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DEĞİŞKEN ALIŞTIRMA YÖNTEMİNİN İLKÖĞRETİM BİRİNCİ SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN FIRLATMA BECERİSİNE OLAN ETKİSİ

Yıl 2004, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 27 - 30, 01.04.2004
https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000018

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı dört farklı değişkenlik düzeyine sahip alıştırma ortamının ilköğretim birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin fırlatma becerisine olan etkisini incelemektir. Çalışma grubunu 6 ve 7 yaşları arasında 68 ilköğretim birinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Öğrenciler farklı değişkenlik düzeyine sahip olan sabit, organize, blok ve değişken alıştırma gruplarında rasgele yer almışlardır. Her çalışma grubunda 10 erkek ve 7 kız öğrenci yer almıştır. Çalışma öncesinde ve sonrasında öğrencilerin fırlatma becerilerini ölçmek amacıyla mesafe, isabet ve fırlatma formuna yönelik testler yapılmıştır. Mesafe ölçümü için, Okulöncesi Test Bataryası-Tenis Topu Fırlatma Testi, isabet ölçümü için AAHPER Softbol Beceri Testi ve form ölçümü için USKAT 2 Testi kullanılmıştır. Ön test sonuçları tek yönlü ANOVA testi ile incelenmiş ve gruplar arasında anlamlı farklara rastlanmamıştır. Öğrenciler haftada iki kez olmak üzere toplam beş ders süresince beden eğitimi öğretmeni denetiminde fırlatma alıştırmaları yapmışlardır. Her öğrenci bir derste toplam 24 fırlatış yapmıştır. Alıştırma evresi sonrasında yapılan testlerin sonuçları tekrarlı ANOVA yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Bulgular sadece değişken gruptaki öğrencilerin mesafe derecelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış olduğunu (F, 3,64=.413, p=.010), isabet ve form derecelerinde ise tüm gruplarda artış olduğunu fakat en büyük artışların değişken gruptaki öğrenciler tarafından gerçekleştirildiğini göstermiştir

Kaynakça

  • Dauer, V. P., Pangrazi, R. P., Dynamic physical education for elementary school children, Macmillan Publishing Company, s.37, New York,1992.
  • Hardin, D. H., Garcia, M. J., “Diagnostic performance tests for elementary children (grades 1-4)”, Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, & Dance, 53,pp.48-49,1982.
  • Gallahue, D. L., Developmental physical education for today’s children, McGraw-Hill, s.78, New York,1996.
  • Eoff, N. L., “The Relationship of Structural-Maturational Variables to Throwing Performance”, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Arizona State University, 1985.
  • Landin, D., Hebert, E. P., “A comparison of three practice schedules along the contextual interference continuum”, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 68, pp.357-361,1997.
  • Schmidt, R. A., “A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning”, Psychological Review, 82, pp. 225-260, 1975.
  • Kerr, R., Booth, B., “ Specific and varied practice of motor skills”, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 46, pp. 395-401,1978.
  • Pangrazi, R. P., Teaching Elementary Physical Education, Ally & Bacon, s.67, Needham Heights MA,1997.
  • Morris, A. M., Atwater, A. E., Williams, J. M., Wilmore, J. H., “Motor performance and anthropometric screening measuraments for children 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. In A. M. Morris (Eds.)”, Motor Development: Theory into Practice, Monograph 3 of Motor Skills: Theory into Practice, pp. 49-64, 1981.
  • American Association for Health, Physical Education & Recreation, Sports Skills Tests: Softball. Washington,D.C. AAHPER,1996.
  • Gangstead, S., Beveridge, S. K., “The implementation and evaluation of a methodological approach to qualitative sport skill analysis instruction”, Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 3,pp. 60-70,1984.
  • Davis, M., Knight, J., “ What I am doing wrong coach? Prototype for analysis of flag football”, Paper at Utah Alliance of HPER Annual Convention. Utah,1979
  • Clifton, M. A., “Practice variability and children’s motor behavior”, Perceptual and Motor Skill, 60, pp. 471-476.1985.
  • Moore, J. B., Reeve, G. T., Pissanos, B., “Effects of variability of practice in a movement education program on motor skill performance”, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 52, pp.779-784,1981.
  • Toole, T., Arink, A, E., “Movement education: its effect on motor skill performance”, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 53, pp.156-162, 1982.
  • Carson, L. M., Wiegand, R. L., “Motor schema formation and retention in younger children: A test of Schmidt’s schema theory”, Journal of Motor Behavior, 11, pp.247-251,1979.
  • Wrisberg, C. A., Liu, Z., “The effects of contextual variety on the practice, retention, and transfer of an applied motor skills”, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 62, 406-412.1991.

