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Erkeklere Uygulanan Dinamik Esneme ve Foam Roller Uygulamalarının Statik ve Dinamik Denge Üzerindeki Akut Etkileri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 389 - 399

Öz

Denge, sportif performans ve yaralanmaların önlenmesinde kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Ancak, yaygın olarak uygulanan ısınma tekniklerinin denge üzerindeki akut etkileri hâlâ netlik kazanmamıştır. Dinamik esnetme ve foam rolling uygulamaları, esnekliği artırmak ve nöromüsküler hazırlığı desteklemek amacıyla sıklıkla tercih edilmekte, ancak bu yöntemlerin denge performansına olan doğrudan etkileri tartışmalıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, dinamik esnetme ve foam rolling protokollerinin rekreasyonel düzeyde aktif erkek bireylerde statik ve dinamik denge performansı üzerindeki akut etkilerini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektir. Çalışmaya, Selçuk Üniversitesi'nden gönüllü olarak katılan, yaş ortalaması 21,42 ± 1,55 yıl, boy ortalaması 178,26 ± 6,28 cm ve vücut ağırlığı ortalaması 71,66 ± 7,42 kg olan toplam 50 fiziksel olarak aktif erkek birey dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcıların tamamı herhangi bir denge bozukluğu, kas-iskelet sistemi yaralanması veya kronik rahatsızlığı bulunmayan bireylerden seçilmiştir. Araştırma, randomize çapraz (crossover) tekrar ölçümlü bir tasarım ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılar her iki protokolü de (dinamik esnetme ve foam rolling) farklı günlerde, en az 48 saatlik dinlenme süresi bırakılarak uygulamış ve ardından denge testlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Her bir protokol 3 dakika sürmüş olup, triseps surae, hamstring ve kuadriseps kas gruplarını hedeflemiştir. Denge ölçümleri, Biodex Balance System kullanılarak hem statik (gözler kapalı) hem de dinamik (gözler açık) koşullarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçülen parametreler arasında Genel Stabilite İndeksi (OSI), Anterior-Posterior Stabilite İndeksi (APSI) ve Medial-Lateral Stabilite İndeksi (MLSI) yer almaktadır. Ölçümler dominant bacak üzerinde, tek ayak duruş pozisyonunda yapılmıştır. Verilerin karşılaştırılmasında eşleştirilmiş t-testi (paired samples t-test) kullanılmıştır. Dinamik denge ölçümlerine göre, dinamik esnetme sonrasında OSI ortalaması 2,63 ± 0,73, foam rolling sonrası ise 2,54 ± 0,68 olarak bulunmuştur. Anterior-posterior indeksi sırasıyla 1,74 ± 0,60 (DE) ve 1,69 ± 0,62 (FR), medial-lateral indeksi ise 1,55 ± 0,45 (DE) ve 1,51 ± 0,41 (FR) olarak ölçülmüştür. İstatistiksel analizlerde dinamik dengeye dair hiçbir parametrede anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır (p > 0,05). Etki büyüklükleri küçük düzeyde kalmış ve 0,09 ile 0,21 arasında değişmiştir. Statik denge performansında ise dinamik esnetme sonrası OSI değeri 2,96 ± 0,73, foam rolling sonrası ise 2,97 ± 0,75 olarak ölçülmüştür. Anterior-posterior indeksi dinamik esnetme için 2,03 ± 0,65 ve foam rolling için 2,12 ± 0,70 olarak kaydedilmiştir. Medial-lateral değerler ise sırasıyla 1,66 ± 0,40 (DE) ve 1,60 ± 0,49 (FR) olarak bulunmuştur. Bu test sonuçlarında da gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamış, tüm p değerleri 0,05’in üzerinde kalmıştır. Cohen’s d etki büyüklükleri bu ölçümler için de çok küçük olup 0,03 ile 0,19 arasında değişmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çalışmada hem dinamik esnetme hem de foam rolling uygulamaları, kısa süreli (akut) etki açısından değerlendirildiğinde, rekreasyonel olarak aktif erkek bireylerin statik ve dinamik denge performansları üzerinde anlamlı bir değişiklik oluşturmamıştır. Dinamik esnetme uygulamasının dinamik denge parametrelerinde küçük çaplı iyileşmeler sağladığı görülse de bu farklar istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyine ulaşmamıştır. Bu bulgular, kısa süreli ısınma uygulamalarının dengeye olan etkisinin sınırlı olduğunu, daha uzun süreli veya farklı içerikteki protokollerin etkisinin incelenmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Amrinder, S., Deepinder, S., & Singh, S. J. (2012). Effect of proprioceptive exercises on balance and center of pressure in athletes with functional ankle instability. Sports Medicine Journal/Medicina Sportivâ, 8(3).
  • Behara, B., & Jacobson, B. H. (2017). Acute effects of deep tissue foam rolling and dynamic stretching on muscular strength, power, and flexibility in division I linemen. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(4), 888-892.
