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KOŞUCULARIN ULTRA-MARATON ETKİNLİKLERİNE KATILMALARINDAKİ MOTİVASYONEL BOYUTLAR VE BU BOYUTLARIN ONLARIN YAŞAM DOYUMLARI VE BAŞARI ALGILARIYLA KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 177 - 187, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.531348

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı koşucuların ultra-maraton etkinliklerine
katılmalarındaki motivasyonel boyutlar ve bu boyutların onların yaşam doyumları
ve başarı algılarının üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Araştırmanın
örneklemini, 2018 yılındaki Efes, Frig, Sapanca ve BodRun Ultra Maraton
etkinlikleri arasından rastgele seçilen %31,1 erkek (n: 96) ve %68,9 kadın (n: 213)
koşucular oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Diener et al.
(1985) tarafından geliştirilen “Yaşam Doyum Ölçeği”, Bilgin ve Kaynak (2008)
tarafından geliştirilen “Başarı Algısı Ölçeği” ve Çalışkan (2018) tarafından
geliştirilen “Kişileri Ultra Maraton Koşmaya Motive Eden Faktörler Ölçeği”
kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler, korelasyon analizi, Kruskall
Wallis ve Mann Whitney U Test ile test edilmiştir.  Sonuçlara göre ultra-maraton koşucuların
motivasyonunun hem başarı algısı hem de yaşam doyumu arasında anlamlı ve orta
düzeyde bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Analiz sonuçlarında, “Kişileri Ultra
Maraton Koşmaya Motive Eden Faktörler Ölçeği” (UMMÖ) alt boyutlarının cinsiyet,
medeni durum, yaş ve gelir düzeyi arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki
bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, ultra-maraton koşucularının motivasyon boyutlarının
yaşam doyumları ve başarı algıları üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkisi
mevcuttur. Sonuçlar ayrıca, koşucuların motivasyon alt boyutlarından öz saygı,
psikolojik baş etme ve hayatı anlamlandırma ile erkek katılımcılar arasında;
tanınırlık ve başkaları ile rekabet alt boyutları ile bekâr katılımcılar
arasında; başkaları ile rekabet alt boyutlarıyla yaşlı katılımcılar arasında;
ait olma sosyalleşme ve başkaları ile rekabet alt boyutları ile gelir düzeyi yüksek
katılımcılar arasında anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığını göstermiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Çalışkan, A. (2018). Kişileri ultra maraton koşmaya motive eden faktörler ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve bu faktörlerin katılımcıların yaşam doyumları ve başarı algılarıyla karşılaştırılması (Yayımlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Hareket ve Antrenman Anabilim Dalı, Antalya.
  • Deaner R.O., Masters K.S., Ogles, B.M., La Caille R.A. (2011). Marathon performance as a predictor of competitiveness and training in men and women. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 34, 325–42.
  • Didier S., Vauthier J., Gambier N., Renaud P., Chenuel B., Posse M. (2017). Substance use and misuse in a mountain ultramarathon: new insight into ultrarunners population? Research in Sports Medicine, 25(2), 244-251.
  • Doppelmayr M., Molkenthin A, (2004). Motivation of participants in adventure ultramarathons compared to other foot races. Biology of Sport, 21, 319-323.
  • Ferrer D.A., Brandenberger K., Baumann C.W., Otis J.S. (2015). Physical motivation influences race performance over a 24-hour ultra-marathon. International Journal of Sport Studies, 5(10), 1162-1169.
  • Frick B. (2011). Gender differences in competitive orientations: empirical evidence from ultramarathon running. Journal of Sports Economics, 12(3), 317–340.
  • Havenar J., Lochbaum M. (2007). Differences in participation motives of first-time marathon finishers and pre-race dropouts. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 30, 270–9.
  • Hoffman M.D., Krouse R. (2018). Ultra-obligatory running among ultramarathon runners. Research in Sports Medicine, 26(2), 211–221.
  • Hoffman M.D., Ong J.C., Wang G. (2010). historical analysis of participation in 161 km ultramarathons in north America. International Journal of History Sport, 27(11),1877–1891.
  • Hughes S., Case H.S., Stuempfle K., Evans D. (2003). Personality profiles of iditasport ultra-marathon participants. Journal Apply Sport Psychology, 15(3), 256–261.
