Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

YAKIN AÇIK ALAN REKREASYON AKTİVİTELERİNİN İYİ OLMA HALİ, PSİKOLOJİK DAYANIKLILIK, YENİLENME DENEYİMİ, YAŞAM DOYUMU VE İŞ TATMİNİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 1 - 20, 30.06.2019

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada,
yakın açık rekreasyon alanları (doğal alanlar) üzerinde durulmuş, ilgili
alanlarda geçirilen vakit ile iyi olma hali, psikolojik dayanıklılık, yenilenme
deneyimi, yaşam doyumu ve iş tatmini kavramları arasındaki ilişki ve etkileşim
istatistiksel olarak ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.



Yöntem: Araştırma için,
2018 yılı Mart-Haziran aylarında, İstanbul’un Beşiktaş, Bakırköy, Beyoğlu,
Şişli ve Fatih ilçelerinde ikamet eden ve çalışan 103’ü kadın, 243’ü erkek
olmak üzere toplam 346 kişiye (beyaz yakalı) anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada,
yakın açık rekreasyon alanlarına yönelik mekânsal ölçek, iyi olma hali,
psikolojik dayanıklılık, yenilenme deneyimi, yaşam doyum ve iş tatmini
ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizi, SPSS 22.0 programında
yapılmıştır. Frekans analizi, faktör analizi, güvenirlik analizi, korelasyon ve
regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Anlam düzeyi p<0.05 alınmıştır.



Bulgular: İlgili doğal
alanlarda geçirilen vakit açısından bakıldığında, katılımcıların az vakit
geçirdikleri ve daha çok yürüyüş yapmak, çocuklarla vakit geçirmek ve piknik
yapmak gibi amaçlarla bu alanları ziyaret ettikleri görülmüştür. Diğer
taraftan, ilgili alanlara gerçekleştirilen ziyaretlerin, bağımlı değişkenler
ile arasında oldukça zayıf bir ilişki bulunmuş ya da herhangi bir ilişki
bulunamamıştır (p>0.05).



Sonuç: Araştırmanın
sonucunda, katılımcıların ilgili doğal alanlarda geçirdikleri vakit ile iyi
olma halleri arasında ilişki katsayısı oldukça düşük bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, yakın
açık alanlara yapılan ziyaret ile diğer bağımlı değişkenlere ait bazı boyutlar
arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki ve etkileşim ortaya
çıkmamıştır (p>0.05).     

