. C., Jordan, J. S., Kaplanidou, K. (2012). Marathons for the masses: Exploring the role of negotiation-efficacy and involvement on running commitment. Journal of Leisure Research, 44, 155–178.
- Roberts, K. (2018). Writing about leisure. World Leisure Journal, 60(1), 3-13.
- Samuel, N. (2011). Technology invades leisure. World leisure and recreaction. 38(3), 12-18.
- Schryer, E., Mock, S. E., Hilbrecht, M., Lero, D., Smale, B. (2016). Use of leisure facilities and wellbeing of adult caregivers. Leisure Sciences, 38(1), 17–33.
- Schuett, M. A. (1993). Refining measures of adventure recreation involvement. Leisure Sciences 15, 205–216.
- Smith, M.B., Wallace, J.C., Vandenberg, R.J., Mondore, S. (2018). Employee involvement climate, task and citizenship performance, and instability as a moderator. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(4).
- Theodotou, E. (2018). Using different art forms to investigate the impact on children’s involvement in literacy activities, Education 3-13, DOI: 10.1080/03004279.2018.1515969.
- Yetim, G., Argan, M. (2013). Boş zaman ilgilenim faktörleri: boş zaman katılım davranışı ve demografik özelliklere göre durumu. II. Rekreasyon Araştırma Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı: 285-29.
- Wiley, C.G.E., Shaw, S.W., Havitz, M.E. (2000). Men’s and women’s involvement in sports: An examination of the gendered aspect of leisure involvement. Leisure Sciences, 22(1), 19-31.
- Zaickowsky, J.L. (1985). Masuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 341–352.
SERBEST ZAMAN İLGİLENİM ÖLÇEĞİ: TÜRKÇE FORMU GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 16 Sayı: 4, 256 - 265, 26.12.2018
Bülent Gürbüz
,
Zafer Çimen
,
İsmail Aydın
Öz
Bu araştırmanın amacı, serbest zaman etkinliklerine
katılan bireylerin katıldıkları etkinliklere ilişkin ilgilenim düzeylerini
ölçmek amacıyla Kyle, Absher, Norman, Hammitt ve Jodice (2007) geliştirilmiş
olan ‘Serbest Zaman İlgilenim Ölçeği’nin (SZİÖ) Türkçe’ye adaptasyon
çalışmasını yapmaktır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu, Ankara’nın farklı
ilçelerinde hizmet veren 5 farklı fitness merkezinin üyesi 85’i kadın ve 224’ü
erkek toplam 309 kişi oluşturmuştur.
Katılımcıların yaş ortalamaları 25.78 ± 7.041’dir. SZİÖ’nin orijinal formu toplam beş alt
boyut ve 15 beş maddeden oluşmaktadır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde,
tanımlayıcı istatistiklere ek olarak Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA), basit
korelasyon ve iç tutarlık katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı
geçerliği için uygulanan Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi’nde (DFA) orijinal formla
tutarlı olarak ölçek Türkçe versiyonunun da 5 alt boyut ve toplam 15 maddeden
oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin faktör yüklerinin 0.41-0.81 arasında değiştiği
tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin Cronbach Alfa iç turarlık katsayılarının 0.58
(özdeşleşme) ile 0.80 (çekicilik) arasında değiştiği bulunmuştur. Elde edilen
sonuçlara göre, Türk kültürüne uyarlanan T-SZİÖ’nin bireylerin serbest zaman
ilgilenim düzeylerinin belirlenmesi için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu
ifade edilebilir.
Kaynakça
- Alexandris, K., Kouthouris, C., Funk, D., Tziouma, O. (2013). The use of negotiation strategies among recreational participants with different involvement levels: The case of recreational swimmers. Leisure Studies, 32, 299–317.
- Bergström, O., Arman, R. (2017). Increasing commitment after downsizing: the role of involvement and voluntary redundancies. Journal of Change Management, 17(4), 297-320.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2008). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi, 9. Baskı.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak Kılıç, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi, Ankara.
- Chang, H. (2017). Gender differences in leisure involvement and flow experience in professional extreme sport activities. World Leisure Journal, 59(2), 124-139, DOI: 10.1080/16078055.2016.1166152.