  • Klapcińska B., Waśkiewicz Z., Chrapusta S.J., Sadowska-Krępa E., Czuba M., Langfort J. (2013). Metabolic responses to a 48-h ultra-marathon run in middle-aged male amateur runners. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113(11), 2781-2793.
  • Knechtle B., Rüst C.A., Rosemann T. (2013). “The Aspect of Nationality in Participation and Performance in Ultra-Marathon Running – A Comparison Between “Badwater” And “Spartathlon”. OA Sports Medicine, 1(1), 1. Knechtle B., Rüst C.A., Rosemann T., Lepers R. (2011). Age-related changes in 100-km ultra-marathon running performance. Age, 34(4), 1033-1045.
  • Krouse R.Z, Ransdell L.B, Lucas S.M., Pritchard M.E. (2011). Motivation, goal orientation, coaching, and training habits of women ultrarunners. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25, 2835-2842.
  • Mahan J.E., Seo W.J., Jordan J.S., Funk D. (2015). Exploring the impact of social networking sites on running involvement, running behaviour, and social life satisfaction. Sport Management Review, 18(2), 182-192.
  • Martínez S., Aguiló A., Moreno C., Lozano L., Tauler P. (2017). Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among participants in a mountain ultramarathon event”. Sports, 5(1), 11.
  • Martinez S., Aguilo A., Rodas L., Lozano L., Moreno C., Tauler P. (2017). Energy, macronutrient and water intake during a mountain ultramarathon event: the influence of distance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(3), 333-339.
  • Masters K.S., Ogles B.M. (1995). An investigation of the different motivations of marathon runners with varying degrees of experience. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 18, 69–79.
  • Ogles B., Masters, K. (2000). “Older vs younger adult male marathon runners: participative motives and training habits”. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 23, 130-143.
  • Roberts G.C. (2012). Motivation in sport and exercise from an achievement goal theory perspective: after 30 years, where are we? In: Roberts GC, Treasure DC (eds) Advances in motivation in sport and exercise, 3rd edition. Human Kinetics, Champaign, 5–58.
  • Rundfeldt L.C., Maggioni M.A., Coker R.H., Gunga H., Riveros-Rivera A., Schalt A., Steinach M. (2018). “Cardiac Autonomic Modulations and Psychological Correlates in the Yukon Arctic Ultra: The Longest and the Coldest Ultramarathon”. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 35.
  • Sato M., Jordan J.S., Funk D.C. (2015). Distance running events and life satisfaction: a longitudinal study. Journal of Sport Management, 29(4), 347-361.
  • Schütz U., Billich C., Schoss D., Beer M., Ellermann J. (2017). MRI cartilage assessment of the subtalar and midtarsal joints during a transcontinental ultramarathon – new insights into human locomotion. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(1), 37-49.
  • Sessoms D. (1993). Parks and recreation: our growing invisible population. Parks and Recreation, 27, 62-65.
  • Sit C.H., Lindner K.J. (2006). Situational state balances and participation motivation in youth sport; a reversal theory perspective. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76:369-384.
  • Stoll O, Wuerth S, Ogles B. (2000). Participation motives of marathon and ultramarathon runners. Sportwissenschaft, 30, 54-67.
  • Subedi Y. (2017). Around manaslu ultramarathon: diarrhea is still the king. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 28(4), 375.
  • Waśkiewicz Z., Nikolaidis P., Chalabaev A., Rosemann T., Knechtle B. (2018). Motivation in ultra-marathon runners. Psychology Research and Behaviour Management, 12, 31–37.
  • www.maraton.istanbul (2019). Sonuçlar, https://www.maraton.istanbul/kopyasi-sonuclar-1 adresinden elde edildi. Erişim tarihi: 28.03.2019
  • Zach S., Xia Y., Zeev A., Arnon M., Choresh N., Tenenbaum G. (2017). Motivation dimensions for running a marathon: A new model emerging from the motivation of marathon Scale (MOMS). Journal of Sport and Health Science, 6(3), 302-310.
  • Ziegler S.G. (1991). Perceived benefits of marathon running in males and females. Sex Roles, 25, 119–27.

