Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

ChatGPT Tabanlı Görüşme Yaklaşımı Kullanılarak Türkiye, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Kanada’daki Rekreasyon Programlarının Karşılaştırmalı Kıyaslama Analiz

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 50 - 70, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.53025/sportive.1653910

Öz

LLM’ler arasında ChatGPT önemli bir yer tutup hem kullanıcılar hem de araştırmacılar tarafından yaygın olarak kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Literatürde özellikle eğitimde ve turizm gibi alanlarda ChatGPT kullanımına yönelik araştırmaların sayısı her geçen gün artmasına karşın, rekreasyonda ChatGPT kullanımına yönelik çalışmaların sayısı oldukça sınırlıdır. Rekreasyon programlarına yönelik konuların gelişmiş ülkelerdeki programlarla benchmark edildiği çalışma ise bulunmamaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye, ABD ve Kanada’daki rekreasyon programlarını benchmark ederek öğrenci kabul koşullarını, program müfredatlarını, mezun yeterliliklerini, istihdam koşullarını karşılaştırmak ve geleceğe dair bir projeksiyon sağlayarak Türkiye için bir sertifika programı önerisini ortaya koymaktır. ChatGPT ile mülakat tekniği uygulanarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmanın sonuçları Türkiye, ABD ve Kanada’daki rekreasyon programlarına öğrenci kabulü, müfredat, mezun yeterlilikleri ve istihdamına yönelik farkılıkları işaret etmektedir. Bu farklılıklar temelinde Türkiye’deki rekreasyon alanına yönelik öneriler ile 10 yıl sonrasına ilişkin projeksiyonlar ve sertifika programı önerisi çalışmanın diğer çıktıları arasındadır. Araştırma sonuçlarının teorik ve uygulamaya dayalı çıkarımları bulunmaktadır

