WEB TABANLI OYUN ARACILIĞIYLA SPORDA DÜRTÜSEL DAVRANIŞ ÖLÇÜMLERİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 162 - 177, 30.06.2023

Merve Erdoğdu , Gizem Aytaç , İklil Aydın

https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1173219

Öz

Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte ortaya çıkan web tabanlı uygulamaların son yıllarda, özellikle psikoloji alanında popülerlik kazandığı görülmektedir. Çalışmada psikolojik sağlık ve dürtüsellik alanında yürütülen web tabanlı uygulamalar hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, dürtüselliğin fizyolojisi ve sporcuların performansını nasıl etkilediğinden bahsedilmiş, dürtüselliğin önlenebilmesi için fayda sağlayabilecek önerilere yer verilmiştir. Psikolojik sağlık ve özellikle spor psikolojisi alanları ile ilgilenen ve bu konularda çalışmalar yürüten araştırmacılara dürtüsellik ölçümünde kullanabilecekleri web tabanlı testler ile ilgili bilgi vermek ve onların dijital gelişmelerin sağladığı kolaylıklar sayesinde daha etkili ölçümler yapmalarına yardımcı olmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu hedef doğrultusunda, dürtüsellik ile ilgili genel bilgilerin yanı sıra, dürtüselliği ölçme amacıyla kullanılan Go/No Go ve Iowa Kumar Görevi gibi bazı web tabanlı uygulamalar hakkında literatürde yer alan bilgiler derlenmiş ve okuyucuya sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

hiperaktivite, psikoloji deneyleri, reaksiyon hızı

MEASUREMENTS OF IMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR IN SPORTS THROUGH WEB-BASED GAME

Öz

It is seen that web-based applications that emerged with the development of technology have gained popularity in recent years, especially in the field of psychology. In the study, information was given about web-based applications carried out in the field of psychological health and impulsivity. In addition, the physiology of impulsivity and how it affects the performance of athletes are mentioned, and suggestions that can be beneficial to prevent impulsivity are given. It is aimed to provide information about the web-based tests that they can use in the measurement of impulsivity to researchers who are interested in and carry out studies in the fields of psychological health and especially sports psychology, and to help them make more effective measurements thanks to the convenience provided by digital developments. In line with this goal, in addition to general information about impulsivity, information in the literature about some web-based applications such as Go/No Go and Iowa Gambling Task, which are used to measure impulsivity, have been compiled and presented to the reader.

