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SPORUN DUYGULARI TANIMA ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Yıl 2021, , 25 - 36, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.52272/srad.1028570

Öz

Amaç: Başkalarının duygu dışavurumlarını doğru olarak algılayabilme yetisi sözel olmayan iletişimin önemli bir bileşenidir. Bu yeti çevreye uyum sağlamak ve ortamı düzenlemek için gerekli bir yetidir. Kişilerarası ilişkilerde doğru ve başarılı bağlar kurmak, duygu dışavurumu gibi sözel olmayan ipuçlarının doğru yorumlanmasıyla ilintilidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı egzersiz ve spor psikolojisinde oldukça yeni sayılabilecek duygu tanıma becerisinin spor yapan bireyler ile sedanter bireyler arasındaki farklılığını ortaya koymaya çalışmaktır. Spora katılım yüz tanımlama becerisini etkiler mi? sorusuna yanıt aranmaya çalışılacaktır. Araştırmanın bir diğer amacı ise duygu tanıma çalışmalarında sıklıkla kullanılan POFA (Picture of Facial Affect) fotoğraf grubunun egzersiz psikolojisinde kullanılabilirliğini anlamaktır.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya 10 sedanter üniversite öğrencisi (X=23,14+/-1,21) ile milli düzeyde spor yapmakta olan 10 profesyonel sporcu (X=22,56+/-,96) katılmıştır. Katılımcılar SuperLab 5 programı ile kurgulanmış bir duygu tanımlama beceri testine tabii tutulmuşlardır. Katılımcılara 4 farklı yüz ifadesine (mutluluk, korku, kızgın ve üzgün) sahip olan bireylerin fotoğrafları gösterilmiştir. RB-740 tepki pedi kullanılarak bireylerin hangi duygulara sahip olduklarını bilmeleri istenmiştir. Deney sonunda katılımcıların doğru bildikleri duygu sayıları ve bu duyguları tahmin ederken ki tepki hızları Bağımsız gruplarda t-testi kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Yapılan analizler sonucunda milli düzeyde spora katılım sağlayan sporcular hem duygu tanıma becerilerin de hem de bu duyguları tahmin ederken ki tepki hızlarından sedanter bireylere göre anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek oranda ortalamalar elde etmişlerdir.
Sonuç: Profesyonel spora katılım hem duygu tanımlama becerileri üzerinde hem de bu duyguları hızlı bir şekilde tanıma yetisi üzerinde olumlu etkiler yaratır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Egzersiz, Spor, Duygu Tanıma Becerisi, Yüz Tanıma Becerisi, Performans.