Kaynakça

  • Adiwardana, D., Luong, M. T., So, D. R., Hall, J., Fiedel, N., Thoppilan, R., ... and Le, Q. V. (2020). Towards a human-like open-domain chatbot. arXiv preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.09977
  • Akgül, S. Ö., ve Güneş, S. G. (2019). Türkiye’de rekreasyon yönetimi bölümünde okuyan öğrencilerin kariyer beklentilerinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3), 725-744. Anand, G., & Kodali, R. (2008). Benchmarking the benchmarking models. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 15(3), 257-291.
  • Barakazi, E. (2023). The role of technological innovations in diversification of recreational activities: Interview with ChatGPT. Journal of Gastronomy, Hospitality and Travel, 6(4), 1639-1649.
  • Beşikçi, E. A., ve Deveci, M. E. (2023). Rekreasyon eğitimine ilişkin akademisyen görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 210-230.
  • Brown, T., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J. D., Dhariwal, P., ... and Amodei, D. (2020). Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in neural information processing systems, 33, 1877-1901.
  • Bubeck, S., Chandrasekaran, V., Eldan, R., Gehrke, J., Horvitz, E., Kamar, E., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Sparks of artificial general intelligence: early experiments with GPT-4. arXiv preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.12712
  • Camp, R. C. (2024). Benchmarking: The search for industry best practices that lead to superior performance. CRC Press.
  • Carvalho, I., & Ivanov, S. (2024). ChatGPT for tourism: applications, benefits, and risks. Tourism Review, 79(2), 290-303.
  • Chaboyer, W., Willman, A., Johnson, P., & Stockhausen, L. (2004). Embedding evidence-based practice in a nursing curriculum: a benchmarking project. Nurse Education in Practice, 4(3), 216-223.
  • Chiang, C. H., & Chiang, H. Y. (2023, July). Enhancing elderly leisure experience through innovative VTuber interaction in VR with ChatGPT. In International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (pp. 163-178). Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Çolak, O. (2023). The role of generative pre-trained transformers (GPT) in recreational tourism: An interview with ChatGPT. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(3), 733-748.
  • Corsello, A., & Santangelo, A. (2023). May artificial intelligence influence future pediatric research?—The case of ChatGPT. Children, 10(4), 757.
  • Deming, W. E. (1982). Quality, productivity, and competitive position. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Centre for Advanced Engineering Study.
  • Elmohandes, N., and Marghany, M. (2024). Effective or ineffective? Using ChatGPT for staffing in the hospitality industry. European Journal of Tourism Research, 36, 3617-3617.
  • Firat, M. (2023). What ChatGPT means for universities: Perceptions of scholars and students. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 57-63.
  • García-López, I. M., González, C. S. G., Ramírez-Montoya, M. S., and Molina-Espinosa, J. M. (2025). Challenges of implementing ChatGPT on education: Systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 8, 100401.
  • Gau, L. S., Chu, H. T., Chen, M. I., and Huang, C. H. (2023). Application effects of AI text mining and ChatGPT as a content analysis for developmental trends in leisure and recreation industries. In System Innovation for a World in Transition (pp. 65-69). CRC Press.
  • Genç, N. (2023). Rekreasyon Tutkunları için ChatGPT: Gelecekte Ne Bekleniyor?. Sportive, 6(2), 67-83.
  • Gude, V. (2023). Factors influencing ChatGPT adoption for product research and information retrieval. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 1-10.
  • Gursoy, D., Li, Y., and Song, H. (2023). ChatGPT and the hospitality and tourism industry: an overview of current trends and future research directions. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 32(5), 579-592.
  • Guttentag, D. A., Litvin, S. W., and Teixeira, R. (2024). Human vs. AI: can ChatGPT improve tourism product descriptions?. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-19.
  • Heung, Y. M. E., and Chiu, T. K. (2025). How ChatGPT impacts student engagement from a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8, 100361.
  • Juran, J. M. (1950). The role of statistics as a tool of management. Statistica Neerlandica, 4(1‐2), 69-79.
  • Karavelioğlu, B. (2024). Dünya’da ve Türkiye'de Sportif Rekreasyona Bakış Açısı: Bir Derleme Çalışması. Uluslararası Bozok Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 164-191.
  • Keiper, M. C. (2023). ChatGPT in practice: Increasing event planning efficiency through artificial intelligence. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 33, 100454.
  • Koçak, F., ve Balcı, V. (2010). Doğada yapılan sportif etkinliklerde çevresel sürdürülebilirlik. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 213-222.
  • Kyrö, P. (2003). Revising the concept and forms of benchmarking. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 10(3), 210-225.
  • Leggatt, J. (2023), “What Is ChatGPT? A Review of The AI In Its Own Words”, Forbes, March, 22, available at: https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/what-is-chatgpt/ (accessed 6 March 2025)
  • Levine, S., Beck, S. W., Mah, C., Phalen, L., and Pıttman, J. (2025). How do students use ChatGPT as a writing support?. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 68(5), 445-457.
  • Moriarty, J. P. (2011). A theory of benchmarking. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 18(4), 588-611.
  • Moriarty, J. P., and Smallman, C. (2009). En route to a theory of benchmarking. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 16(4), 484-503.
  • Ofosu-Ampong, K., Acheampong, B., Kevor, MO, and Amankwah-Sarfo, F. (2023). Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence (ChatGPT) in Education: Trust, Innovativeness and Psychological Need of Students. Information and Knowledge Management, 13(4), 37-47.
  • Oh, P. S., and Lee, G. G. (2024). Confronting imminent challenges in humane epistemic agency in science education: An interview with ChatGPT. Science & Education, 1-27.
  • OpenAI (2022, November 22). ChatGPT: Optimising language models for dialogue. https://openai.com/ blog/chatgpt/ (Retrieved February 24, 2025)
  • Roller, S., Dinan, E., Goyal, N., Ju, D., Williamson, M., Liu, Y., ... and Smith, E. M. (2020). Recipes for building an open-domain chatbot. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.13637.
  • Sever, G. N., ve Buzlu, M. Ö. (2015). Turizm fakülteleri bünyesindeki rekreasyon programları için müfredat kapsamı önerisi: bilimetrik bir çalışma. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(2), 381-396.
  • Shewhart, W.A. (1980). Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product, American Society for Quality Control, Milwaukee, WI. Sigala, M., Ooi, K. B., Tan, G. W. H., Aw, E. C. X., Buhalis, D., Cham, T. H., ... and Ye, I. H. (2024). Understanding the impact of ChatGPT on tourism and hospitality: Trends, prospects and research agenda. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 60, 384-390.
  • Skjuve, M., Følstad, A., and Brandtzaeg, P. B. (2023, July). The user experience of ChatGPT: Findings from a questionnaire study of early users. In Proceedings of the 5th international conference on conversational user interfaces (pp. 1-10).
  • Stralser, S. (1995). Benchmarking: The New Tool. Planning for higher education, 23(4), 15-19.
  • Terrell, J. (1995). QUT Benchmarking Project Book. Brisbane, Australia, unpublished.
  • Totlis, T., Natsis, K., Filos, D., Ediaroglou, V., Mantzou, N., Duparc, F., and Piagkou, M. (2023). The potential role of ChatGPT and artificial intelligence in anatomy education: a conversation with ChatGPT. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 45(10), 1321-1329.
  • Wang, F. Y., Miao, Q., Li, X., Wang, X.and Lin, Y. (2023). What does ChatGPT say: The DAO from algorithmic intelligence to linguistic intelligence, IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 10 (3), 575-579.
  • Wu, D. C., Li, W., Wu, J., Hu, M., and Shen, S. (2025). How well can ChatGPT forecast tourism demand?. Tourism Management, 108, 105119.
  • Yumuk, E.D. ve Güngörmüş, H.A. (2023). Macera Rekreasyonu: Kuramlar ve Yaklaşımlar. Gaziantep: Özgür Yayınları.