Anahtar Kelimeler

impulsivity, sports psychology, sports performance, athlete

Kaynakça

• Adams, K. (2005). The sources of innovation and creativity. National Center on Education and the Economy.
• Bakhshani, N. (2014). Impulsivity: A predisposition toward risky behaviors. International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.20428 Balconi, M., & Vanutelli, M. E. (2017). Brains in competition: Improved cognitive performance and inter-brain coupling by hyperscanning paradigm with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 11, Article 163. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00163 Bear, R. A., & Nietzel, M. T. (1991). Cognitive and behavioral treatment of impulsivity in children: A meta-analytic review of the outcome literature. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 20(4), 400–412. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2004_9
• Brenhouse, H. C., & Andersen, S. L. (2011). Developmental trajectories during adolescence in males and females: A cross-species understanding of underlying brain changes. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(8), 1687–1703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.04.013
• Brimmell, J., & Vaughan, R. (2022). Moving online: Comparing executive function and visual attention performance online and in the laboratory – A brief report. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/4kg8b
• Byrd, M. M., Kontos, A. P., Eagle, S. R., & Zizzi, S. (2022). Preliminary evidence for a relationship between anxiety, anger, and impulsivity in collegiate athletes with sport-related concussion. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 16(2), 89-108. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2020-0003
• Callahan, C. E., Kossman, M. K., Mihalik, J. P., Marshall, S. W., Gildner, P., Kerr, Z. Y., Cameron, K. L., Houston, M. N., Mrazik, M., & Register-Mihalik, J. K. (2021). Association between sensation-seeking behaviors and concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, perceived norms, and care-seeking behaviors among collegiate student-athletes. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 33-42. https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2022.33
• Casey, B. J., Jones, R. M., & Somerville, L. H. (2011). Braking and accelerating of the adolescent brain. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(1), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00712.x
• Chambers, R. A., Taylor, J. R., & Potenza, M. N. (2003). Developmental neurocircuitry of motivation in adolescence: A critical period of addiction vulnerability. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(6), 1041–1052. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1041
• Chein, J., Albert, D., O'Brien, L., Uckert, K., & Steinberg, L. (2011). Peers increase adolescent risk taking by enhancing activity in the brain's reward circuitry. Developmental Science, 14(2), F1-F10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01035.x
• Clark, D. A. (2022). Cognitive reappraisal. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 29(3), 564-566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2022.02.018.
• Congdon, E., Mumford, J. A., Cohen, J. R., Galvan, A., Aron, A. R., Xue, G., Miller, E., & Poldrack, R. A. (2010). Engagement of large-scale networks is related to individual differences in inhibitory control. NeuroImage, 53(2), 653–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.062
• Cook, C., McCallum, C., Musolino, G. M., Reiman, M., & Covington, J. K. (2018). What Traits Are Reflective of Positive Professional Performance in Physical Therapy Program Graduates? A Delphi Study. Journal of Allied Health, 47(2), 96-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2017.1415231
• Corr, P. J. (2004). Reinforcement sensitivity theory and personality. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 28(3), 317-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.01.005 (Erratum in: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 28(8), 875) PMID: 15225974.
• Corr, P. J., & Krupić, D. (2017). Motivating personality: Approach, avoidance, and their conflict. In A. J. Elliot (Ed.), Advances in motivation science (pp. 39–90). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adms.2017.02.003
• Dalley, J. W., Everitt, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2011). Impulsivity, compulsivity, and top-down cognitive control. Neuron, 69(4), 680–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.01.020
• Dodou, D., & de Winter, J. C. F. (2014). Social desirability is the same in offline, online, and paper surveys: A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 487-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.005
• Dudek, D., Siwek, M., Jaeschke, R., Drozdowicz, K., Styczeń, K., Arciszewska, A., Chrobak, A. A., & Rybakowski, J. K. (2015). A web-based study of bipolarity and impulsivity in athletes engaging in extreme and high-risk sports. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 28(3), 179-183. https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2015.44
• Erdoğdu, M., Karar, E. N. & Aytaç, G. (2023). Web tabanlı psikoloji deneylerinin çevrimiçi tasarımı ve uygulamaları. Türkiye Sağlık Enstitüleri Başkanlığı Dergisi, 6(1), 38-53. https://doi.org/: 10.54537/tusebdergisi.1177366
• Erdoğdu, M, Artuner, H., Demirbaş, H. & Aytaç, G. (2022). Sporcu Sağlığında Güncel Yaklaşım: Bilgisayar Tabanlı Psikolojik Ölçümler. Türkiye Sağlık Enstitüleri Başkanlığı Dergisi, 5(3), 43-55. https://doi.org/: 10.54537/tusebdergisi.1173181