- Chang, S., Gibson, H.J. (2011). Physically active leisure and tourism connection: Leisure involvement and choice of tourism activities among paddlers. Leisure Science, 33(1), 162-181.
- Cheng, T.M., Tsaur, S.H. (2012). The relationship between serious leisure characteristics and recreation involvement: A case study of Taiwan’s surfing activities. Leisure Studies, 31, 53–68.
- Cortina, J.M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 98-104.
Çakır, V. (2007). Tüketici ilgilenimini ölçmek. Selçuk Üniversitesi Dergisi, 4(4), 163-180.
- Decloe, M.D., Kaczynski, A.T., Havitz, M.E. (2009). Social participation, flow and situational involvement in recreational physical activity. Journal of Leisure Research, 41(1), 73‐90.
- Dimanche, F., Havitz, M. E., Howard, D. R. (1991). Testing the involvement profile scale in the context of selected recreational and touristic activities. Journal of Leisure Research 23, 51–66.
- Eccles, J.S. (2005). Studying the development of learning and task motivation. Learning and Instruction. 15(2), 161–171.
- Eskiler, E. (2017). Sakarya üniversitesi öğrencilerinin serbest zaman ilgilenimleri ile davranışsal niyetleri arasındaki ilişkilerinin incelenmesi. Istanbul University Journal of Sport Science, 7(3),10-24.
- Fenton, L., White, C., Hamilton-Hinch, B. (2018). The impact of recreation programs on the mental health of postsecondary students in North America: An integrative reviwe. Leisure Sciences, DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2018.1483851.
- George, D., Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 11.0 update. (4th Ed.) Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Hambleton, R. K., Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 1(1), 1-30.
- Havitz, M.E., Dimanche, F. (1999). Leisure involve¬ment revisited: Drive properties and padoxes. Jo¬urnal of Leisure Research. 31, 122-149.
- Higie, R.A., Feick, L.F. (1989). Enduring involvement: Conceptual and measurement issue. Advences in Consumer Research, 16, 690-696.
- Hu, L. Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1-55.
- Iwasaki, Y., Havitz, M. E. (2004). Examining relationships between leisure involvement, psychological commitment, and loyalty to a recreation agency. Journal of Leisure Research 36, 45–72.
- Jamrozy, U., Backman, S.J., Backman, K.F. (1996). Involvement and opinion leadership in tourism. Annas of Tourism Research, 23(4), 908-924.
- Jun, J., Kyle, G.T., Absher, J.D., Hammitt, W.E. (2008). Reassessıng the causal structure of enduring involvement. Proceedings of the 2008 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium, 194-199.
- Kandemir, D., Atakan S.S., Demirci, C. (2013). İlgilenim kavramı ve Türkçe ilgilenim ölçeklerinin değerlendirilmesi: Tüketici ilgilenimi, sürekli ilgilenim ve satın alma kararı ilgilenimi. İşletme ve Finans, 28(330), 21-48.
- Kapferer, J.N., Laurent, G. (1985). Consumers' involvement profile: New empirical results. in NA-Advances in Consumer Research, 12(1), 290-295.
- Karabaş, S. (2018). E-ticaret ve üniversite öğrencilerinin elektronik ticarete ilişkin tutum ve ilgilenim düzeylerinin belirlenmesi: Bir alan araştırması. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 68, 83-104.
- Kim, J., Heo, J., Dvorak, R., Ryu, J., Han, A. (2018). Benefits of leisure activities for health and life satisfaction among western migrants. Annals of Leisure Research. 21(1), 47-57.
- Koçak, F. (2017). The relationship between leisure constraints, constraint negotiation strategies and facilitators with recreational sport activity participation of college students. College Student Journal, 51(4), 491-497.
- Kontogianni, E, Kouthouris, C. Barlas, A. (2011). Involvement and loyalty in recreation swimming in Greece: Investigating relationships. International Journal of Sport Management, Recreation and Tourism, 8, 13-34.
- Kouthouris, C. (2009). An Examination of the relationships between motivation, involvement and intention to continuing participation among recreational skiers. International Journal of Sport Management Recreation & Tourism, Vol.4, pp.1-19.