RUNNERS’ MOTIVATIONAL DIMENSIONS FOR PARTICIPATION IN THE ULTRA-MARATHON EVENTS AND THE COMPARISON OF THESE FACTORS WITH THEIR LIFE SATISFACTION AND SUCCESS PERCEPTIONS

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 177 - 187, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.531348

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine runners’
motivation factors to participate in the ultra-marathon events and the
comparison of these factors with their life satisfaction and success
perceptions. The sample of the study were 31.1
% male (n: 96) and 68.9 % female (n: 213) participants who are randomly selected from Efes,
Frig, Sapanca and BodRun Ultra Marathon Events in 2018. In the research, “Life
Satisfaction Scale” is improved by Diener et al (1985), “Achievement Perception
Scale” is improved by Bilgin and Kaynak and “The Motivational Factor Scale for
Participating Ultra Marathon-UMMO” is improved by Caliskan (2018).



The relations between variables are tested with
correlation analysis
Kruskall Wallis and Mann Whitney U Test. The results show that the motivation of the
ultra-marathon runners were a significant and moderate relationship between both
achievement perception and life satisfaction. In the results of the analysis, a
positive and significant relationship was found between gender, marital status,
age and income level of UMMO sub-dimensions.

Kaynakça

  • Çalışkan, A. (2018). Kişileri ultra maraton koşmaya motive eden faktörler ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve bu faktörlerin katılımcıların yaşam doyumları ve başarı algılarıyla karşılaştırılması (Yayımlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Hareket ve Antrenman Anabilim Dalı, Antalya.
  • Deaner R.O., Masters K.S., Ogles, B.M., La Caille R.A. (2011). Marathon performance as a predictor of competitiveness and training in men and women. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 34, 325–42.
  • Didier S., Vauthier J., Gambier N., Renaud P., Chenuel B., Posse M. (2017). Substance use and misuse in a mountain ultramarathon: new insight into ultrarunners population? Research in Sports Medicine, 25(2), 244-251.
  • Doppelmayr M., Molkenthin A, (2004). Motivation of participants in adventure ultramarathons compared to other foot races. Biology of Sport, 21, 319-323.
  • Ferrer D.A., Brandenberger K., Baumann C.W., Otis J.S. (2015). Physical motivation influences race performance over a 24-hour ultra-marathon. International Journal of Sport Studies, 5(10), 1162-1169.
  • Frick B. (2011). Gender differences in competitive orientations: empirical evidence from ultramarathon running. Journal of Sports Economics, 12(3), 317–340.
  • Havenar J., Lochbaum M. (2007). Differences in participation motives of first-time marathon finishers and pre-race dropouts. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 30, 270–9.
  • Hoffman M.D., Krouse R. (2018). Ultra-obligatory running among ultramarathon runners. Research in Sports Medicine, 26(2), 211–221.
  • Hoffman M.D., Ong J.C., Wang G. (2010). historical analysis of participation in 161 km ultramarathons in north America. International Journal of History Sport, 27(11),1877–1891.
  • Hughes S., Case H.S., Stuempfle K., Evans D. (2003). Personality profiles of iditasport ultra-marathon participants. Journal Apply Sport Psychology, 15(3), 256–261.
  • Klapcińska B., Waśkiewicz Z., Chrapusta S.J., Sadowska-Krępa E., Czuba M., Langfort J. (2013). Metabolic responses to a 48-h ultra-marathon run in middle-aged male amateur runners. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113(11), 2781-2793.
  • Knechtle B., Rüst C.A., Rosemann T. (2013). “The Aspect of Nationality in Participation and Performance in Ultra-Marathon Running – A Comparison Between “Badwater” And “Spartathlon”. OA Sports Medicine, 1(1), 1. Knechtle B., Rüst C.A., Rosemann T., Lepers R. (2011). Age-related changes in 100-km ultra-marathon running performance. Age, 34(4), 1033-1045.