Kaynakça

  • Altunel, M. C., Akova, O. (2016). Yenilenme Deneyimini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Tatil Esnasında İş ve Tatille İlgili Akıllı Telefon Kullanımı, İşle Tatilin Birbirine Karışması ve Deneyimleme Kalitesi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18 (2), 341-360.
  • Aydın, E. (2017). Spor Yapan Üniversite Personelinin İş Doyum Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Educational Studies, 4 (1), 89-113.
  • Bell, S., Tyrväinen, L., Sievänen, T., Pröbstl, U., & Simpson, M. (2007). Outdoor recreation and nature tourism: A European perspective. Living Reviews in Landscape Research, 1(2), 1-46.
  • Biedenweg, K., Scott, R. P., Scott, T. A. (2017). How does engaging with nature relate to life satisfaction? Demonstrating the link between environment-specific social experiences and life satisfaction. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 50, 112-124.
  • Bogar, C. B., Hulse-Killacky, D. (2006). Resiliency Determinants and Resiliency Processes Among Female AdultSurvivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84, 318-327.
  • Brosschot, J.F., Pieper, S., Thayer, J.F. (2005). Expanding Stress Theory: Prolonged Activation and Perseverative Cognition. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30, 1043-1049.
  • Buchecker, M., Degenhardt, B. (2015). The Effects of Urban Inhabitants' Nearby Outdoor Recreation on Their Well-Being and Psychological Resilience. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, (10), 55-62.
  • Chen, J., Davis, K. G., Daraiseh, N. M., Pan, W., Davis, L. S. (2014). Fatigue and recovery in 12‐hour dayshift hospital nurses. Journal of Nursing Management. 22 (5), 593-603.
  • Cole, D.N., Hall, T.E. (2010). Experiencing the restorative components of wilderness environments: Does congestion interfere and does length of exposure matter. Environment and Behavior, 42:6,806-823.
  • Chu, C., Simpson, R. (1994). Ecological Public Health: From Vision to Practice. Nathan, Queensland Centre for Health Promotion, Toronto and Institute of Applied Environmental Research.
  • Çelik, M., Turunç, Ö., Bilgin, N. (2013). Çalışanların Örgütsel Adalet Algılarının Psikolojik Sermaye Üzerine Etkisi: Çalışanların İyilik Halinin Düzenleyici Rolü. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16 (4), 559-585.
  • Dağlı, A., Baysal, N. (2016). Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15 (59), 1250-1262.
  • Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of personality assessment, 49 (1), 71-75.
  • Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research, 31(2), 103-157.
  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological bulletin, 125 (2), 276.
  • Fischer, A. R., Holz, K. B. (2010). Testing a model of women’s personal sense of justice, control, well-being, and distress in the context sexist descrimination. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 34. 297-310.
  • Frauman, E., Shaffer, F. (2017). Connectedness to nature and life satisfaction among college outdoor program staff. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 9 (2), 240-243.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2000). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3(1), 1a.
  • Gladwell, V.F., Brown, D.K., Barton, J.L., Tarvainen, M.P., Kuoppa, P., Pretty, J. (2012). The effects of views of nature on autonomic control. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(9), 3379–3386.
  • Gökdağ, M. (2013). Araştırma Yöntemleri. http://tumdersnotlarim.blogspot.com/2013/10/arastrma-yontemleri.html (Erişim tarihi: 04.02.19).
  • Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57 (1), 35-43.
  • Güler, M., Dönmez, A. (2011). İyi Olma Hali Bağlamında Uyum Düzeyi Kuramı ve Hedonik Döngü. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 14 (27), 38-45.
  • Ingulli, K., Lindbloom, G. (2013). Connection to Nature and Psychological Resilience. Ecopsychology, 5 (1), 52-55.
  • Judge, T.A., Locke, E.A., Durham, C.C., Kluger, A.N. (1998). Dispositional effects on job and life satisfaction: The role of core evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 17–34.
  • Judge T., Klinger, R. (2008). Job Satisfaction: Subjective Well-Being at Work. Içinde: Eid, M. ve Larsen, R., (Eds)., The Science of Subjective Well-Being, Guilford Publications, New York, 393-413.
  • Kahneman, D., Diener, E., Schwarz, N. (Eds.). (1999). Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology. New York, NY, US: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007-1022.
  • Korpela, K., Borodulin, K., Neuvonen, M., Paronen, O., Tyrväinen, L. (2014). Analyzing the mediators between nature-based outdoor recreation and emotional well-being. Journal of environmental psychology, 37, 1-7.
  • Koydemir, S. (2018). İyi ve Mutlu bir Yaşam için Doğayla İç İçe Olun. http://seldakoydemir.com/iyi-ve-mutlu-bir-yasam-icin-dogayla-ic-ice-olun/ (Erişim tarihi: 20.12.2018).
  • Kozak, M. (2017). Rekreasyon Eğitimi Üzerine. https://www.turizmgazetesi.com/article.aspx?id=83750 (Erişim tarihi: 20.12.2018).
  • Leppert, K., Koch, B., Brähler, E., Strauss, B. (2008). Die Resilienzskala (RS): Überprüfung der Langform RS-25 und einer Kurzform RS-13. Klinische Diagnostik und Evaluation, 1, 2 (pp. 226–243), 226–243.
  • Maller, C. vd. (2006). Healthy nature healthy people: ‘contact with nature’ as an upstream health promotion intervention for populations. Health Promotion International, 21 (1), 45-54.
  • Mayer, F. S., McPherson-Frantz, C. (2004). The connectedness to nature scale: A measure of individuals’ feeling in community with nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24 (4), 503-515.
  • Oshagbemi, T. (2003). Personal correlates of job satisfaction: empirical evidence from UK universities. International Journal of Social Economics, 30 (12), 1210-1232.
  • Özdemir, A., Kıray-Vural, B. (2015). Yaşlıların Doğa/Bahçe Algıları Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Denizli Örneği. İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat Ve Tasarım Dergisi. 5 (11). 65-77.
  • Parkinson, B., Totterdell, P. (1999). Classifying Affect-regulation Strategies. Cognition and Emotıon, 13 (3), 277-303.
  • Pelletier, C. L. (2004). The effect of music on decreasing arousal due to stress: A meta analysis. Journal of Music Therapy, 41, 192–214.
  • Pietilä, M., Neuvonen, M., Borodulin, K., Korpela, K., Sievänen, T., Tyrväinen, L. (2015). Relationships between exposure to urban green spaces, physical activity and self-rated health. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 10, 44-54.
  • Pollard, E. L., Lee, P. D. (2003). Child Well-being: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Social Indicators Research, 61 (1). 59-78.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
  • Seeland, K., Moser, K., Scheuthle, H., Kaiser, F.G. (2002), “Public acceptance of restrictions imposed on recreational activities in the peri-urban Nature Reserve Sihlwald,
  • Switzerland”, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 1(1): 49–57.
  • Seligman, M. (2018). PERMA and the building blocks of well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13 (4). 333-335.
  • Sherman, S.A., Mc Cuskey Shepley, M., Vami, J.W. (2005). Children’s Environments and Health- Related Quality of Life: Evidence informing Pediatric Healthcare Environmental Design. Children. Youth and Environments 15(1): 186-223.
  • Sonnentag, S., Fritz, C. (2007). The Recovery Experience Questionnaire: Development and Validation of a Measure for Assessing Recuperation and Unwinding From Work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12 (3), 204-221.
  • Stratham, J. and Chase, E (2010). Childhood wellbeing: a brief overview. London: Childhood Wellbeing Research Centre, Briefing Paper 1.
  • Tyrv¨ainen, L., Silvennoinen, H., Kolehmainen, O. (2003), “Ecological and Aesthetic Values be Combined in Urban Forest Management”, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 1(3): 135–149.
  • Tütüncü, Ö., Kiremitçi, İ., Çalışkan, U. (2011). Sağlık Turizmi, Güvenlik ve Kalite. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22 (1), 91-93.
  • Tütüncü, Ö., Aydın, İ. (2012). Toplum ve Açık Hava Rekreasyon Faaliyetleri: ABD Örneği. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 25 (1), 118-120.
  • Wagnild, G. M., Young, H. M. (1993). Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1 (2), 165-178.
  • Weiss, H. M. (2002). Deconstructing job satisfaction: Separating evaluations, beliefs and affective experiences. Human Resource Management Review, 12(2), 173-194.
  • Whitehouse, S., Vami, J.W., Seid, M., Cooper- Marcus, C., Ensberg, M.J., Jacobs, J.R., Mehlenbeck, R.S. (2001). Evaluating a Children’s Hospital Garden Environment. Utilization and Consumer Satisfaction, Journal of Environmental Psychology. 21, 301-314.
  • Yerlisu-Lapa, T. (2013). Life satisfaction, leisure satisfaction and perceived freedom of park recreation participants. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 1985-1993.