- Krugman, H. (1965). The impact of television advertising: learning without involvement. Public Opinion Quarterly, 29(3), 349–356.
- Kyle G.T., Absher J., Norman, W., Hammit, W., Jodice, L. (2007). Modified involvement scale. Leisure Studies, 26(4), 398-427.
- Kyle, G., Chick, G. (2004). Enduring leisure involvement: The importance of personal relationships. Leisure Studies,23, 243–266.
- Kyle, G. T., Graefe, A. R., Manning, R. E., Bacon, J. (2003). An examination of the relationship between leisure activity involvement and place attachment among hikers along the Appalachian Trail. Journal of Leisure Research 35, 249–273.
- Kyle, G. T., Kerstetter, D. L., Guadagnolo, F. B. (1999). The influence of outcome messages and involvement on participant reference price. Journal of Park and Recreation dministration 17(3), 53–75.
- Lee, S., Kim, D. (2018). Brand personality of Airbnb: Application of user involvement and gender differences. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 35(1), 32-45.
- Matsumoto, H., Sato, S., Asada, A., Chiashi, K. (2018). Exploring the relationship among leisure engagement, affective and cognitive leisure involvement, and subjective happiness: A mediating role of leisure satisfaction. World Leisure Journal, 60(2), 111-126, DOI: 10.1080/16078055.2018.1444669.
- McQuarrie, E. F., Munson, J. M. (1987). The zaichkowsky personal involvement inventory: Modification and extension. Advances in Consumer research, 14, 36-40.
- Melton, K. K., Ellis, M. G. (2018). Measurement of time involvement in family activities: Alternative scaling procedures for the family leisure activity profile. Leisure Sciences, DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2018.1458669.
- Metin, T.C., Kesici, M., Kodaş, D. (2013). Rekreasyon olgusuna akademisyenlerin yaklaşımları. Approaches of Academicians to the Rekreation Phenomenon, 30(8), 5021-5048.
- Mittal, B. (1995). A comparative analysis of four scales of consumer involvement. Psychology and Marketing, 12(7), 663-682.
- Nagata, S., McCormick, B.P., Piatt, J. (2018). The impact of decreased capacity to experience pleasure on leisure coping strategies among individuals with major depressive disorder. Leisure Sciences, DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2018.1458667.
- Odabaşı, Y., Barış, G. (2002). Tüketici davranışı.(2.Baskı). İstanbul: MediaCat Akademi.
- Reyes Uribe, A.C. (2017). The influence of psychological needs in mexican older adults’ leisure motivations. Leisure Sciences, DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2017.1325797.
- Ridinger, L. L., Funk, D. C., Jordan, J. S., Kaplanidou, K. (2012). Marathons for the masses: Exploring the role of negotiation-efficacy and involvement on running commitment. Journal of Leisure Research, 44, 155–178.
- Roberts, K. (2018). Writing about leisure. World Leisure Journal, 60(1), 3-13.
- Samuel, N. (2011). Technology invades leisure. World leisure and recreaction. 38(3), 12-18.
- Schryer, E., Mock, S. E., Hilbrecht, M., Lero, D., Smale, B. (2016). Use of leisure facilities and wellbeing of adult caregivers. Leisure Sciences, 38(1), 17–33.
- Schuett, M. A. (1993). Refining measures of adventure recreation involvement. Leisure Sciences 15, 205–216.
- Smith, M.B., Wallace, J.C., Vandenberg, R.J., Mondore, S. (2018). Employee involvement climate, task and citizenship performance, and instability as a moderator. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(4).
- Theodotou, E. (2018). Using different art forms to investigate the impact on children’s involvement in literacy activities, Education 3-13, DOI: 10.1080/03004279.2018.1515969.
- Yetim, G., Argan, M. (2013). Boş zaman ilgilenim faktörleri: boş zaman katılım davranışı ve demografik özelliklere göre durumu. II. Rekreasyon Araştırma Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı: 285-29.
- Wiley, C.G.E., Shaw, S.W., Havitz, M.E. (2000). Men’s and women’s involvement in sports: An examination of the gendered aspect of leisure involvement. Leisure Sciences, 22(1), 19-31.
- Zaickowsky, J.L. (1985). Masuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 341–352.