  • Behm, D. G., Cavanaugh, T., Quigley, P., Reid, J. C., Nardi, P. S. M., & Marchetti, P. H. (2016). Acute bouts of upper and lower body static and dynamic stretching increase non-local joint range of motion. European journal of applied physiology, 116, 241-249.
  • Behm, D. G., & Chaouachi, A. (2011). A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. European journal of applied physiology, 111, 2633-2651.
  • Belkhiria-Turki, L., Chaouachi, A., Turki, O., Hammami, R., Chtara, M., Amri, M., . . . Behm, D. (2014). Greater volumes of static and dynamic stretching within a warm-up do not impair star excursion balance performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 54(3), 279-288.
  • Cachupe, W. J., Shifflett, B., Kahanov, L., & Wughalter, E. H. (2001). Reliability of biodex balance system measures. Measurement in physical education and exercise science, 5(2), 97-108.
  • Chatzopoulos, D., Galazoulas, C., Patikas, D., & Kotzamanidis, C. (2014). Acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on balance, agility, reaction time and movement time. Journal of sports science & medicine, 13(2), 403.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed., pp. 77–83). Routledge. Fletcher, I. M., & Jones, B. (2004). The effect of different warm-up stretch protocols on 20 meter sprint performance in trained rugby union players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 18(4), 885-888.
  • Halperin, I., Aboodarda, S. J., Button, D. C., Andersen, L. L., & Behm, D. G. (2014). Roller massager improves range of motion of plantar flexor muscles without subsequent decreases in force parameters. International journal of sports physical therapy, 9(1), 92.
  • Kopec, T. J., Bishop, P. A., & Esco, M. R. (2017). Influence of dynamic stretching and foam rolling on vertical jump. Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, 9(1), 33-38.
  • Kurt, C., & Fırtın, İ. (2016). Comparison of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching exercises on flexibility, agility and anaerobic performance in professional football players. Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation/Turkiye Fiziksel Tip Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 62(3).
  • Lohmann, L. H., Zech, A., Plöschberger, G., Oraže, M., Jochum, D., & Warneke, K. (2024). Acute and chronic effects of stretching on balance: a systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis. Frontiers in Medicine, 11, 1451180.
  • Löklüoğlu, B., Yılmaz, S., Özcan, S., & Tatlıcı, A. (2024). Investigation of balance performance of wrestling and kickboxing athletes. Physical education of students, 28(1), 37-42.
  • MacDonald, G. Z., Penney, M. D., Mullaley, M. E., Cuconato, A. L., Drake, C. D., Behm, D. G., & Button, D. C. (2013). An acute bout of self-myofascial release increases range of motion without a subsequent decrease in muscle activation or force. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(3), 812-821.
  • Manoel, M. E., Harris-Love, M. O., Danoff, J. V., & Miller, T. A. (2008). Acute effects of static, dynamic, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on muscle power in women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(5), 1528-1534.
  • Narducci, E. A. (2017). The Effects of Static Versus Dynamic Stretching on Fall Risk, Balance and Muscle Function in Older Adults: Is Stretching a Beneficial Intervention? , Kent State University,
  • Shim, A. L., Melton, M. L., Fiaud, V., & Dial, M. (2024). Foam Rolling on the Whole Leg and Its Immediate Effects on Postural Control in Collegiate Female Athletes. International Journal of Exercise Science, 17(1), 954.
  • Smith, J. C., Pridgeon, B., & Hall, M. C. (2018). Acute effect of foam rolling and dynamic stretching on flexibility and jump height. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 32(8), 2209-2215. Su, H., Chang, N.-J., Wu, W.-L., Guo, L.-Y., & Chu, I.-H. (2017). Acute effects of foam rolling, static stretching, and dynamic stretching during warm-ups on muscular flexibility and strength in young adults. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 26(6), 469-477.
  • Taskuyu, E., Atceken, D. H., Savga, M. B., Saçikara, A., Atalay, R., & Gungor, H. (2024). Comparison of static and dynamic balance performances of sports science students by gender. Physical Education of Students, 28(5), 261-267.
  • Wallmann, H. W., Player, K. R., & Bugnet, M. (2012). Acute effects of static stretching on balance in young versus elderly adults. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics, 30(4), 301-315.
  • Zhou, W.-S., Lin, J.-H., Chen, S.-C., & Chien, K.-Y. (2019). Effects of dynamic stretching with different loads on hip joint range of motion in the elderly. Journal of sports science & medicine, 18(1), 52.