A Comparative Benchmark Analysis of Recreation Programs in Türkiye, the United States, and Canada Using a ChatGPT-Based Interview Approach

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 50 - 70, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.53025/sportive.1653910

Öz

ChatGPT has established a significant position among large language models (LLMs) and has become widely utilized by both users and researchers. While the number of studies on ChatGPT's applications, particularly in fields such as education and tourism, is steadily increasing in the literature, research on its use in recreation remains notably limited. Moreover, no studies have benchmarked recreation programs against those in developed countries. Accordingly, this study aims to benchmark recreation programs in Türkiye, the United States, and Canada by comparing admission requirements, program curricula, graduate competencies, and employment conditions. Furthermore, it seeks to provide a future-oriented projection and propose a certification program tailored for Türkiye. Employing an interview technique facilitated through ChatGPT, the study’s findings highlight differences in student admissions, curricula, graduate competencies, and employment prospects across recreation programs in Türkiye, the United States, and Canada. Based on these differences, the study presents recommendations for the field of recreation in Türkiye, a ten-year projection, and a proposed certification program. The research offers both theoretical insights and practical implications.

Kaynakça

  • Adiwardana, D., Luong, M. T., So, D. R., Hall, J., Fiedel, N., Thoppilan, R., ... and Le, Q. V. (2020). Towards a human-like open-domain chatbot. arXiv preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.09977
  • Akgül, S. Ö., ve Güneş, S. G. (2019). Türkiye’de rekreasyon yönetimi bölümünde okuyan öğrencilerin kariyer beklentilerinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3), 725-744. Anand, G., & Kodali, R. (2008). Benchmarking the benchmarking models. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 15(3), 257-291.
  • Barakazi, E. (2023). The role of technological innovations in diversification of recreational activities: Interview with ChatGPT. Journal of Gastronomy, Hospitality and Travel, 6(4), 1639-1649.
  • Beşikçi, E. A., ve Deveci, M. E. (2023). Rekreasyon eğitimine ilişkin akademisyen görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 210-230.
  • Brown, T., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J. D., Dhariwal, P., ... and Amodei, D. (2020). Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in neural information processing systems, 33, 1877-1901.
  • Bubeck, S., Chandrasekaran, V., Eldan, R., Gehrke, J., Horvitz, E., Kamar, E., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Sparks of artificial general intelligence: early experiments with GPT-4. arXiv preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.12712
  • Camp, R. C. (2024). Benchmarking: The search for industry best practices that lead to superior performance. CRC Press.
  • Carvalho, I., & Ivanov, S. (2024). ChatGPT for tourism: applications, benefits, and risks. Tourism Review, 79(2), 290-303.
  • Chaboyer, W., Willman, A., Johnson, P., & Stockhausen, L. (2004). Embedding evidence-based practice in a nursing curriculum: a benchmarking project. Nurse Education in Practice, 4(3), 216-223.
  • Chiang, C. H., & Chiang, H. Y. (2023, July). Enhancing elderly leisure experience through innovative VTuber interaction in VR with ChatGPT. In International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (pp. 163-178). Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Çolak, O. (2023). The role of generative pre-trained transformers (GPT) in recreational tourism: An interview with ChatGPT. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(3), 733-748.
  • Corsello, A., & Santangelo, A. (2023). May artificial intelligence influence future pediatric research?—The case of ChatGPT. Children, 10(4), 757.
  • Deming, W. E. (1982). Quality, productivity, and competitive position. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Centre for Advanced Engineering Study.
  • Elmohandes, N., and Marghany, M. (2024). Effective or ineffective? Using ChatGPT for staffing in the hospitality industry. European Journal of Tourism Research, 36, 3617-3617.
  • Firat, M. (2023). What ChatGPT means for universities: Perceptions of scholars and students. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 57-63.
  • García-López, I. M., González, C. S. G., Ramírez-Montoya, M. S., and Molina-Espinosa, J. M. (2025). Challenges of implementing ChatGPT on education: Systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 8, 100401.
  • Gau, L. S., Chu, H. T., Chen, M. I., and Huang, C. H. (2023). Application effects of AI text mining and ChatGPT as a content analysis for developmental trends in leisure and recreation industries. In System Innovation for a World in Transition (pp. 65-69). CRC Press.