EFFECTS OF VARIABILITY OF PRACTICE ON OVERARM THROWING IN FIRST GRADE CHILDREN

Yıl 2004, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 27 - 30, 01.04.2004
https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000018

Öz

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of four variable practice conditions on overarm throwing in first grade children. 68 first grade participants between the ages of 6 and 7 were randomly assigned to constant, organized, blocked and variable practice groups. Each group had 10 male and 7 female students. All groups were tested at the beginning and at the end of the five lesson practice phase of the study in terms of accuracy, distance and form of their overarm throw performances. Form scores were obtained by the USKAT 2, distance scores were obtained by the Preschool Test Battery Tennis Ball Throw for Distance Test and accuracy scores were obtained by the AAHPER Softball Skill Test. Three one-way ANOVAs were used to test group equality at the beginning of the study and no significant differences were found among groups for each dependent variable.The practice was conducted during five lessons occuring two times a week under the supervision of physical education teacher. Each student had total of 24 throw for each lesson. After study, repeated measures ANOVA procedures were used to analyze significant interaction between four different groups and each dependent variable. Children in the variable group had the greatest increase in their form and accuracy performances and they also significantly increased their distance scores from pretest to posttest (F, 3,64=.413, p=.010)

Kaynakça

  • Dauer, V. P., Pangrazi, R. P., Dynamic physical education for elementary school children, Macmillan Publishing Company, s.37, New York,1992.
  • Hardin, D. H., Garcia, M. J., “Diagnostic performance tests for elementary children (grades 1-4)”, Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, & Dance, 53,pp.48-49,1982.
  • Gallahue, D. L., Developmental physical education for today’s children, McGraw-Hill, s.78, New York,1996.
  • Eoff, N. L., “The Relationship of Structural-Maturational Variables to Throwing Performance”, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Arizona State University, 1985.
  • Landin, D., Hebert, E. P., “A comparison of three practice schedules along the contextual interference continuum”, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 68, pp.357-361,1997.
  • Schmidt, R. A., “A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning”, Psychological Review, 82, pp. 225-260, 1975.
  • Kerr, R., Booth, B., “ Specific and varied practice of motor skills”, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 46, pp. 395-401,1978.
  • Pangrazi, R. P., Teaching Elementary Physical Education, Ally & Bacon, s.67, Needham Heights MA,1997.
  • Morris, A. M., Atwater, A. E., Williams, J. M., Wilmore, J. H., “Motor performance and anthropometric screening measuraments for children 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. In A. M. Morris (Eds.)”, Motor Development: Theory into Practice, Monograph 3 of Motor Skills: Theory into Practice, pp. 49-64, 1981.
  • American Association for Health, Physical Education & Recreation, Sports Skills Tests: Softball. Washington,D.C. AAHPER,1996.
  • Gangstead, S., Beveridge, S. K., “The implementation and evaluation of a methodological approach to qualitative sport skill analysis instruction”, Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 3,pp. 60-70,1984.
  • Davis, M., Knight, J., “ What I am doing wrong coach? Prototype for analysis of flag football”, Paper at Utah Alliance of HPER Annual Convention. Utah,1979
  • Clifton, M. A., “Practice variability and children’s motor behavior”, Perceptual and Motor Skill, 60, pp. 471-476.1985.
  • Moore, J. B., Reeve, G. T., Pissanos, B., “Effects of variability of practice in a movement education program on motor skill performance”, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 52, pp.779-784,1981.
  • Toole, T., Arink, A, E., “Movement education: its effect on motor skill performance”, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 53, pp.156-162, 1982.
  • Carson, L. M., Wiegand, R. L., “Motor schema formation and retention in younger children: A test of Schmidt’s schema theory”, Journal of Motor Behavior, 11, pp.247-251,1979.
  • Wrisberg, C. A., Liu, Z., “The effects of contextual variety on the practice, retention, and transfer of an applied motor skills”, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 62, 406-412.1991.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA29VJ78VS
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hilmi Taşer Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2004
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2004 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Taşer, H. (2004). DEĞİŞKEN ALIŞTIRMA YÖNTEMİNİN İLKÖĞRETİM BİRİNCİ SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN FIRLATMA BECERİSİNE OLAN ETKİSİ. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 27-30. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000018

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