Acute Effects Of Dynamic Stretchıng and Foam Roller Applications Applied To Men On Static and Dynamic Balance

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 389 - 399

Öz

In Balance plays a critical role in sports performance and injury prevention. However, the acute effects of commonly applied warm-up techniques on balance have not yet been clearly established. Dynamic stretching and foam rolling practices are frequently preferred to improve flexibility and support neuromuscular readiness, yet the direct effects of these methods on balance performance remain debatable. The aim of this study is to comparatively examine the acute effects of dynamic stretching and foam rolling protocols on static and dynamic balance performance in recreationally active male individuals. The study included a total of 50 physically active male participants who voluntarily took part from Selçuk University, with a mean age of 21.42 ± 1.55 years, a mean height of 178.26 ± 6.28 cm, and a mean body weight of 71.66 ± 7.42 kg. All participants were free from any balance disorders, musculoskeletal injuries, or chronic medical conditions. The study was conducted using a randomized crossover repeated-measures design. Each participant performed both protocols (dynamic stretching and foam rolling) on separate days, with at least 48 hours of rest between sessions, and subsequently underwent balance tests. Each protocol lasted for 3 minutes and targeted the triceps surae, hamstrings, and quadriceps muscle groups. Balance measurements were performed using the Biodex Balance System under both static (eyes closed) and dynamic (eyes open) conditions. The measured parameters included the Overall Stability Index (OSI), Anterior-Posterior Stability Index (APSI), and Medial-Lateral Stability Index (MLSI). All measurements were conducted in a single-leg stance on the dominant leg. Paired samples t-tests were used for data comparison. According to the dynamic balance measurements, the OSI following dynamic stretching was 2.63 ± 0.73, while it was 2.54 ± 0.68 after foam rolling. The anterior-posterior index was measured as 1.74 ± 0.60 (DS) and 1.69 ± 0.62 (FR), and the medial-lateral index as 1.55 ± 0.45 (DS) and 1.51 ± 0.41 (FR). Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in any of the dynamic balance parameters (p>0.05). Effect sizes were small, ranging between 0.09 and 0.21. Regarding static balance performance, the OSI was measured as 2.96 ± 0.73 following dynamic stretching and 2.97 ± 0.75 after foam rolling. The anterior-posterior index was recorded as 2.03 ± 0.65 (DS) and 2.12 ± 0.70 (FR). Medial-lateral values were found to be 1.66 ± 0.40 (DS) and 1.60 ± 0.49 (FR), respectively. These test results also indicated no significant differences between the groups, with all p-values above 0.05. Cohen’s d effect sizes for these measurements were also very small, ranging between 0.03 and 0.19. In conclusion, when evaluated in terms of short-term (acute) effects, both dynamic stretching and foam rolling protocols did not lead to significant changes in static and dynamic balance performance among recreationally active male individuals. Although dynamic stretching showed slight improvements in some dynamic balance parameters, these differences did not reach statistical significance. These findings suggest that short-term warm-up interventions have limited effects on balance, and that future research should investigate the effects of longer-duration or differently structured protocols.

