SEDANTER ORTA YAŞ BAYANLAR İLE GENÇ BAYANLARDA AEROBİK EGZERSİZİN VÜCUT KOMPOZİSYONU VE KAN LİPİDLERİNE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2003, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 83 - 88, 01.08.2003

Selma Karacan F. Filiz Çolakoğlu

https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000024

Öz

Bu çalışma, sedanter orta yaş ve genç bayanlara 12 haftalık aerobik antrenman programı (koş-yürü) uygulamasının vücut kompozisyonu ve kan lipidlerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gruplar düzenli olarak egzersiz yapmamış, özel bir diyet programı uygulamayan, egzersiz yapmasına engel olacak düzeyde sağlık problemleri olmayan bayanlardan oluşturulmuştur. Her iki gruba da 12 hafta süre ile haftada 3 gün 30 dakikalık koş- yürü egzersiz programı uygulatılmıştır. Antrenman şiddeti Karvonen metoduna göre %70 olarak belirlenmiş, antrenman öncesi ve antrenman sonrası vücut ağırlığı, vücut yağ yüzdesi, yağsız vücut ağırlığı, vücut yağ ağırlığı, vücut kitle indeksi, total kolesterol, LDL kolesterol, HDL kolesterol ve trigliserit değerlerinin ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Orta yaş bayanların (n=49) yaş ve boy ortalamaları 40,53±2,93 yıl, 156,79±4,20 cm, genç bayanların (n=23) yaş ve boy ortalamaları 26,17±3,53 yıl, 160,13±6,71 cm olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda, her iki grubunda vücut ağırlığı, vücut yağ yüzdesi, vücut yağ ağırlığı, yağsız vücut ağırlığı, vücut kitle indeksi, total kolesterol ve LDL kolesterol değerlerinde anlamlı bir azalma tespit edilmiştir (p<.05). Ayrıca orta yaş kadınların HDL kolesterol değerlerinde bir artış, trigliserit değerlerinde ise bir azalma belirlenmiş olup, istatistiksel açıdan anlamlılık düzeyinde değildir (p>.05). Sonuç olarak, orta yaş bayanlar ile genç bayanlarda 12 haftalık aerobik egzersizin vücut kompozisyonunda benzer olumlu değişikliklere neden olduğu, kan lipidlerinde ise daha çok orta yaş kadınlar lehine pozitif değişikliklerin olduğu gözlenmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bayanlar, Sedanter, Vücut Kompozisyonu, Kan Lipidleri, Egzersiz

THE EFFECTS OF AEROBIC EXERCISE ON THE BODY COMPOSITION AND BLOOD LIPIDS IN MIDDLE AGED AND YOUNG WOMEN

Öz

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 12 weeks aerobic (jog-walk) exercise program on body composition and blood lipids of sedentary middle aged women and young women. The groups were composed of the women who had not done exercise regularly, who had not followed a special diet and who did not have any health problems preventing them doing any kind of exercise. During 12 weeks, both groups participated in a jog-walk exercise program with the duration of 30 min. and 3 times per week. The intensity of the exercise was %70 that was determined by Karvonen method. Before and after the training measurements of body weight, body fat %, body fat weight, lean body mass, body mass index, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and of triglyceride were done. Mean age and height weight of groups were determined as 40,53±2,93 years and 156,79±4,20 cm. for middle aged group (n=49) and 26,17±3,53 years and 160,13±6,71 cm for young women (n=23). The results indicated that, although there was a significant decrease in body weight, body fat %, body fat weight, body mass index, total cholesterol, LDL-C, values (p<.05), only in middle aged group there was an increase in HDL-K scores and decrease triglyceride values but not significant (p>.05). Consequently, moderate aerobic exercise programs that were done long time and properly had positive effects on body composition in young and middle aged women. As for the blood lipids, such programs had positive effects in favor of mostly middle aged women

