Açık Alan Macera Rekreasyonu: Macera Davranışı Arayışı ve Serbest Zaman Tatmini Arasındaki İlişkide Akış Deneyiminin Aracı Rolü

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 168 - 193, 30.09.2025

Erdoğan Ekinci , Bülent Gürbüz

https://doi.org/10.53025/sportive.1698950

Öz

Bu çalışma, açık alan macera rekreasyonu bağlamında, macera davranışı arayışı, rekreasyonel akış deneyimi ve serbest zaman tatmini arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektedir. Açık alan rekreasyonunun fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal iyilik hâlini desteklediği yaygın olarak kabul edilmekle birlikte, yüksek riskli ve zorlu deneyimlerin tatmin edici serbest zaman çıktısına nasıl dönüştüğüne dair psikolojik mekanizmalar üzerine yapılan araştırmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma, bireylerin macera arayışına yönelik eğilimleri ile serbest zaman tatmini arasındaki ilişkide akış deneyimi olarak bilinen psikolojik bir durumun aracı rolünü araştırarak bu boşluğu doldurmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında, Türkiye’nin 50 farklı ilinde yer alan 142 merkezde dağcılık, dalış, yamaç paraşütü, kayak, rafting, doğa yürüyüşü ve kampçılık gibi çeşitli açık alan rekreasyon faaliyetlerine katılan 1.406 bireyden veri toplanmıştır. Duyumsal arayış, akış kuramı ve serbest zaman çalışmaları literatürüne dayalı olarak geliştirilen dört hipotez, Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (YEM) ile test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, macera davranışı arayışının hem rekreasyonel akış deneyimini hem de serbest zaman tatminini olumlu ve anlamlı düzeyde etkilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, akış deneyiminin doğrudan serbest zaman tatminini artırdığı belirlenmiştir. En dikkat çekici bulgu, akış deneyiminin macera davranışı arayışı ile serbest zaman tatmini arasındaki ilişkiyi tamamen aracılık etmesidir. Bu sonuç, akış deneyiminin, macera odaklı davranışların olumlu ve tatmin edici serbest zaman deneyimlerine dönüşmesinde merkezi bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Yoğun dikkat, içsel motivasyon, kontrol hissi ve eylemle farkındalığın birleşmesiyle karakterize edilen akış deneyimi; bireylerin riskli ve fiziksel açıdan zorlayıcı etkinliklerden nasıl tatmin elde ettiklerine dair psikolojik bir yol sunmaktadır. Bulgular, akışı yalnızca optimal deneyimin temel bir bileşeni değil, aynı zamanda serbest zaman bağlamında iyi oluş ve motivasyonun temel belirleyicisi olarak konumlandıran Csikszentmihalyi ve diğer kuramcıların öne sürdüğü kuramsal modelle tutarlıdır. Bu çalışmanın literatüre üç temel katkısı bulunmaktadır. Birincisi, akış kuramını açık alan macera rekreasyonu çerçevesinde genişletmektedir. İkincisi, gelecekteki araştırmalara temel oluşturabilecek doğrulanmış bir yapısal model sunmaktadır. Üçüncüsü ise, akışı rekreasyonel deneyimlerin tasarımında hedeflenmesi gereken bir psikolojik durum olarak tanımlayarak, rekreasyon uzmanları, politika yapıcılar ve program geliştiriciler için pratik öneriler sunmaktadır. Bulgulara dayanarak, akışı teşvik eden macera temelli programların yaygınlaştırılması, dezavantajlı veya düşük gelirli grupların açık alan rekreasyonuna erişiminin artırılması ve eğitim ile kentsel rekreasyon planlamasına akış odaklı etkinliklerin entegre edilmesi önerilmektedir. Artan kentleşme, stres ve doğadan kopuşun yaşandığı günümüzde, macera ve psikolojik derinleşmenin serbest zaman tatminini birlikte nasıl artırdığını anlamak; daha sağlıklı ve doğayla daha bağlantılı topluluklar inşa etmek için kritik öneme sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Açık alan rekreasyonu , Macera arayışı , Akış deneyimi , Sserbest zaman tatmini

Outdoor Adventure Recreation: The Mediating Role of Flow Experience in the Relationship Between Adventure Behavior Seeking and Leisure Satisfaction

Öz

This study examines the complex relationships among adventure behavior seeking, recreational flow experience, and leisure satisfaction within the context of outdoor adventure recreation. Although outdoor recreation is widely recognized for promoting physical, psychological, and social well-being, limited research has focused on the psychological mechanisms that transform high-risk and challenging experiences into satisfying leisure outcomes. This study aims to fill that gap by investigating the mediating role of a psychological state known as flow experience in the relationship between individuals' adventure-seeking tendencies and their leisure satisfaction. Data were collected from 1,406 participants who engaged in various outdoor recreational activities such as mountaineering, diving, paragliding, skiing, rafting, hiking, and camping across 142 centers located in 50 different provinces in Turkey. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to test four hypotheses derived from literature on sensation seeking, flow theory, and leisure studies. The findings revealed that adventure behavior seeking positively and significantly influences both recreational flow experience and leisure satisfaction. Furthermore, flow experience was found to directly enhance leisure satisfaction. The most notable finding was that flow experience fully mediated the relationship between adventure behavior seeking and leisure satisfaction. This indicates that flow plays a central role in transforming adventure-oriented behaviors into positive and rewarding leisure experiences. Characterized by high levels of attention, intrinsic motivation, a sense of control, and the merging of action and awareness, flow experience represents the psychological pathway through which individuals participating in outdoor activities derive satisfaction from risky and physically demanding tasks. These findings are consistent with the theoretical model proposed by Csikszentmihalyi and others, which positions flow as not only a core component of optimal experience but also a key determinant of well-being and motivation in the context of leisure. This study makes three primary contributions to the literature. First, it extends flow theory within the framework of outdoor adventure recreation. Second, it provides a validated structural model that can serve as a foundation for future research. Third, it offers practical recommendations for recreation professionals, policymakers, and program developers by identifying flow as a target state in the design of recreational experiences. Based on the results, it is recommended to expand adventure-based programs that promote flow, increase access to outdoor recreation for marginalized or low-income groups, and integrate flow-oriented activities into educational and urban recreation planning. In an era marked by increasing urbanization, stress, and disconnection from nature, understanding how adventure and psychological immersion jointly enhance leisure satisfaction is essential for building healthier and more nature-connected communities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Outdoor recreation , Adventure seeking , Flow experience , Leisure satisfaction

Kaynakça

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