Kaynakça

  • Amrinder, S., Deepinder, S., & Singh, S. J. (2012). Effect of proprioceptive exercises on balance and center of pressure in athletes with functional ankle instability. Sports Medicine Journal/Medicina Sportivâ, 8(3).
  • Behara, B., & Jacobson, B. H. (2017). Acute effects of deep tissue foam rolling and dynamic stretching on muscular strength, power, and flexibility in division I linemen. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(4), 888-892.
  • Behm, D. G., Cavanaugh, T., Quigley, P., Reid, J. C., Nardi, P. S. M., & Marchetti, P. H. (2016). Acute bouts of upper and lower body static and dynamic stretching increase non-local joint range of motion. European journal of applied physiology, 116, 241-249.
  • Behm, D. G., & Chaouachi, A. (2011). A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. European journal of applied physiology, 111, 2633-2651.
  • Belkhiria-Turki, L., Chaouachi, A., Turki, O., Hammami, R., Chtara, M., Amri, M., . . . Behm, D. (2014). Greater volumes of static and dynamic stretching within a warm-up do not impair star excursion balance performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 54(3), 279-288.
  • Cachupe, W. J., Shifflett, B., Kahanov, L., & Wughalter, E. H. (2001). Reliability of biodex balance system measures. Measurement in physical education and exercise science, 5(2), 97-108.
  • Chatzopoulos, D., Galazoulas, C., Patikas, D., & Kotzamanidis, C. (2014). Acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on balance, agility, reaction time and movement time. Journal of sports science & medicine, 13(2), 403.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed., pp. 77–83). Routledge. Fletcher, I. M., & Jones, B. (2004). The effect of different warm-up stretch protocols on 20 meter sprint performance in trained rugby union players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 18(4), 885-888.
  • Halperin, I., Aboodarda, S. J., Button, D. C., Andersen, L. L., & Behm, D. G. (2014). Roller massager improves range of motion of plantar flexor muscles without subsequent decreases in force parameters. International journal of sports physical therapy, 9(1), 92.
  • Kopec, T. J., Bishop, P. A., & Esco, M. R. (2017). Influence of dynamic stretching and foam rolling on vertical jump. Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, 9(1), 33-38.
  • Kurt, C., & Fırtın, İ. (2016). Comparison of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching exercises on flexibility, agility and anaerobic performance in professional football players. Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation/Turkiye Fiziksel Tip Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 62(3).
  • Lohmann, L. H., Zech, A., Plöschberger, G., Oraže, M., Jochum, D., & Warneke, K. (2024). Acute and chronic effects of stretching on balance: a systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis. Frontiers in Medicine, 11, 1451180.
  • Löklüoğlu, B., Yılmaz, S., Özcan, S., & Tatlıcı, A. (2024). Investigation of balance performance of wrestling and kickboxing athletes. Physical education of students, 28(1), 37-42.
  • MacDonald, G. Z., Penney, M. D., Mullaley, M. E., Cuconato, A. L., Drake, C. D., Behm, D. G., & Button, D. C. (2013). An acute bout of self-myofascial release increases range of motion without a subsequent decrease in muscle activation or force. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(3), 812-821.
  • Manoel, M. E., Harris-Love, M. O., Danoff, J. V., & Miller, T. A. (2008). Acute effects of static, dynamic, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on muscle power in women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(5), 1528-1534.
  • Narducci, E. A. (2017). The Effects of Static Versus Dynamic Stretching on Fall Risk, Balance and Muscle Function in Older Adults: Is Stretching a Beneficial Intervention? , Kent State University,
  • Shim, A. L., Melton, M. L., Fiaud, V., & Dial, M. (2024). Foam Rolling on the Whole Leg and Its Immediate Effects on Postural Control in Collegiate Female Athletes. International Journal of Exercise Science, 17(1), 954.
  • Smith, J. C., Pridgeon, B., & Hall, M. C. (2018). Acute effect of foam rolling and dynamic stretching on flexibility and jump height. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 32(8), 2209-2215. Su, H., Chang, N.-J., Wu, W.-L., Guo, L.-Y., & Chu, I.-H. (2017). Acute effects of foam rolling, static stretching, and dynamic stretching during warm-ups on muscular flexibility and strength in young adults. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 26(6), 469-477.
  • Taskuyu, E., Atceken, D. H., Savga, M. B., Saçikara, A., Atalay, R., & Gungor, H. (2024). Comparison of static and dynamic balance performances of sports science students by gender. Physical Education of Students, 28(5), 261-267.
  • Wallmann, H. W., Player, K. R., & Bugnet, M. (2012). Acute effects of static stretching on balance in young versus elderly adults. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics, 30(4), 301-315.
  • Zhou, W.-S., Lin, J.-H., Chen, S.-C., & Chien, K.-Y. (2019). Effects of dynamic stretching with different loads on hip joint range of motion in the elderly. Journal of sports science & medicine, 18(1), 52.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sedat Özcan 0000-0002-0428-3883

