AMATÖR BİSİKLETÇİLERDE BOYUN AĞRISINA NEDEN OLABİLECEK FAKTÖRLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: SORGULANMASI GEREKEN PARAMETRELER

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 117 - 125, 30.06.2022

Bengü Altunan Kübra Ustaömer Cigdem Deniz Banu Sarıfakıoglu

https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1033205

Öz

Bisiklete binme tüm dünyada popüler hale gelmiş olan egzersizlerden biridir. Bu çalışmada profesyonel bir destek almayan amatör bisikletçilerde boyun ağrısı için risk faktörlerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Bisiklet gruplarının internet üzerindeki sosyal ağlarında bireylerin demografik özelliklerini, bisiklet kullanım özelliklerini, bisiklete binme alışkanlıklarını, Bournemouth Boyun Anketini (BBA), dinlenme ve bisiklet kullanımı esnasındaki boyun ağrısı şiddetini sorgulayan yapılandırılmış bir anket paylaşıldı. Veriler toplandı ve analiz edildi. Yirmi yedi (%25,7) kişi kriterleri karşılamaması nedeni ile çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Yetmiş sekiz bisiklet kullanıcısının analiz sonuçlarında, haftada 10 saatten fazla bisiklet süren bireylerin ortalama BBA değerinin 1-5 ve 5-10 saat bisiklet süren bisikletçilere gore anlamlı derecede düşük olduğu gözlendi (p<0,001). Multivariate lojistik regresyon analizinde ise dağ bisikleti kullanımının (OR=0,147; p=0,033) ve 10-20 saat arasında (OR=0,022; p=0,005) bisiklet kullanım süresinin boyun ağrısı açısından en düşük riske sahip olduğu tespit edildi. Kişiye özel bisiklet ayarlamalarının (bike-fit) boyun ağrısına etkisinin olmadığı gözlemlendi (p=0,5). Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına gore amatör bisikletçilerde boyun ağrısını önlemek için haftalık kullanım süresinin 10-20 saat arasında tutularak düzensiz, az veya aşırı kullanımdan kaçınması ve boyun ağrısı olan bireylerin dağ bisikletine yönelmesi önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bisiklet sporu, amatör bisikletçiler, boyun ağrısı

EVALUATION OF FACTORS THAT MAY CAUSE NECK PAIN IN AMATEUR CYCLISTS: PARAMETERS TO BE QUESTIONED

Öz

Cycling is one of the exercises that has become popular all over the world. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors for neck pain in amateur cyclists who did not receive professional support. A structured questionnaire including demographic and cycling characteristics, cycling habits, Bournemouth Neck Questionnaire (BNQ), visual analogue scales measuring neck pain severity during rest and cycling was shared on the social networks of cycling groups. Data were collected and analyzed. Twenty-seven (25,7%) people were excluded from the study because they did not meet the criteria. In the analysis of 78 cyclists, it was observed that the mean BNQ value in individuals who cycled for more than 10 hours a week was significantly lower than those who cycled for 1-5 and 5-10 hours (p<0,001). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was determined that mountain bike use (OR=0,147; p=0,033) and cycling between 10-20 hours (OR=0,022; p=0,005) had the lowest risk in terms of neck pain. It was observed that personalized cycling adjustments (bike-fit) had no effect on neck pain (p=0,5). According to the results of our study, in order to prevent neck pain in amateur cyclists, it may be recommended to keep the weekly usage time between 10-20 hours, to avoid irregular, under- or excessive use, and to turn to mountain bikes for individuals with neck pain.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cycling, amateur cyclists, neck pain