Kaynakça

  • Adelmann, P. K., & Zajonc, R. (1989). Facial efference and the experience of emotion. Annual Review of Psychology, 40, 249-280.
  • Archer, R. P., (2006). A Survey of Psychological Test Use Patterns Among Forensic Psychologists. Journal of Personality Assessment Volume 87, - Issue 1.
  • Arlinger, S. (2003). Negative consequences of uncorrected hearing loss––a review. International Journal of Audiology 2003; 42:2 S17–2 S20.
  • Atkinson, R. T., Atkinson, R. C., ve Hilgard, E. R. (1995). Psikolojiye giriş- I (Çev. K. Atakay, M. Atakay ve A. Yavuz). İstanbul: Sosyal Yayınları.
  • Austin, E. J., Saklofske, D. H., Huang, S. H. S., & McKenney, D. (2004). Measurement of trait emotional intelligence: Testing and cross validating as modified version of Schutte et al.’s (1998) measure. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 555–562.
  • Austin, E. J., Farrelly, D., Black, C., Moore, H. (2007). Emotional intelligence, Machiavellianism and emotional manipulation: Does EI have a dark side? Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 43, Issue 1, July, Pages 179-189.
  • Babic, V., Ciliga, D., Gracin, F., Bobic, T. T. (2011). Sport for people with disabilities in Croatia.
  • Barsalou, L. W., Niedenthal, P. M., Barbey, A. K., & Ruppert, J. A. (2003). Social embodiment. In B. H. Ross (Ed.), The psychology of leaming and motivation. Vol. 43 (pp. 43- 92). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Bell, C., Bourke, C., Colhoun, H., Carter, F., Frampton, C., & Porter, R. (2011). The misclassification of facial expressions in generalized social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 278e283.
  • Boloorizadeh, P. & Tojari, F. (2013). Facial expression recognition: Age, gender and exposure duration impact. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 7/9; 1369-1375. Button, K., Lewis, G., Penton-Voak, I., & Munaf_o, M. (2013). Social anxiety is associated with general but not specific biases in emotion recognition. Psychiatry Research, 210, 199 207.
  • Carton, J. S., Kessler, E. A., Pape, C. L. (1999). Nonverbal decoding skills and relationship well-being in adults. J Nonverb Behav;23:91-100.
  • Cetin, N., Demiralp, M., Oflaz, F., Ozşahin, A. (2013). Şizofreni hastalarının gunluk yaşam aktivite duzeyi ile aile uyelerinin bakım yuku ve dışa vuran duygu durumu ilişkisi, Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2013; 14:19-26
  • Darwin, C. (1872). The expression of the emotions in man and animals., London,: J. Murray. vi, 374 p.
  • Duelos, S. E., Laird, J. D., Schneider, E., Sexter, M., Stem, L., & Van Lighten, O. (1989). Emotion-specific effects of facial expressions and postures on emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 100-108.
  • Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1971). Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of personality and social psychology, 17(2), 124.
  • Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1976). Picture of Facial Affect. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
  • Flack, W. F. (2006). Peripheral feedback effects of facial expressions, bodily postures, and vocal expressions on emotional feelings. Cognition and Emotion, 20, 177-195. doi: 10.1080/02699930500359617.
  • Gutierrez-Garcia, A., & Calvo, M. G. (2014). Social anxiety and interpretation of nongenuine smiles. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 27, 74- 89.
  • Hipp, G., Diederich, N. J., Pieria, V., Vaillant, M. (2014). Primary vision and facial emotion recognition in early Parkinson’s disease. Journal of the Neurological Sciences;338:178-182.
  • Işık, U. (2017). Farklı duyguları tanımada ciddi serbest zamana katılımın ve işitme engelinin rolu (Kişilik ve duygusal zeka boyutlarıyla), Dumlupınar Universitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitusu, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Kutahya.
  • Işık, U., Kalkavan, A.,Demirel, M., Başoğlu, U.D., Serdar, E. (2018). The Effect Of Personality in Recognising Emotions of Amateur Football and Basketball Players. IV. International Exercise And Sport Psychology Congress, İstanbul.
  • Izard, C. E. (1990). Facial expressions and the regulation of emotions.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 487-498.
  • James, W. (1890). Principles of psychology (2 vols.). New York: Holt.
  • Johnston, P. J., McCabe, K., Schall, U. (2003). Differential susceptibility to performance degradation across categories of facial emotion: A model confirmation. Biol Psychol;63:45-58.
  • Jusyte, A., & Sch€onenberg, M. (2014). Threat processing in generalized social phobia: an investigation of interpretation biases in ambiguous facial affect. Psychiatry Research, 27, 100-106.
  • Laird, J. D. (1984). The real role of facial response in the experience of emotion: A reply to ourangeau and Ellsworth, and others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 909 917.
  • Leveille, E., Guay, S., Blais, C., Scherzer, P., & De Beaumont, L. (2017). Sex-related differences in emotion recognition in multi-concussed athletes. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 23(1), 65-77.
  • Mancuso, M., Magnani, N., Cantagallo, A., Rossi, G., Capitani, D., Galletti, V., ... & Robertson, I. H. (2015). Emotion recognition impairment in traumatic brain injury compared with schizophrenia spectrum: similar deficits with different origins. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 203(2), 87-95.
  • Matsumuto, D., ve Willingham, B. (2009). Spontaneous facial expressions of emotion of congenitally and noncongenitally blind individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 96(1), Jan, 1-10.
  • Mclntosh, D. N. (1996). Facial feedback hypotheses: Evidence, implications, and directions. Motivation and Emotion, 2, 121-147.
  • Niedenthal, P. M., Barsalou, L. W., Winkielman, P., Krauth-Gruber, S., & Ric, F. (2005). Embodiment in attitudes, social perception, and emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9, 184-211.
  • Philippen, P., Frank C. Bakken, Raoul R. D. Oudejans & Rouwen Canal- Bruland (2012). The Effects of Smiling and Frowning on Perceived Affect and Exertion While Physically Active Journal of Sport Behavior,Vol. 35, No.
  • Rejeski, W. J., Best, D., Griffith, P., & Kenney, E. (1987). Sex-role orientation and the response of men to exercise stress. Research Quarterly, 58, 260-264.
  • Shih, Y. L., & Lin, C. Y. (2016). The relationship between action anticipation and emotion recognition in athletes of open skill sports. Cognitive processing, 17(3), 259-268.
  • Soussignan, R. (2002). Duchenne smile, emotional experience, and automatic reactivity: A test of the facial feedback hypothesis. Emotion, 2, 52-74. doi:10.1037//1528-3542.2.1.52.
  • Stepper, S., & Strack, F. (1993). Proprioceptive determinants of emotions and nonemotional feelings. Joumal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 211-220.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
  • Ulusoy, E.K., Ayar, E., Bayındırlı, D. (2015). İdiopatik Parkinson Hastalığında Yuzde Duygu Tanıma ve Ayırt Etme Bozukluğu, DOI: 10.4274/tnd.44227.
  • Wagenbreth, C., Rieger, J., Heinze, H. J., Zaehle, T. (2016). Seeing emotions in theeyes—inverse priming effects induced by eyes expressing mental states,Front. Psychol. 17, 1039.
  • Winton, W. M. (1986). The role of facial response in self-reports of emotion: A critique of Laird. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 808-812.