  • Genç, N. (2023). Rekreasyon Tutkunları için ChatGPT: Gelecekte Ne Bekleniyor?. Sportive, 6(2), 67-83.
  • Gude, V. (2023). Factors influencing ChatGPT adoption for product research and information retrieval. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 1-10.
  • Gursoy, D., Li, Y., and Song, H. (2023). ChatGPT and the hospitality and tourism industry: an overview of current trends and future research directions. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 32(5), 579-592.
  • Guttentag, D. A., Litvin, S. W., and Teixeira, R. (2024). Human vs. AI: can ChatGPT improve tourism product descriptions?. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-19.
  • Heung, Y. M. E., and Chiu, T. K. (2025). How ChatGPT impacts student engagement from a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8, 100361.
  • Juran, J. M. (1950). The role of statistics as a tool of management. Statistica Neerlandica, 4(1‐2), 69-79.
  • Karavelioğlu, B. (2024). Dünya’da ve Türkiye'de Sportif Rekreasyona Bakış Açısı: Bir Derleme Çalışması. Uluslararası Bozok Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 164-191.
  • Keiper, M. C. (2023). ChatGPT in practice: Increasing event planning efficiency through artificial intelligence. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 33, 100454.
  • Koçak, F., ve Balcı, V. (2010). Doğada yapılan sportif etkinliklerde çevresel sürdürülebilirlik. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 213-222.
  • Kyrö, P. (2003). Revising the concept and forms of benchmarking. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 10(3), 210-225.
  • Leggatt, J. (2023), “What Is ChatGPT? A Review of The AI In Its Own Words”, Forbes, March, 22, available at: https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/software/what-is-chatgpt/ (accessed 6 March 2025)
  • Levine, S., Beck, S. W., Mah, C., Phalen, L., and Pıttman, J. (2025). How do students use ChatGPT as a writing support?. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 68(5), 445-457.
  • Moriarty, J. P. (2011). A theory of benchmarking. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 18(4), 588-611.
  • Moriarty, J. P., and Smallman, C. (2009). En route to a theory of benchmarking. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 16(4), 484-503.
  • Ofosu-Ampong, K., Acheampong, B., Kevor, MO, and Amankwah-Sarfo, F. (2023). Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence (ChatGPT) in Education: Trust, Innovativeness and Psychological Need of Students. Information and Knowledge Management, 13(4), 37-47.
  • Oh, P. S., and Lee, G. G. (2024). Confronting imminent challenges in humane epistemic agency in science education: An interview with ChatGPT. Science & Education, 1-27.
  • OpenAI (2022, November 22). ChatGPT: Optimising language models for dialogue. https://openai.com/ blog/chatgpt/ (Retrieved February 24, 2025)
  • Roller, S., Dinan, E., Goyal, N., Ju, D., Williamson, M., Liu, Y., ... and Smith, E. M. (2020). Recipes for building an open-domain chatbot. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.13637.
  • Sever, G. N., ve Buzlu, M. Ö. (2015). Turizm fakülteleri bünyesindeki rekreasyon programları için müfredat kapsamı önerisi: bilimetrik bir çalışma. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(2), 381-396.
  • Shewhart, W.A. (1980). Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product, American Society for Quality Control, Milwaukee, WI. Sigala, M., Ooi, K. B., Tan, G. W. H., Aw, E. C. X., Buhalis, D., Cham, T. H., ... and Ye, I. H. (2024). Understanding the impact of ChatGPT on tourism and hospitality: Trends, prospects and research agenda. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 60, 384-390.
  • Skjuve, M., Følstad, A., and Brandtzaeg, P. B. (2023, July). The user experience of ChatGPT: Findings from a questionnaire study of early users. In Proceedings of the 5th international conference on conversational user interfaces (pp. 1-10).
  • Stralser, S. (1995). Benchmarking: The New Tool. Planning for higher education, 23(4), 15-19.
  • Terrell, J. (1995). QUT Benchmarking Project Book. Brisbane, Australia, unpublished.
  • Totlis, T., Natsis, K., Filos, D., Ediaroglou, V., Mantzou, N., Duparc, F., and Piagkou, M. (2023). The potential role of ChatGPT and artificial intelligence in anatomy education: a conversation with ChatGPT. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 45(10), 1321-1329.
  • Wang, F. Y., Miao, Q., Li, X., Wang, X.and Lin, Y. (2023). What does ChatGPT say: The DAO from algorithmic intelligence to linguistic intelligence, IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 10 (3), 575-579.
  • Wu, D. C., Li, W., Wu, J., Hu, M., and Shen, S. (2025). How well can ChatGPT forecast tourism demand?. Tourism Management, 108, 105119.
  • Yumuk, E.D. ve Güngörmüş, H.A. (2023). Macera Rekreasyonu: Kuramlar ve Yaklaşımlar. Gaziantep: Özgür Yayınları.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Halime Dinç 0000-0002-2391-5508

