Bedensel Engelli ve Engelli Olmayan Sporcularda Tükenmişlik ve Mükemmeliyetçilik

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı bedensel engelli olan ve olmayan sporcularının tükenmişlik ve mükemmeliyetçilik düzeylerini ortaya çıkarmak ve birbiriyle olan ilişkisini incelemektir. Nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama deseni kullanılan çalışmanın örneklemini farklı branşlarda (ampute futbol, oturarak voleybol, tekerlekli sandalye basketbol, yüzme, masa tenisi) yarışan 69 bedensel engelli sporcu (17 kadın, 52 erkek; X̄yaş = 31.10 ± 10.48) ve farklı branşlarda (futbol, basketbol, yüzme, curling, judo, taekwondo, kickboks) yarışan 79 engelli olmayan sporcu (31 kadın, 48 erkek; X̄yaş = 21.84 ± 3.89) olmak üzere toplam 148 lisanslı sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan kişisel bilgi formu ile Raedeke ve Smith’in (2001) geliştirdiği, Kelecek vd. (2016) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlaması yapılan 13 madde, 3 alt boyuttan oluşan Sporcu Tükenmişlik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca Dunn vd. (2002) tarafından geliştirilen Çepikkurt (2011) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan 19 madde, 3 alt boyuttan oluşan Spora Özgü Çok Boyutlu Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği (Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale in Sport) de uygulanmıştır. Veriler Google Formlar aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi için SPSS 25.0 istatistik paket programı kullanılmıştır. Normallik testi sonucunda çarpıklık basıklık değerlerine göre verilerin normal dağılım gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Bu sebeple ikili karşılaştırmalar için t testi ve ölçekler arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmek amacıyla Pearson Korelasyon testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına bakıldığında analiz sonuçlarında bedensel engelli ve engelli olmayan sporcuların tükenmişlik düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak engelli olmayan sporcular lehine anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Bedensel engelli sporcularda tükenmişlik ve mükemmeliyetçilik düzeyleri arasında orta derecede pozitif yönlü (r=,385); engelli olmayan sporcularda ise düşük derecede pozitif yönlü (r=,250); ilişki bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın sonucunda bedensel engelli olan sporcuların tükenmişlik düzeylerinin engelli olmayan sporculara göre daha düşük olduğu bulunmuştur. Her iki grupta da mükemmeliyetçilik ve tükenmişlik düzeylerinde pozitif yönlü ilişki saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Engelli sporcular
• tükenmişlik
• mükemmeliyetçilik

Burnout and Perfectionism in Physically Disabled and Non-Disabled Athletes

Öz

The aim of this study is to reveal the burnout and perfectionism levels of athletes with and without physical disabilities and to examine their relationships with each other. The sample of the study, in which the relational screening design, one of the quantitative research methods, was used, consists of a total of 148 licensed athletes, including 69 physically disabled athletes (17 women, 52 men; X̄age = 31.10 ± 10.48) competing in different branches (amputee football, sitting volleyball, wheelchair basketball, swimming, table tennis) and 79 non-disabled athletes (31 women, 48 men; X̄age = 21.84 ± 3.89) competing in different branches (football, basketball, swimming, curling, judo, taekwondo, kickboxing). As a data collection tool, the personal information form created by the researchers and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire was used developed by Raedeke and Smith (2001), which consists of 13 items and 3 sub-dimensions, adapted into Turkish by Kelecek et al. (2016). Also, Dunn et al. (2002) was developed and adapted into Turkish by Çepikkurt (2011), the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale for Athletes, which consists of 19 items and 3 sub-dimensions, was also applied. Data were obtained via Google Forms. The SPSS 25.0 statistical package program was used for the analysis of the data. As a result of the normality test, it was found that the data showed a normal distribution according to the skewness and kurtosis values. For this reason, the t test for pairwise comparisons and the Pearson correlation test were applied to determine the relationship between the scales. As a result of the analysis, a statistically significant difference was found between the burnout levels of the physically disabled and non-disabled athletes in favor of the non-disabled athletes (p < 0.05). There was a moderate positive direction between burnout and perfectionism levels in physically disabled athletes (r =.385); in non-disabled athletes, a low degree of positive direction (r =.250); a relationship was found. It was found that the burnout levels of the physically disabled athletes were lower than those of the non-disabled athletes. There was determined to be a positive correlation between perfectionism and burnout levels in both groups.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disabled athletes
• burnout
• perfectionism

Kaynakça

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