  • Krouse R.Z, Ransdell L.B, Lucas S.M., Pritchard M.E. (2011). Motivation, goal orientation, coaching, and training habits of women ultrarunners. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25, 2835-2842.
  • Mahan J.E., Seo W.J., Jordan J.S., Funk D. (2015). Exploring the impact of social networking sites on running involvement, running behaviour, and social life satisfaction. Sport Management Review, 18(2), 182-192.
  • Martínez S., Aguiló A., Moreno C., Lozano L., Tauler P. (2017). Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among participants in a mountain ultramarathon event”. Sports, 5(1), 11.
  • Martinez S., Aguilo A., Rodas L., Lozano L., Moreno C., Tauler P. (2017). Energy, macronutrient and water intake during a mountain ultramarathon event: the influence of distance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(3), 333-339.
  • Masters K.S., Ogles B.M. (1995). An investigation of the different motivations of marathon runners with varying degrees of experience. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 18, 69–79.
  • Ogles B., Masters, K. (2000). “Older vs younger adult male marathon runners: participative motives and training habits”. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 23, 130-143.
  • Roberts G.C. (2012). Motivation in sport and exercise from an achievement goal theory perspective: after 30 years, where are we? In: Roberts GC, Treasure DC (eds) Advances in motivation in sport and exercise, 3rd edition. Human Kinetics, Champaign, 5–58.
  • Rundfeldt L.C., Maggioni M.A., Coker R.H., Gunga H., Riveros-Rivera A., Schalt A., Steinach M. (2018). “Cardiac Autonomic Modulations and Psychological Correlates in the Yukon Arctic Ultra: The Longest and the Coldest Ultramarathon”. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 35.
  • Sato M., Jordan J.S., Funk D.C. (2015). Distance running events and life satisfaction: a longitudinal study. Journal of Sport Management, 29(4), 347-361.
  • Schütz U., Billich C., Schoss D., Beer M., Ellermann J. (2017). MRI cartilage assessment of the subtalar and midtarsal joints during a transcontinental ultramarathon – new insights into human locomotion. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(1), 37-49.
  • Sessoms D. (1993). Parks and recreation: our growing invisible population. Parks and Recreation, 27, 62-65.
  • Sit C.H., Lindner K.J. (2006). Situational state balances and participation motivation in youth sport; a reversal theory perspective. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76:369-384.
  • Stoll O, Wuerth S, Ogles B. (2000). Participation motives of marathon and ultramarathon runners. Sportwissenschaft, 30, 54-67.
  • Subedi Y. (2017). Around manaslu ultramarathon: diarrhea is still the king. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 28(4), 375.
  • Waśkiewicz Z., Nikolaidis P., Chalabaev A., Rosemann T., Knechtle B. (2018). Motivation in ultra-marathon runners. Psychology Research and Behaviour Management, 12, 31–37.
  • www.maraton.istanbul (2019). Sonuçlar, https://www.maraton.istanbul/kopyasi-sonuclar-1 adresinden elde edildi. Erişim tarihi: 28.03.2019
  • Zach S., Xia Y., Zeev A., Arnon M., Choresh N., Tenenbaum G. (2017). Motivation dimensions for running a marathon: A new model emerging from the motivation of marathon Scale (MOMS). Journal of Sport and Health Science, 6(3), 302-310.
  • Ziegler S.G. (1991). Perceived benefits of marathon running in males and females. Sex Roles, 25, 119–27.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Arif Çetin

Cemal Özman 0000-0003-2812-1106

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çetin, A., & Özman, C. (2019). KOŞUCULARIN ULTRA-MARATON ETKİNLİKLERİNE KATILMALARINDAKİ MOTİVASYONEL BOYUTLAR VE BU BOYUTLARIN ONLARIN YAŞAM DOYUMLARI VE BAŞARI ALGILARIYLA KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2), 177-187. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.531348

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