EFFECT OF SPORT ON EMOTION RECOGNITION

Yıl 2021, , 25 - 36, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.52272/srad.1028570

Öz

Aim: The ability to accurately perceive the emotional expressions of others is an important component of non-verbal communication. This ability is a necessary skill for adapting to the environment and regulating the environment. Establishing correct and successful bonds in interpersonal relationships is related to the correct interpretation of non-verbal cues such as emotion expression. The aim of the present study was try to reveal the difference of emotion recognition skill, which can be considered quite new in exercise and sports psychology, between individuals who do sports and sedentary individuals. Does participation in sports affect facial recognition skills? The answer to the question was sought. Another aim of the research was to understand the usability of the POFA (Picture of Facial Affect) photograph group, which is frequently used in emotion recognition studies, in exercise psychology.
Method: 10 sedentary university students (X=23.14+/-1.21) and 10 professional national athletes (X=22.56+/-.96) were participated in the study. Participants were subjected to an emotion identification skill test designed with the Super Lab 5 program. Photographs of individuals with 4 different facial expressions (happiness, fear, angry and sad) were shown to the participants and they had using the RB-740 response pad to know which emotions. At the end of the experiment, the number of emotions that the participants knew correctly and their reaction speed when predicting these emotions were compared using the t-test in independent groups.Findings: Yapılan analizler sonucunda milli düzeyde spora katılım sağlayan sporcular hem duygu tanıma becerilerin de hem de bu duyguları tahmin ederken ki tepki hızlarından sedanter bireylere göre anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek oranda ortalamalar elde etmişlerdir.
Findings: As a result of the analysis, the athletes participating in sports at the national level achieved significantly higher averages both in their emotion recognition skills and in their reaction speed when estimating these emotions, compared to sedentary individuals.
Conclusion: Participation in professional sports has positive effects both on emotion recognition skills and on the ability to recognize these emotions quickly.
Keywords: Exercise, Sports, Emotion Recognition Skills, Face Recognition Skills, Performance.

