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Sporcu kimliği ve homofobi ilişkisinin sporcu üniversite öğrencisi adayları örnekleminde incelenmesi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 79 - 84, 01.08.2017
https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000311

Öz

Spor ortamında, farklı cinsel yönelimi olan bireylere yönelik olumsuz tutum ve davranışlar çeşitli araştırmalarla ortaya konmuştur. Bu araştırmada, beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenliği ile antrenörlük eğitimi bölümlerine öğrenci alımı için yapılan özel yetenek sınavına başvuran sporcuların homofobi düzeyleri ve sporcu kimlikleri arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya, 67 kadın 99 erkek olmak üzere toplam 166 sporcu katılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş aralığı 18-27’dir (M= 19.58, SS= 1.82). Araştırmada veri toplamak amacı ile Öztürk ve Koca (2013) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan “Sporcu Kimliği Ölçeği (SKÖ)” ve Gelbal ve Duyan (2006) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan “Lezbiyen ve Geylere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği-Kısa Formu (LGYT-K)” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan sporcuların sporcu kimlikleri ve lezbiyen ve geylere yönelik tutumları arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığının belirlenmesi amacı ile Pearson momentler çarpımı korelasyon katsayısı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular kadın sporcuların sporcu kimlikleri ile lezbiyenlere, geylere ve lezbiyen ve geylere yönelik toplam tutum puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca bulgular, erkek sporcuların sporcu kimliği düzeyleri ile lezbiyenlere, geylere ve lezbiyen ve geylere yönelik toplam tutum puanları arasında anlamlı ve negatif yönde bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgular doğrultusunda, kendilerini sporcu rolleri ile kimliklendirme düzeyi yüksek olan sporcuların lezbiyen ve geylere yönelik daha olumsuz bir tutuma sahip oldukları düşünülmektedir

Kaynakça

  • Brewer BW, Cornelius AE (2001): Norms and facto- rial invariance of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale. Academic Athletic Journal, 15, 103-113.
  • Brewer BW, Van Raalte JL, Linder DE (1993): Athletic identity: Hercules' muscles or Achilles heel? Int J Sport Psychol, 24, 237-254.
  • CAAWS [Canadian Association for the Advance- ment of Women and Sport] (2006): Seeing the in- visible, speaking about the unspoken, a position paper on homophobia in sport. http://www.caaws. ca/pdfs/CAAWS_Homophobia_Discussion_Paper_ E.pdf (15 Mayıs 2015)
  • Curry TJ (1991). Fraternal bonding in the locke rroom: A profeminist analysis of talk about compe- tition and women. Sociology and Sport Journal, 8, 119-135.
  • Çetinkaya T (2010). Sporcu kimliği oluşumunda etkili olan faktörler. Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bi- limleri Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara.
  • Duyan V, Gelbal S (2004): Lezbiyen ve geylere yönelik tutum (LGYT) ölçeği: Güvenirlik ve geçer- lik çalışması. HIV/AIDS Dergisi, 7, 106-112.
  • Eitzen DS (2000): Social control and sport. 370- 382. In: J. Coakley and E. Dunning (Eds.), Hand- book of Sports Studies. London, Sage.
  • Fraenkel JR, Wallen NE, Hyun H (2011): How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. New York: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Scien- ces/Languages.
  • Gapin JI, Petruzzello SJ (2011): Athletic identity and disordered eating in obligatory and non- obligatory runners. J Sports Sci, 29, 1001-1110.
  • Gelbal S, Duyan V (2006): Attitudes of university Students toward lesbians and gay men in Turkey. Sex Roles, 55, 573–579.