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 25 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 22 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Dinç, H. (2025). A Comparative Benchmark Analysis of Recreation Programs in Türkiye, the United States, and Canada Using a ChatGPT-Based Interview Approach. Sportive, 8(2), 50-70. https://doi.org/10.53025/sportive.1653910
AMA Dinç H. A Comparative Benchmark Analysis of Recreation Programs in Türkiye, the United States, and Canada Using a ChatGPT-Based Interview Approach. SPORTIVE. Eylül 2025;8(2):50-70. doi:10.53025/sportive.1653910
Chicago Dinç, Halime. “A Comparative Benchmark Analysis of Recreation Programs in Türkiye, the United States, and Canada Using a ChatGPT-Based Interview Approach”. Sportive 8, sy. 2 (Eylül 2025): 50-70. https://doi.org/10.53025/sportive.1653910.
EndNote Dinç H (01 Eylül 2025) A Comparative Benchmark Analysis of Recreation Programs in Türkiye, the United States, and Canada Using a ChatGPT-Based Interview Approach. Sportive 8 2 50–70.
IEEE H. Dinç, “A Comparative Benchmark Analysis of Recreation Programs in Türkiye, the United States, and Canada Using a ChatGPT-Based Interview Approach”, SPORTIVE, c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 50–70, 2025, doi: 10.53025/sportive.1653910.
ISNAD Dinç, Halime. “A Comparative Benchmark Analysis of Recreation Programs in Türkiye, the United States, and Canada Using a ChatGPT-Based Interview Approach”. Sportive 8/2 (Eylül2025), 50-70. https://doi.org/10.53025/sportive.1653910.
JAMA Dinç H. A Comparative Benchmark Analysis of Recreation Programs in Türkiye, the United States, and Canada Using a ChatGPT-Based Interview Approach. SPORTIVE. 2025;8:50–70.
MLA Dinç, Halime. “A Comparative Benchmark Analysis of Recreation Programs in Türkiye, the United States, and Canada Using a ChatGPT-Based Interview Approach”. Sportive, c. 8, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 50-70, doi:10.53025/sportive.1653910.
Vancouver Dinç H. A Comparative Benchmark Analysis of Recreation Programs in Türkiye, the United States, and Canada Using a ChatGPT-Based Interview Approach. SPORTIVE. 2025;8(2):50-7.