Kaynakça

  • Adelmann, P. K., & Zajonc, R. (1989). Facial efference and the experience of emotion. Annual Review of Psychology, 40, 249-280.
  • Archer, R. P., (2006). A Survey of Psychological Test Use Patterns Among Forensic Psychologists. Journal of Personality Assessment Volume 87, - Issue 1.
  • Arlinger, S. (2003). Negative consequences of uncorrected hearing loss––a review. International Journal of Audiology 2003; 42:2 S17–2 S20.
  • Atkinson, R. T., Atkinson, R. C., ve Hilgard, E. R. (1995). Psikolojiye giriş- I (Çev. K. Atakay, M. Atakay ve A. Yavuz). İstanbul: Sosyal Yayınları.
  • Austin, E. J., Saklofske, D. H., Huang, S. H. S., & McKenney, D. (2004). Measurement of trait emotional intelligence: Testing and cross validating as modified version of Schutte et al.’s (1998) measure. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 555–562.
  • Austin, E. J., Farrelly, D., Black, C., Moore, H. (2007). Emotional intelligence, Machiavellianism and emotional manipulation: Does EI have a dark side? Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 43, Issue 1, July, Pages 179-189.
  • Babic, V., Ciliga, D., Gracin, F., Bobic, T. T. (2011). Sport for people with disabilities in Croatia.
  • Barsalou, L. W., Niedenthal, P. M., Barbey, A. K., & Ruppert, J. A. (2003). Social embodiment. In B. H. Ross (Ed.), The psychology of leaming and motivation. Vol. 43 (pp. 43- 92). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Bell, C., Bourke, C., Colhoun, H., Carter, F., Frampton, C., & Porter, R. (2011). The misclassification of facial expressions in generalized social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 278e283.
  • Boloorizadeh, P. & Tojari, F. (2013). Facial expression recognition: Age, gender and exposure duration impact. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 7/9; 1369-1375. Button, K., Lewis, G., Penton-Voak, I., & Munaf_o, M. (2013). Social anxiety is associated with general but not specific biases in emotion recognition. Psychiatry Research, 210, 199 207.
  • Carton, J. S., Kessler, E. A., Pape, C. L. (1999). Nonverbal decoding skills and relationship well-being in adults. J Nonverb Behav;23:91-100.
  • Cetin, N., Demiralp, M., Oflaz, F., Ozşahin, A. (2013). Şizofreni hastalarının gunluk yaşam aktivite duzeyi ile aile uyelerinin bakım yuku ve dışa vuran duygu durumu ilişkisi, Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2013; 14:19-26
  • Darwin, C. (1872). The expression of the emotions in man and animals., London,: J. Murray. vi, 374 p.
  • Duelos, S. E., Laird, J. D., Schneider, E., Sexter, M., Stem, L., & Van Lighten, O. (1989). Emotion-specific effects of facial expressions and postures on emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 100-108.
  • Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1971). Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of personality and social psychology, 17(2), 124.
  • Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1976). Picture of Facial Affect. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
  • Flack, W. F. (2006). Peripheral feedback effects of facial expressions, bodily postures, and vocal expressions on emotional feelings. Cognition and Emotion, 20, 177-195. doi: 10.1080/02699930500359617.
  • Gutierrez-Garcia, A., & Calvo, M. G. (2014). Social anxiety and interpretation of nongenuine smiles. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 27, 74- 89.
  • Hipp, G., Diederich, N. J., Pieria, V., Vaillant, M. (2014). Primary vision and facial emotion recognition in early Parkinson’s disease. Journal of the Neurological Sciences;338:178-182.
  • Işık, U. (2017). Farklı duyguları tanımada ciddi serbest zamana katılımın ve işitme engelinin rolu (Kişilik ve duygusal zeka boyutlarıyla), Dumlupınar Universitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitusu, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Kutahya.