Anahtar Kelimeler

Women, Sedentary, Body Composition, Blood Lipids, Exercise

Kaynakça

• Cox, L.C., Burke, V., Morton, A.R., “Long-Term Effects of Exercise on Blood Pressure and Lipids in Healthy Woman Aged 40-65 Years: The Sedentary Women Exercise Adherence Trial (Sweat)”, Journal of Hypertension, 19(10), pp. 1733-1743, 2001.
• Guo, S.S., Zeller, C., Chumlea, W.C., “Aging, Body Composition and Lifestyle: The Fels Longitudinal Study”, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 70(3), pp. 405-411, 1999. 3. Zorba, Herkes
• Solak, H., Görmüş, I.S., Solak, T., Görmüş, N., Spor ve Kalbimiz, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 2002.
• Studd, J., The Management of the Menopause, the Millennium Review, Parthenon Publishing, 2000.
• Açıkada C., Ergen E., Bilim ve Spor, Tek Ofset Matbaacılık, Ankara, 1990.
• Rogerio, A., Lobo, M.D., Treatment of the Postmenopausal Women, Basic and Clinical Aspects, New York, 1994.
• Shangold, M.M., “Exercise in the Menopausal Women”, Obstet Gynecol, 75(4), pp. 53-58, 1990.
• Fox, Bowers, Foss, Beden Eğitimi ve Sporun Fizyolojik Temelleri, Çev: Cerit, M., Bağırgan Yayımevi, Ankara, 1990.
• Tamer, K., Sporda Fiziksel Fizyolojik Performansın Ölçülmesi ve Değerlendirilmesi, Bağırgan Yayımevi, Ankara, 2000.
• Carol, E.G., Julie, S., Mckinney, M.S., Richard, A., Carleton, M.D., “Is Aerobic Dance an Effective Alternative to Walk-Jog Exercise Training” The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 32(2), pp. 136-141, 1992.
• Saçaklı, H., Öztürk, M., Saçaklı, M., “Aerobik Egzersiz ve Diyetin Obez Bayanlarda Antropometrik ölçümlere ve Solunum Parametrelerine Etkisi”, Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 32, pp. 43-53,1997.
• Nindl, B.C., Harman, E.A., Marx, J.O., Gotshalk, L.A., “Regional Body Composition Changes in Women After 6 Months of Periodized Physical Training”, Journal of Applied Physiology, 88(6), pp. 2251-2259, 2000.
• Suzuki, I., Yamada, H., Sugiura, T., “Cardiovascular Fitness, Physical Activity and Selected Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Adults”, The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 38, pp. 149-157, 1998.
• Amano, M., Kanda, T., Maritani, T., “Exercise Training and Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Obese Individuals”, Medicine Science in Sports Exercise, 33(8), pp. 1287-1291, 2001.
• Lorei, G.S., Ballard, J.E., Mckeown, B.C., Zinkgraft, S.A., “Body Composition Alterations Consequent to an Exercise Program for Pre and Postmenopausal Women” Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 30(4), pp. 426-433, 1990.
• Szmedra, L., Lemura, L.M., Shearn, W.M., “Exercise Tolerance, Body Composition and Blood Lipids in Obese African-American Women Following Short-Term Training”, The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 38, pp. 59-65,1998.
• Donnelly, J.E., Hill, J.O., Jacobson, D.J., Potteigor, J., Sullivan, D.K., Johnson, S.L., Heelan, K., Hise, M., “Effects of a 16 Month Randomized Controlled Exercise Trial on Body Weight and Composition in Young, Overweight Men and Women: The Midwest Exercise Trial”, Arch.Intern. Med., 163(11), pp. 1343-1350, 2003.
• Suzuki, S., Urata, G., Ishida, Y., Kanahisa, H., Yamamura, M. “Influences of Low Intensity Exercise on Body Composition, Food Intake and Aerobic Power of Sedentary Young Females”, Appl. Human Sci., 17(6), pp. 259-266, 1998.
• Glass, J.N., Miller, W.C., Szymanski, L.M., Fernhall, B., Durstire, J.L. “Physiological Responses to Weight-Loss Intervention in Inactive Obese African- American and Caucasian Women”, J. Sport Med. Phys. Fitness, 42(1), pp. 56-64, 2002.
• Bryner, R.W., Ullrich, I.H., Saueres, J., Donley, D., Hornsby, G., Kolar, M., Yeater, R. “Effects of Resistance and Aerobic Training Combined with an 800 Calorie Liquid Diet on Lean Body Mass and Resting Metabolic Rate”, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 18(2), pp. 115-121, 1999.