Halil Güngör 0000-0002-8133-7777

Ali Saçıkara 0009-0004-3504-422X

Muhammed Berk Sağva 0009-0006-3536-3057

Doğukan Hakan Atçeken 0000-0002-9750-615X

Elif Taşkuyu 0000-0002-9724-9149

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 25 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 23 Eylül 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özcan, S., Güngör, H., Saçıkara, A., … Sağva, M. B. (2025). Acute Effects Of Dynamic Stretchıng and Foam Roller Applications Applied To Men On Static and Dynamic Balance. Sportive, 8(2), 389-399.
AMA Özcan S, Güngör H, Saçıkara A, Sağva MB, Atçeken DH, Taşkuyu E. Acute Effects Of Dynamic Stretchıng and Foam Roller Applications Applied To Men On Static and Dynamic Balance. SPORTIVE. Eylül 2025;8(2):389-399.
Chicago Özcan, Sedat, Halil Güngör, Ali Saçıkara, Muhammed Berk Sağva, Doğukan Hakan Atçeken, ve Elif Taşkuyu. “Acute Effects Of Dynamic Stretchıng and Foam Roller Applications Applied To Men On Static and Dynamic Balance”. Sportive 8, sy. 2 (Eylül 2025): 389-99.
EndNote Özcan S, Güngör H, Saçıkara A, Sağva MB, Atçeken DH, Taşkuyu E (01 Eylül 2025) Acute Effects Of Dynamic Stretchıng and Foam Roller Applications Applied To Men On Static and Dynamic Balance. Sportive 8 2 389–399.
IEEE S. Özcan, H. Güngör, A. Saçıkara, M. B. Sağva, D. H. Atçeken, ve E. Taşkuyu, “Acute Effects Of Dynamic Stretchıng and Foam Roller Applications Applied To Men On Static and Dynamic Balance”, SPORTIVE, c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 389–399, 2025.
ISNAD Özcan, Sedat vd. “Acute Effects Of Dynamic Stretchıng and Foam Roller Applications Applied To Men On Static and Dynamic Balance”. Sportive 8/2 (Eylül2025), 389-399.
JAMA Özcan S, Güngör H, Saçıkara A, Sağva MB, Atçeken DH, Taşkuyu E. Acute Effects Of Dynamic Stretchıng and Foam Roller Applications Applied To Men On Static and Dynamic Balance. SPORTIVE. 2025;8:389–399.
MLA Özcan, Sedat vd. “Acute Effects Of Dynamic Stretchıng and Foam Roller Applications Applied To Men On Static and Dynamic Balance”. Sportive, c. 8, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 389-9.
Vancouver Özcan S, Güngör H, Saçıkara A, Sağva MB, Atçeken DH, Taşkuyu E. Acute Effects Of Dynamic Stretchıng and Foam Roller Applications Applied To Men On Static and Dynamic Balance. SPORTIVE. 2025;8(2):389-9.