  • Işık, U., Kalkavan, A.,Demirel, M., Başoğlu, U.D., Serdar, E. (2018). The Effect Of Personality in Recognising Emotions of Amateur Football and Basketball Players. IV. International Exercise And Sport Psychology Congress, İstanbul.
  • Izard, C. E. (1990). Facial expressions and the regulation of emotions.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 487-498.
  • James, W. (1890). Principles of psychology (2 vols.). New York: Holt.
  • Johnston, P. J., McCabe, K., Schall, U. (2003). Differential susceptibility to performance degradation across categories of facial emotion: A model confirmation. Biol Psychol;63:45-58.
  • Jusyte, A., & Sch€onenberg, M. (2014). Threat processing in generalized social phobia: an investigation of interpretation biases in ambiguous facial affect. Psychiatry Research, 27, 100-106.
  • Laird, J. D. (1984). The real role of facial response in the experience of emotion: A reply to ourangeau and Ellsworth, and others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 909 917.
  • Leveille, E., Guay, S., Blais, C., Scherzer, P., & De Beaumont, L. (2017). Sex-related differences in emotion recognition in multi-concussed athletes. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 23(1), 65-77.
  • Mancuso, M., Magnani, N., Cantagallo, A., Rossi, G., Capitani, D., Galletti, V., ... & Robertson, I. H. (2015). Emotion recognition impairment in traumatic brain injury compared with schizophrenia spectrum: similar deficits with different origins. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 203(2), 87-95.
  • Matsumuto, D., ve Willingham, B. (2009). Spontaneous facial expressions of emotion of congenitally and noncongenitally blind individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 96(1), Jan, 1-10.
  • Mclntosh, D. N. (1996). Facial feedback hypotheses: Evidence, implications, and directions. Motivation and Emotion, 2, 121-147.
  • Niedenthal, P. M., Barsalou, L. W., Winkielman, P., Krauth-Gruber, S., & Ric, F. (2005). Embodiment in attitudes, social perception, and emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9, 184-211.
  • Philippen, P., Frank C. Bakken, Raoul R. D. Oudejans & Rouwen Canal- Bruland (2012). The Effects of Smiling and Frowning on Perceived Affect and Exertion While Physically Active Journal of Sport Behavior,Vol. 35, No.
  • Rejeski, W. J., Best, D., Griffith, P., & Kenney, E. (1987). Sex-role orientation and the response of men to exercise stress. Research Quarterly, 58, 260-264.
  • Shih, Y. L., & Lin, C. Y. (2016). The relationship between action anticipation and emotion recognition in athletes of open skill sports. Cognitive processing, 17(3), 259-268.
  • Soussignan, R. (2002). Duchenne smile, emotional experience, and automatic reactivity: A test of the facial feedback hypothesis. Emotion, 2, 52-74. doi:10.1037//1528-3542.2.1.52.
  • Stepper, S., & Strack, F. (1993). Proprioceptive determinants of emotions and nonemotional feelings. Joumal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 211-220.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
  • Ulusoy, E.K., Ayar, E., Bayındırlı, D. (2015). İdiopatik Parkinson Hastalığında Yuzde Duygu Tanıma ve Ayırt Etme Bozukluğu, DOI: 10.4274/tnd.44227.
  • Wagenbreth, C., Rieger, J., Heinze, H. J., Zaehle, T. (2016). Seeing emotions in theeyes—inverse priming effects induced by eyes expressing mental states,Front. Psychol. 17, 1039.
  • Winton, W. M. (1986). The role of facial response in self-reports of emotion: A critique of Laird. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 808-812.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Utku Işık 0000-0003-1877-3960

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Kabul Tarihi 25 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Işık, U. (2021). SPORUN DUYGULARI TANIMA ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ. Spor Ve Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 25-36. https://doi.org/10.52272/srad.1028570

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Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.