• Ernst, M., Pine, D. S., & Hardin, M. (2006). Triadic model of the neurobiology of motivated behavior in adolescence. Psychological Medicine, 36, 299–312. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291705005891
• Friedman, A., Kohler, B., Gunalp, P., Boone, A. P., & Hegarty, M. (2019). A computerized spatial orientation test. Behavior Research Methods, 52(2), 799-812. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01277-3
• Eysenbach, G., & Wyatt, J. (2002). Using the Internet for surveys and health research. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 4, e13. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4.2.e13
• González-Hernández, J., Capilla Díaz, C., & Gómez-López, M. (2019). Impulsiveness and cognitive patterns. Understanding the perfectionistic responses in Spanish competitive junior athletes. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01605
• Goswami, R., Dufort, P., Tartaglia, M. C., Green, R. E., Crawley, A., Tator, C. H., Wennberg, R., Mikulis, D. J., Keightley, M., & Davis, K. D. (2015). Frontotemporal correlates of impulsivity and machine learning in retired professional athletes with a history of multiple concussions. Brain Structure and Function, 221(4), 1911-1925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-015-1012-0
• Greco, A. G., & Huhtala, M. F. (2018). The Stop Signal Task in Sport: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 49(4), 336-351.
• Gustafsson, H. (2007). Burnout in Competitive and Elite Athletes. In J. L. Duda (Ed.), Advances in sport and exercise psychology measurement (pp. 245-266). Fitness Information Technology.
• Hoyle, R. H., Stephenson, M. T., Palmgreen, P., Lorch, E. P., & Donohew, L. (2002). Reliability and validity of a brief measure of sensation seeking. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 401-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00032-0
• Johnson, S. L., Tharp, J. A., Peckham, A. D., Carver, C. S., & Haase, C. M. (2017). A path model of different forms of impulsivity with externalizing and internalizing psychopathology: Towards greater specificity. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(3), 235-252. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12135.
• Josefsson, T., Ivarsson, A., Lindwall, M., Gustafsson, H., Stenling, A., Böröy, J., Mattsson, E., Carnebratt, J., Sevholt, S., & Falkevik, E. (2017). Mindfulness mechanisms in sports: Mediating effects of rumination and Emotion Regulation on sport-specific coping. Mindfulness, 8(5), 1354–1363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0711-4
• Judd, C. M., Harris, M. J., & Hoyle, R. H. (2006). Research methods in social relations. New York, NY: Worth Publishers
• Kovářová, L., Kovar, K., Harbichova, I., Pánek, D., & Bunc, V. (2012). Analysis of the Achievement Motivation Structure in Elite Endurance Athletes Using Triathlon as an Example. Paripex - Indian Journal of Research, 3, 253-259.
• Laborde, S., Dosseville, F., & Allen, M. S. (2016). Emotional intelligence in sport and exercise: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 26(8), 862-874. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12510
• Lage, G. M., Gallo, L. G., Cassiano, G. J., Lobo, I. L., Vieira, M. V., Salgado, J. V., Fuentes, D., & Malloy-Diniz, L. F. (2011). Correlations between impulsivity and technical performance in handball female athletes. Psychology, 02(07), 721-726. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2011.27110
• Leshem, R. (2016). Brain development, impulsivity, risky decision making, and cognitive control: Integrating cognitive and socioemotional processes during adolescence—An introduction to the special issue. Developmental Neuropsychology, 41(1-2), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/87565641.2016.1187033
• Liebel, S. W., Edwards, K. A., & Broglio, S. P. (2021). Sensation-seeking and impulsivity in athletes with sport-related concussion. Current Psychiatry Reports, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-021-01232-0
• Lu, J., & Huffman, K. (2017). A meta-analysis of correlations between trait mindfulness and impulsivity: Implications for counseling. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 39(4), 345–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-017-9302-2
• Majerus, S., Peters, F., Bouffier, M., Cowan, N., & Phillips, C. (2017). The dorsal attention network reflects both encoding load and top-down control during working memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 30, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01195
• Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49-100.
• Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., Belsky, D., Dickson, N., Hancox, R. J., Harrington, H. L., Houts, R., Poulton, R., Roberts, B. W., Ross, S., Sears, M. R., Thomson, W. M., & Caspi, A. (2011). A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(7), 2693-2698. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010076108.
• Oktay, B. (2022). Deneysel Psikolojide Çevrimiçi Veri Toplama: Avantajları, Dezavantajları, Etik Konular ve Uygulamaları. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 65-76. https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.874942
• Ozdemir, P., Selvi, Y., & Aydin, A. (2012). Impulsivity and its treatment. Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar-Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 4(3), 293. https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20120418
