YÜKSEK ŞİDDETLİ İNTERVAL ANTRENMAN PROGRAMININ FİZYOLOJİK PARAMETRELER VE SOLUNUM KAS KUVVETİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4, 211 - 219, 30.12.2019

Özgür Bostancı Muhammet Hakan Mayda Mehmet İsmail Tosun Menderes Kabadayı

https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.605119

Cited By: 1

Öz

Yüksek şiddetli interval antrenman (YŞİA) ve
geleneksel antrenman yöntemleri ile ilgili sedanterler ve sporcularda birçok
çalışma yapılmasına rağmen elit atletlerde solunum kas kuvvetine etkisi ile
ilgili olarak yapılan ilk çalışmadır. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmanın amacı YŞİA metodunun
ve geleneksel atletizm antrenman programının solunum kaslarına ve bazı fizyolojik
parametrelere etkisini inceleyerek aralarındaki farkı araştırmaktır.
Araştırmaya 18-22 yaş aralığında 16 elit atlet gönüllü olarak katılmıştır.
Sporcular, çift kör deney dizaynı kullanılarak deney (n:8, YŞİA) ve kontrol
(n:8, geleneksel) olmak üzere rastgele iki gruba ayrılmıştır.  Deneklere antrenman programı öncesi ve
sonrasında boy
uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ), anaerobik güç, aerobik
kapasite, maksimal inspiratuar basınç
(MIP), maksimal ekspiratuar basınç (MEP), dinlenik kalp atım, esneklik
ve durarak uzun atlama testleri uygulanmıştır. Ön-son test farkları için bağımlı örneklem
t testi, gruplara göre değişimi belirlemek için bağımsız örneklem t testi
kullanılmıştır. YŞİA ve geleneksel
atletizm antrenmanları sonrasında tüm parametrelerde anlamlı artış görülmüştür
(p<0,05). İki antrenman grubundaki yüzdesel değişimler karşılaştırıldığında
ise esneklik dışında tüm parametrelerde deney grubu lehine istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı gelişim elde edilmiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak, elit atletlerde 6 haftalık YŞİA’nın
geleneksel atletizm antrenman programına göre solunum kas kuvvetine ve diğer fizyolojik parametrelere olumlu
etkisinin daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. YŞİA’nın sporcuların fizyolojik
uyum düzeyinde kısa sürede olumlu yanıt verdiği göz önüne alındığında elit sporcular arasındaki rekabete olumlu katkılar sağlayacağı
düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca solunum kasları ile ilgili elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar
literatüre önemli katkılar sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yüksek şidddetli interval antrenman, atlet, solunum kası

THE EFFECT OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING PROGRAM ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND RESPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGTH

Öz

Although a great number of studies have been conducted
on sedentary individuals and athletes related to high intensity interval
training (HIIT) and traditional training methods, this is the first study on
the effect of high intensity interval training on respiratory muscle strength
in elite athletes. In this respect, the aim of this study is to investigate the
effect of HIIT method and traditional athletics training program on respiratory
muscles and some physiological parameters and to analyze the difference between
them. 16 elite athletes aged between 18 and 22 participated in the study
voluntarily. The athletes were randomly divided into two groups: experimental
(n: 8, HIIT) and control (n: 8, traditional) using double-blind experimental
design. Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), anaerobic power, aerobic
capacity, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure
(MEP), resting heart rate, flexibility and standing long jump tests were
applied to the subjects before and after the training program. Paired Samples T
test was used for pre and post-test differences and Independent Samples T test
was used to determine the change according to groups. Significant increase was
observed in all parameters after HITT and traditional athletics training
(p<0,05). When the percentage changes in the two training groups were
compared, statistically significant improvement was found in favour of the
experimental group in all parameters except flexibility (p<0,05). As a
result, it was found that 6-week-long HIIT caused more positive effects on
respiratory muscle strength and other physiological parameters than traditional
athletics training program in elite athletes. Considering that HIIT responds
positively to the physiological adaptation level of the athletes in a short
time, it is thought that it will make a positive contribution to the
competition among elite athletes. In addition, our results on respiratory
muscles can make important contributions to the literature. 