  • Gill DL, Morrow RG, Collins KE, et al (2006): Attitudes and sexual prejudice in sport and physical activity. Journal of Sport Management, 20, 554- 564.
  • Griffith KA, Johnson KA (2002): Athletic identity and life roles of Division I and Division III collegi- ate athletes. Journal of Undergraduate Research, 5, 225-231.
  • Herek GM (1984): Beyond "homophobia": a social psychological perspective on attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Journal of Homosexuality, 10, 1-21.
  • Herek GM (1998): Attitudes toward lesbians and gay men scale. In Davis C. M., Yarber W. H., Bau- serman R., Schreer G., Davis S. L. (Eds.), Hand- book of Sexuality-related measures. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Pp. 392–394.
  • Koca C (2006): Beden eğitimi ve spor alanında toplumsal cinsiyet ilişkileri. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17, 81-99.
  • Krane V (2001): We can be athletic and feminine, but do we want to? Challenging hegemonic femi- ninity in women's sport. Quest, 53, 115-133.
  • Lamont-Mills A, Christensen SA (2006): Athletic identity and its relationship to sport participation levels. J Sci Med Sport, 9, 472-478.
  • Madon S (1997): What do people believe about gay males? A study of stereotype content and strength. Sex Roles, 37, 663-685.
  • Matheson H, Brewer BW, Van Raalte JL, ve ark. (1994). Athletic identity of national level badmin- ton players: a cross-cultural analysis. 228–231. In: T.M. Reilly, M. Hughes, A. Lees (Eds.), Science and racket sports. E&FN Spon, London.
  • Morrow RG, Gill DL (2003): Perceptions of ho- mophobia and heterosexism in physical education. Res Q Exerc Sport, 74, 205-214.
  • O’Brien KS, Shovelton H, Latner JD (2013): Ho- mophobia in physical education and sport: The role of physical/sporting identity and attributes, authori- tarian aggression, and social dominance orienta- tion. Int J Psychol, 48, 891-899.
  • Oksal A (2008): Turkish family members' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Sex Roles, 58, 514– 525.
  • Öztürk P, Koca C (2013): Sporcu kimliği ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun psikometrik özelliklerinin ince- lenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 24, 01-10.
  • Proios M, Proios MC, Fotis Mavrovouniotis F, Theofanis S (2012): An exploratory study of athle- tic identity in university physical education stu- dents. Graduate Journal of Sport, Exercise & Phy- sical Education Research, 1, 98-107.
  • Sakallı N (2003): Pictures of male homosexuals in the heads of Turkish college students: The effects of sex difference and social contact on stereoty- ping. Journal of Homosexuality, 43, 111-126.
  • Saraç L (2012a): The relationships between ho- mophobic attitudes and religiosity among Turkish physical education teacher majors. Physical Educa- tion & Sport Pedagogy, 17, 277-287.
  • Saraç L (2012b): Attitudes of future physical edu- cation teachers in Turkey toward lesbians and gay men. Psychol Rep, 111, 765-775.
  • Steinfeldt JA, Gilchrist GA, Halterman AW, et al (2011): Drive for muscularity and conformity to masculine norms among college football players. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 12, 324-338.
  • Wiechman SA, Williams J (1997): Relation of athletic identity to injury and mood disturbance. Journal of Sport Behavior, 20, 199-210.
  • Yıldz S, Atamer A, Yavuz MF (2003): Correlates of negative attitudes of undergraduate students towards gay men and lesbians. Forensic Sciences International, 136 (Suppl. 1), 290.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATHLETIC IDENTITY AND HOMOPHOBIA AMONG A SAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTATHLETE CANDIDATES