• Paus, T. (2005). Mapping brain maturation and cognitive development during adolescence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(2), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.008
• QB test - ADHD testing | Preferred medical group. (2018, December 7). Preferred Medical Group. https://preferredmedgroup.com/qb-test-adhd-testing/
• Quiroga, M. Á., Hernández, J. M., Rubio, V., Shih, P. C., & Santacreu, J. (2007). Influence of impulsivity-reflexivity when testing dynamic spatial ability: Sex and g differences. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 10(2), 294-302. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600006569
• Quiroga, M. Á., Martínez-Molina, A., Lozano, J. H., & Santacreu, J. (2011). Reflection-impulsivity assessed through performance differences in a computerized spatial task. Journal of Individual Differences, 32(2), 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000038
• Richard, Y., Tazi, N., Frydecka, D., Hamid, M. S., & Moustafa, A. A. (2022). A systematic review of neural, cognitive, and clinical studies of anger and aggression. Current psychology, 1-13.
• Reips, U. D. (2002). Standards for Internet-based experimenting. Experimental psychology, 49(4), 243. https://doi.org/10.1026/1618-3169.49.4.243 Rubia, K., Smith, A. B., & Taylor, E. (2007). Performance of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on a test battery of impulsiveness. Child Neuropsychology, 13(3), 276–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297040600770761 Scott, E. S., & Steinberg, L. (2008). Adolescent development and the regulation of youth crime. The Future of Children, 18(2), 15–33. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.0.0011 Selvi, F. F., Karakaş, S. A., Boysan, M., & Selvi, Y. (2014). Effects of shift work on attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, and their relationship with chronotype. Biological Rhythm Research, 46(1), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2014.948299
• Shaughnessy, J. J., Zechmeister, E. B., & Zechmeister, J. S. (2016). Psikolojide araştırma yöntemleri. (İ. Göz, Çev.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
• Shevchenko, Y. (2022). Open lab: A web application for running and sharing online experiments. Behavior Research Methods. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-021-01776-2 Smith, A. M., Floerke, V. A., & Thomas, A. K. (2016b). Retrieval practice protects memory against acute stress. Science, 354(6315), 1046–1048. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah5067 Somerville, L. H. (2013). The teenage brain: Sensitivity to social evaluation. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(2), 121–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413476512 Spagnolo, P., Fida, R., & Monaco, E. (2014). Delay Discounting and Competence in Soccer Players. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 118(3), 785-796.
• Spear, L. (2000). The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 417–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-7634(00)00014-2
• Steiger, H., Young, S. N., NG Yıng Kın, N. M., Koerner, N., Israel, M., Lageıx, P., & Parıs, J. (2001). Implications of impulsive and affective symptoms for serotonin function in bulimia nervosa. Psychological Medicine, 31(1), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.1017/s003329179900313x
• Stoeber, J., & Corr, P. J. (2015). Perfectionism, personality, and affective experiences: New insights from revised reinforcement sensitivity theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 354–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.045 Sürmeli, T. (2018). Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite | Psikiyatrist Dr. Tanju Sürmeli. dr-tanju-surmeli. https://www.tanjusurmeli.com.tr/dikkat-eksikligi-hiperaktivite
• Tamam, L. (2021). Dürtü kontrol bozuklukları ve dürtüsellik. Akademisyen Kitabevi.What to expect at your Qb Test appointment? (2019, February). Wirral Community Health and Care NHS Foundation
• Terres-Barcala, L., Albaladejo-Blázquez, N., Aparicio-Ugarriza, R., Ruiz-Robledillo, N., Zaragoza-Martí, A., & Ferrer-Cascales, R. (2022). Effects of impulsivity on competitive anxiety in female athletes: The mediating role of Mindfulness Trait. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3223. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063223
• Weafer, J., & Fillmore, M. T. (2013). Acute alcohol effects on attentional bias in heavy and moderate drinkers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(1), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028991 Whiteside, S. P., & Lynam, D. R. (2001). The Five Factor Model and impulsivity: Using a structural model of personality to understand impulsivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(4), 669-689. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00064-7
• Wilkowski, B. M. (2012). Responding to Social Signals for Response Inhibition: A Psychological Process Underlying Trait Anger. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(1), 72-80. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550611419522
• Wright, M. J., & Dixon, M. J. (2012). The Role of Constraint in the Development of Perceptual-motor Skills: Evidence From the Hitting Performances of Blind Baseball Players. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 34(6), 770-790.