• Donelly, J.E., Pronk, N.P., Jacobsan, D.J., Pronk, S.J., Jakicic, I.M. “Effects of Very-Low Calorie Diet and Physical Training Regimens on Body Composition and Resting Metabolic Rate in Obese Females”, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 54, pp. 56-61, 1991.
• Froidevanx, F., Schutz, Y., Chritin, L., Jequirer, E. “Energy Expenditure in Obese Women Before and During Weight Loss After Refeeding and in the Weight-Relapse Period”, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 57, pp. 35-42, 1993.
• Okyar, M., Yaşayan Kalbiniz ve Siz, Timaş Yayınları, İstanbul, 1998.
• Ponje, G.A.E.P., Janssen, E.M.E., Hermans,J., Mersch, J., “Regular Physical Activity and Changes in Risk Factors For Coronary Heart Disease: A Nine Months Prospective Study”, Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem, 34, pp. 477-483, 1996.
• Elosua, R., Molina, L., Fito, M., Arquer, A., “Response of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers to a 16 Week Aerobic Physical Activity Program and to Acute Physical Activity in Healthy Young Men and Women”, Atherosclerosis, 167(2), pp.327-334, 2003.
• Miller, E.R., Erlinger, T.P., Young, D.R., Jehn, M., Charleston, J., Rhodes, D., Wason, S.K., Appel, L.J., “Result of the Diet, Exercise and Weight Loss Intervention Trial (DEW-IT)”, Hypertension, 40(5), pp. 612-618, 2002.
• Imamura, H., Katagiri, S., Uchid, K., Miyamato, N., Nakaro, H., Shirota, T., “Acute Effects of Moderate Exercise on Serum Lipids, Lipoproteins and Apolipoproteins in Sedentary Young Women”, Clin. Exp. Pharmacol Physiol, 27(12), pp. 975-979, 2000.
• LeMura, L.M., VonDuvillard, S.P., Andreacci, J., Klebez, J.M., Chelland, S.A., Russo, J., “Lipid and Lipoprotein Profiles, Cardiovascular Fitness, Body Composition and Diet During and After Resistance, Aerobic and Combination Training in Young Women”, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol, 82(5-6), pp. 451-458, 2000.
• Boreham, C.A., Wallace, W.F., Nevill, A., “Training Effects of Accumulated Daily Stair-Climbing Exercise in Previously Sedentary Young Women”, Prev. Med., 30(4), pp. 277-281, 2000.
• Sternfeld, B., Sidney, S., Jacobs, D.R., Sadler, M.C., Haskell, W.L., Schreiner, P.J., “Seven Year Changes in Physical Fitness, Physical Activity and Lipids Profile in the Cardial Study. Coronary Artery Risk Developmant in Young Adults”, Ann. Epidemiol, 9(1), pp. 25-33, 1999.
• Furukawa, F., Kazuma, K., Kawa, M., Miyashita, M., Niiro, K., Kusukawa, R., Kojima, M., “Effects of an off-site Walking Program on Energy Expenditure Serum Lipids and Glucose Metabolism in Middle-Aged Women”, Biol. Res. Nurs., 4(3), pp. 181-192, 2003.
• Lloyd, T., Chinchilli, V.M., Rollings, N., Kieselhorst, K., Tregea, D.F., Henderson, N.A., Sinoway, L.I., “ Fruit Consumption, Fitness and Cardiovascular Health in Female Adolescants: The Penn State Young Women’s Health Study”, Am., J., Clin., Nutr., 67(4), pp. 624-630, 1998.
• Hata, K., Hata, T., Miyazaki, K., Kunishi, H., Masuda, J., “Effect of Regular Aerobic Exercise on Cerebrovascular Tone in Young Women”, Ultrasound. Med., 17(2), pp. 133-136, 1998.
• Xi, X.R., Qureshi, I.A., Wu, X.D., Khan, I.H., Huang, Y.B., Shiarkar, E., “The Effect of Exercise Training on Physical Fitness and Plasma Lipids in Young Chinese Men And Women”, Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei), 59(6), pp. 341-347, 1997.
• Ergen, N., Sanrı, M., Köseoğlu, S., Arı, Ö., Kırım, S., Sert, M., “Fazla Kilolu Kadınlarda İki Farklı Egzersiz Modelinin Kilo Verme ve Kan Lipid Profili Üzerine Etkisi”, 7. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Kongresi, 27-29 Ekim 2002.
• Katzmarzyk, P.T., Leon, A.S., Rankinen, T., Gagnon, J., “Changes in Blood Lipids Consequent to Aerobic Exercise Training Related to Changes in Body Fatness and Aerobic Fitness”, Metabolism, 50(7), pp. 841-848, 2001.
• Erkan, N., Yaşam Boyu Spor, Bağırgan Yayımevi, Ankara, 1998.
• Williams, P.T., “Health Effects Resultingfrom Exercise Versus Those From Body Fat Loss”, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(6), pp. 611-621, 2001.