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 79 - 84, 01.08.2017
https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000311

Öz

The negative attitudes and behaviours towards people with different sexual orientation in the field of sport have been documented through several studies. The present study aimed to determine whether there is a correlation between levels of athletic identity and homophobia of the candidate athletes participating in a sport specific talent exam to be a student at the physical education teacher education and coaching education programs. A total of 166 athletes participated in the study, of whom 67 women and 99 men. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 27 (M= 19.58, SD=1.82). In order to collect data, the “Athletic Identity Scale” adapted into Turkish by Öztürk and Koca (2013) and the “Attitudes toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale” adapted into Turkish by Gelbal and Duyan (2006) have been employed. The Pearson product-moment correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between athletes’ athletic identity and their attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. The results showed statistically no significant relationship between the women athlete’s athletic identity and their attitudes toward lesbians, gay men, and lesbians and gay men. In addition, there was a significant negative relationship between male athletes’ athletic identity and their attitudes toward lesbians, gay men, and lesbians and gay men. The athletes with increased level of athletic identity have been thought to have more negative attitudes towards lesbians and gay men

Kaynakça

  • Brewer BW, Cornelius AE (2001): Norms and facto- rial invariance of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale. Academic Athletic Journal, 15, 103-113.
  • Brewer BW, Van Raalte JL, Linder DE (1993): Athletic identity: Hercules' muscles or Achilles heel? Int J Sport Psychol, 24, 237-254.
  • CAAWS [Canadian Association for the Advance- ment of Women and Sport] (2006): Seeing the in- visible, speaking about the unspoken, a position paper on homophobia in sport. http://www.caaws. ca/pdfs/CAAWS_Homophobia_Discussion_Paper_ E.pdf (15 Mayıs 2015)
  • Curry TJ (1991). Fraternal bonding in the locke rroom: A profeminist analysis of talk about compe- tition and women. Sociology and Sport Journal, 8, 119-135.
  • Çetinkaya T (2010). Sporcu kimliği oluşumunda etkili olan faktörler. Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bi- limleri Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara.
  • Duyan V, Gelbal S (2004): Lezbiyen ve geylere yönelik tutum (LGYT) ölçeği: Güvenirlik ve geçer- lik çalışması. HIV/AIDS Dergisi, 7, 106-112.
  • Eitzen DS (2000): Social control and sport. 370- 382. In: J. Coakley and E. Dunning (Eds.), Hand- book of Sports Studies. London, Sage.
  • Fraenkel JR, Wallen NE, Hyun H (2011): How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. New York: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Scien- ces/Languages.
  • Gapin JI, Petruzzello SJ (2011): Athletic identity and disordered eating in obligatory and non- obligatory runners. J Sports Sci, 29, 1001-1110.
  • Gelbal S, Duyan V (2006): Attitudes of university Students toward lesbians and gay men in Turkey. Sex Roles, 55, 573–579.
  • Gill DL, Morrow RG, Collins KE, et al (2006): Attitudes and sexual prejudice in sport and physical activity. Journal of Sport Management, 20, 554- 564.
  • Griffith KA, Johnson KA (2002): Athletic identity and life roles of Division I and Division III collegi- ate athletes. Journal of Undergraduate Research, 5, 225-231.
  • Herek GM (1984): Beyond "homophobia": a social psychological perspective on attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Journal of Homosexuality, 10, 1-21.
  • Herek GM (1998): Attitudes toward lesbians and gay men scale. In Davis C. M., Yarber W. H., Bau- serman R., Schreer G., Davis S. L. (Eds.), Hand- book of Sexuality-related measures. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Pp. 392–394.
  • Koca C (2006): Beden eğitimi ve spor alanında toplumsal cinsiyet ilişkileri. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17, 81-99.
  • Krane V (2001): We can be athletic and feminine, but do we want to? Challenging hegemonic femi- ninity in women's sport. Quest, 53, 115-133.
  • Lamont-Mills A, Christensen SA (2006): Athletic identity and its relationship to sport participation levels. J Sci Med Sport, 9, 472-478.
  • Madon S (1997): What do people believe about gay males? A study of stereotype content and strength. Sex Roles, 37, 663-685.
  • Matheson H, Brewer BW, Van Raalte JL, ve ark. (1994). Athletic identity of national level badmin- ton players: a cross-cultural analysis. 228–231. In: T.M. Reilly, M. Hughes, A. Lees (Eds.), Science and racket sports. E&FN Spon, London.
  • Morrow RG, Gill DL (2003): Perceptions of ho- mophobia and heterosexism in physical education. Res Q Exerc Sport, 74, 205-214.
  • O’Brien KS, Shovelton H, Latner JD (2013): Ho- mophobia in physical education and sport: The role of physical/sporting identity and attributes, authori- tarian aggression, and social dominance orienta- tion. Int J Psychol, 48, 891-899.
  • Oksal A (2008): Turkish family members' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Sex Roles, 58, 514– 525.
  • Öztürk P, Koca C (2013): Sporcu kimliği ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun psikometrik özelliklerinin ince- lenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 24, 01-10.
  • Proios M, Proios MC, Fotis Mavrovouniotis F, Theofanis S (2012): An exploratory study of athle- tic identity in university physical education stu- dents. Graduate Journal of Sport, Exercise & Phy- sical Education Research, 1, 98-107.
  • Sakallı N (2003): Pictures of male homosexuals in the heads of Turkish college students: The effects of sex difference and social contact on stereoty- ping. Journal of Homosexuality, 43, 111-126.
  • Saraç L (2012a): The relationships between ho- mophobic attitudes and religiosity among Turkish physical education teacher majors. Physical Educa- tion & Sport Pedagogy, 17, 277-287.
  • Saraç L (2012b): Attitudes of future physical edu- cation teachers in Turkey toward lesbians and gay men. Psychol Rep, 111, 765-775.
  • Steinfeldt JA, Gilchrist GA, Halterman AW, et al (2011): Drive for muscularity and conformity to masculine norms among college football players. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 12, 324-338.
  • Wiechman SA, Williams J (1997): Relation of athletic identity to injury and mood disturbance. Journal of Sport Behavior, 20, 199-210.
  • Yıldz S, Atamer A, Yavuz MF (2003): Correlates of negative attitudes of undergraduate students towards gay men and lesbians. Forensic Sciences International, 136 (Suppl. 1), 290.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA57GJ64KA
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Leyla Saraç Bu kişi benim

Necat Toprak Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Saraç, L., & Toprak, N. (2017). Sporcu kimliği ve homofobi ilişkisinin sporcu üniversite öğrencisi adayları örnekleminde incelenmesi. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(2), 79-84. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000311

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