Kaynakça

• Akgül, M.Ş., Gürses, V.V., Karabıyık, H., Koz, M. (2016). İki haftalık yüksek şiddetli interval antrenmanın kadınların aerobik göstergeleri üzerine etkisi. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 4 (Special Issue 1), 298-305.
• Akgül, M.Ş., Koz, M., Gürses, V.V., Kürkçü, R. (2017). Yüksek şiddetli interval antrenman. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(2), 39-46.
• Astorino, T.A., Allen, R.P., Roberson, D.W., Jurancich, M. (2012). Effect of high-intensity interval training on cardiovascular function, VO2max, and muscular force. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(1), 138-145.
• Ayan, V., Mülazimoğlu, O. (2009). Sporda yetenek seçimi ve spora yönlendirmede 8-10 yaş grubu erkek çocuklarının fiziksel özelliklerinin ve bazı performans profillerinin incelenmesi (Ankara Örneği). FÜ Sağ. Bil. Tıp Derg, 23(3), 113-118.
• Babraj, J.A., Vollaard, N.B., Keast, C., Guppy, F.M., Cottrell, G., Tımmons, J.A. (2009). Extremely short duration high intensity interval training substantially improves insulin action in young healthy males. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 9(3),18-22.
• Badaam Khaled, M., Munibuddin, A., Khan, S. T., Choudhari, S. P., Doiphode, R. (2013). Effect of traditional aerobic exercises versus sprint interval training on pulmonary function tests in young sedentary males: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 7(9), 1890.
• Bartlett, J.D., Hwa Joo, C., Jeong, T.S., Louhelainen, J., Cochran, A.J., Gibala, M.J., Gregson, W., Close, G.L., Drust, B., Morton, J.P. (2012). Matched work high-intensity interval and continuous running induce similar increases in PGC-1α mRNA, AMPK, p38, and p53 phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(7), 1135-1143.
• Bayati, M., Farzad, B., Gharakhanlou, R., Agha-Alinejad, H. (2011). A practical model of low-volume high-intensity interval training induces performance and metabolic adaptations that resemble ‘all-out’sprint interval training. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 10(3), 571.
• Bompa, T.O., Haff, G.G. (2015). Dönemleme: Antrenman kuramı ve yöntemi. Çev. Tanju Bağırgan), Beşinci Basım, Ankara: Spor Yayınevi ve Kitabevi.
• Bostanci, Ö., Mayda, H., Yılmaz, C., Kabadayı, M., Yılmaz, A. K., Özdal, M. (2019). Inspiratory muscle training improves pulmonary functions and respiratory muscle strength in healthy male smokers. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 264, 28-32.
• Bostanci, O., Ozdal, M., Mayda, H., Kabadayi, M. (2017). The effect of preparation period trainings on respiratory muscle strength of hearing impaired judokas. Archives of Budo Science of Martial Arts and Extreme Sports, 13, 97-102.
• Buchheit, M., Laursen, P.B. (2013). High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle. Sports Medicine, 43(10), 927-954.
• Colakoglu, T., Er, F., Ipekoglu, G., Karacan, S., Colakoglu, F.F., Zorba, E. (2014). Evaluation of physical, physiological and some performance parameters of the turkish elite orienteers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 152, 403-408.
• Daussin, F.N., Ponsot, E., Dufour, S.P., Lonsdorfer-Wolf, E., Doutreleau, S., Geny, B., Piquard, F., Richard, R. (2007). Improvement of vo2 max; by cardiac output and oxygen extraction adaptation during intermittent versus continuous endurance training. Eur J Appl Physiol, 101, 377–83.
• Dunham, C., Harms, C.A. (2012). Effects of high-intensity interval training on pulmonary function. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(8), 3061-3068.
• Fox, E.L., Bowers, R.W., Foss, M.L. (1999). Physiological foundations of physical education and sports. Beden Eğitimi ve Sporun Fizyolojik Temelleri. Ankara: Bağırgan Yayınevi.
• Gibala, M.J., Little, J.P., MacDonald, M.J., Hawley, J.A. (2012). Physiological adaptations to low‐volume, high‐intensity interval training in health and disease. The Journal of Physiology, 590(5), 1077-1084.
• Girard, J., Feng, B., Chapman, C. (2018). The effects of high-intensity interval training on athletic performance measures: a systematic review. Physical Therapy Reviews, 23(2), 151-160.