Kaynakça

• Asplund, C., Webb, C., Barkdull, T. (2005). Neck and back pain in bicycling. Curr Sports Med Rep, 4(5), 271-274. doi:10.1097/01.csmr.0000306221.25551.69
• Bjørnarå, H. B., Berntsen, S., Te Velde, S. J., Fegran, L., Fyhri, A., Deforche, B., et al. (2017). From cars to bikes- the feasibility and effect of using e-bikes, longtail bikes and traditional bikes for transportation among parents of children attending kinder garten: design of a randomized cross-over trial. BMC Public Health, 28(1), 981. doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4995-z
• Bobos, P., MacDermid, J. C., Walton, D. M., Gross, A., Santaguida, P. L. (2018). Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Used for Neck Disorders: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 48(10), 775-788. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.8131
• Bolton, J. E., Humphreys, B. K. (2002). The Bournemouth Questionnaire: a short-form comprehensive outcome measure. II. Psychometric properties in neck pain patients. J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 25(3), 141-148. doi:10.1067/mmt.2002.123333
• Dahlquist, M., Leisz, M. C., Finkelstein, M. (2015). The club-level roadcyclist: injury, pain, and performance. Clin J Sport Med, 25(2), 88-94. doi:10.1097/JSM.0000000000000111
• Deakon, R. T. (2012). Chronic musculoskeletal conditions associated with the cycling segment of the triathlon; prevention and treatment with an emphasis on proper bicycle fitting. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev, 20(4), 200-205. doi:10.1097/JSA.0b013e3182688fa0
• Dettori, N. J., Norvell, D. C. (2006). Non-traumatic bicycle injuries: a review of the literature. Sports Med, 36(1), 7-18. doi:10.2165/00007256-200636010-00002
• Dionne, C. E., Laurin, D., Desrosiers, T., Abdous, B., Le Sage, N., Frenette, J., et al. (2018). Vitamin C is not the Missing Link Between Cigarette Smoking and Spinal Pain. Spine (PhilaPa 1976), 43(12), 712-721. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000002466
• Du Toit, F., Schwellnus, M., Wood, P., Swanevelder, S., Killops, J., Jordaan, E. (2020). Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and severity of gradual onset injuries in recreational road cyclists: A cross-sectional study in 21,824 cyclists - SAFER XIII. Phys Ther Sport, 46, 113-119. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.08.006
• Eriksen, W. B., Brage, S., Bruusgaard, D. (1997). Does smoking aggravate musculoskeletal pain? Scand J Rheumatol, 26(1), 49-54. doi:10.3109/03009749709065664
• Hill, J., Lewis, M., Papageorgiou, A. C., Dziedzic, K., Croft, P. (2004). Predicting persistent neck pain: a 1-year follow-up of a population cohort. Spine (PhilaPa 1976), 29(15), 1648-1654. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000132307.06321.3c
• Hong, J., McArthur, D., Raturi, V. (2020). Did Safe Cycling Infrastructure Still Matter During a COVID-19 Lockdown? Sustainability, 12(20), 8672. doi:10.3390/su12208672
• Hogg-Johnson, S., van der Velde, G., Carroll, L. J., Holm, L. W., Cassidy, J. D., Guzman, J., et al. (2008). Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders, The burden and determinants of neck pain in the general population: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. Spine (PhilaPa 1976), 33(4), 39-51. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31816454c8
• Jacobs, K., Nichols, J., Holmes, B., Buono, M. (1995). Isometric cervical extension strength of recreational and experienced cyclists. Can J Appl Physiol, 20(2), 230-239. doi:10.1139/h95-017
• Kotler, D. H., Babu, A. N., Robidoux, G. (2016). Prevention, Evaluation, and Rehabilitation of Cycling-Related Injury. Curr Sports Med Rep, 15(3), 199-206. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000262
• Krüger, K., Dischereit, G., Seimetz, M., Wilhelm, J., Weissmann, N., Mooren, F. C. (2015). Time course of cigarette smoke-induced changes of systemic inflammation and muscle structure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 309(2), 119-128. doi:1152/ajplung.00074.2015
• Lareau, S. A., McGinnis, H. D. (2011). Injuries in mountain bike racing: frequency of injuries in endurance versus cross country mountain bike races. Wilderness Environ Med, 22(3), 222-227. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2011.04.004
• Mellion, M. B. (1991). Common cycling injuries. Management and prevention. Sports Med, 11(1), 52-70. doi:10.2165/00007256-199111010-00004
• Oja, P., Titze, S., Bauman, A., de Geus, B., Krenn, P., Reger-Nash, B., et al. (2011). Health benefits of cycling: a systematic review. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 21(4), 496-509. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01299.x
• Priego Quesada, J. I., Pérez-Soriano, P., Lucas-Cuevas, A. G., Salvador Palmer, R., Cibrián Ortiz de Anda, R. M. (2017). Effect of personalized arrangements in the perception of comfort, fatigue and pain. J Sports Sci, 35(14), 1459-1465. doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1215496
• Scoz, R. D., Amorim, C. F., Espindola, T., Santiago, M., Mendes, J. J. B., de Oliveira, P. R., et al. (2021). Discomfort, pain and fatigue levels of 160 cyclists after a kinematic bike-fitting method: an experimental study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med, 30(3), e001096. doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001096
• Stefanovitch-Lawbuary, N., Amirfeyz, R., Lovell, R., Bannister, G. (2019). Reliability and Responsiveness of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures of Neck Disability to Physical Therapy: Comparison of the Copenhagen, Northwick Park, and Neck Bournemouth Questionnaires and the Neck Disability Index. J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 42(2), 104-107. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2019.03.007
• Umale, S., Yoganandan, N. (2018). Mechanisms of Cervical Spine Disc Injury under Cyclic Loading. Asian Spine J, 12(5), 910-918. doi:10.31616/asj.2018.12.5.910
• Van der Walt, A., Jansevan Rensberg, D. C., Fletcher, L., Grant, C. C., van der Walt, A. J. (2014). Non-traumatic injury profile of amateur cyclists. South African Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(4), 119-122. doi:10.17159/2413-3108/2014/v26i4a504
• Van Wilgen, C. P., Verhagen. E. A. (2012). A qualitative study on overuse injuries: the beliefs of athletes and coaches. J Sci Med Sport, 15(2), 116-121. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2011.11.253
• Weiss, B. D. (1985). Nontraumatic injuries in amateur long distance bicyclists. Am J Sports Med, 13(3), 187-192. doi:10.1177/036354658501300308
• Wirth, B., Ferreira, T. D., Mittelholzer, M., Humphreys, B. K., Boutellier, U. (2016). Respiratory muscle endurance training reduces chronic neck pain: A pilot study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil, 29(4), 825-834. doi:10.3233/BMR-160695
• Wirth, B., Humphreys, B. K., Peterson, C. (2016). Importance of psychological factors for the recovery from a first episode of acute non-specific neck pain - a longitudinal observational study. Chiropr Man Therap, 24, 9. doi:10.1186/s12998-016-0090-2