• Gist, N.H., Fedewa, M.V., Dishman, R.K., Cureton, K.J. (2014). Sprint interval training effects on aerobic capacity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 44(2), 269-279.
• Issurin, V.B. (2010). New horizons for the methodology and physiology of training periodization. Sports Medicine, 40(3), 189-206.
• Janssens, L., Brumagne, S., McConnell, A.K., Raymaekers, J., Goossens, N., Gayan-Ramirez, G., Troosters, T. (2013). The assessment of inspiratory muscle fatigue in healthy individuals: a systematic review. Respiratory Medicine, 107(3), 331-346.
• Lang, J.J., Belanger, K., Poitras, V., Janssen, I., Tomkinson, G. R., Tremblay, M.S. (2018). Systematic review of the relationship between 20 m shuttle run performance and health indicators among children and youth. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 21(4), 383-397.
• Little, J.P., Safdar, A., Cermak, N., Tarnopolsky, M.A., Gibala, M.J. (2010). Acute endurance exercise increases the nuclear abundance of PGC-1α in trained human skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 298(4), 912-917.
• Mayda, M.H., Karakoc, O., Ozdal, M. (2016). The investigation of some physical, physiological and anthropometric parameters of visually impaired and non-impaired a national male judoka. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 4(6), 192-198.
• McConnell, A. (2011). Breathe strong, perform better. United States of America: Human Kinetics.
• McKay, B.R., Paterson, D.H., Kowalchuk, J.M. (2009). Effect of short-term high-intensity interval training vs. continuous training on O2 uptake kinetics, muscle deoxygenation, and exercise performance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 107(1), 128-138.
• Mcmillan, K., Helgerud, J., Macdonald, R., Hoff, J. (2005). Physiological adaptations to soccer specific endurance training in professional youth soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(5), 273-277.
• Milanović, Z., Sporiš, G., Weston, M. (2015). Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIT) and continuous endurance training for VO 2max improvements: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Sports Medicine, 45(10), 1469-1481.
• Oliveira, L.P., Lawless, C.E. (2010). Hypertension update and cardiovascular risk reduction in physically active individuals and athletes. The Physician and Sports Medicine, 38(1), 11-20.
• Pamuk, Ö., Kaplan, T., Taşkın, H., Erkmen, N. (2008). Basketbolcularda bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik parametrelerin farklı liglere göre incelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 141-144.
• Revan, S., Balcı, Ş.S., Pepe, H., Aydoğmuş, M. (2008). Sürekli ve interval koşu antrenmanlarının vücut kompozisyonu ve aerobik kapasite üzerine etkileri. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(4), 193-197.
• Samuel, G.J., Martınez, N., Campbel,l B.I. (2013). The impact of high-intensity interval training on metabolic syndrome. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 35(2): 63-65.
• Sarıtaş, N., Hayta, Ü., Kaya, M. (2018). Erkek judocu ve haltercilerin bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik bulgularının incelenmesi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(4), 200-211.
• Sever, M.O., Cıcıoglu, H.I. (2018). The Effect of the interval training during 8-week preparation period on the athletic performances of 9-12 year old swimmers. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 6(1), 113-125.
• Tong, T. K., McConnell, A. K., Lin, H., Nie, J., Zhang, H., Wang, J. (2016). “Functional” inspiratory and core muscle training enhances running performance and economy. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(10), 2942-2951.
• Vanderburg, H., Bracko, M. (2013). YŞİA and cardio research to practice: more than tabata-the YŞİA protokol work-out experiences. ACSM's, 17, 12-15.
• Whyte, L.J., Gill, J.M., Cathcart, A.J. (2010). Effect of 2 weeks of sprint interval training on health-related outcomes in sedentary overweight/obese men. Metabolism, 59(10), 1421-1428.