THE EFFECTS OF NEARBY OUTDOOR RECREATION ACTIVITIES ON WELLBEING, PSYCOLOGICAL RESILIENCE, RECOVERY EXPERIENCE, LIFE AND SATISFACTİON

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 1 - 20, 30.06.2019

Öz

Aim: This study
focuses on nearby outdoor recreation activities (natural places) and tries to
statistically prove the relation and interaction among the time spent around
the places mentioned and well-being, psychological resilience, recovery
experience, life and job saisfaction.

Method: The
questionnaire was applied to a total of 346 white colars ( 103 women and 243
men) working and dwelling in the disticts of Beşiktaş, Bakırköy, Beyoğlu, Şişli
and Fatih in İstanbul between March-June of 2018. In this study, a spatial
scale referring to nearby outdoor recreations, well-being, psychological
resilience, recovery experience, life and job satisfaction scales were used and
the analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0. The acquired data was evaluated by
frequency-analysis, factor analysis, reliability-analysis, correlation and
regression. Meaning level was taken as p<0.05.

Findings: When considered
from the point of time spent around the natural places mentioned, the results
show that the participants spend limited time and mostly visit those places for
a walk, spend time with children or to picnic. Yet, a quiet poor relation or no
relation was found among the amount of time spent in natural places and other
dependant variances (p>0.05).







Conclusion: As a result of
study, the relation coefficient between the nearby outdoor recreation and
well-being was found to be very low. In addition, a statistically significant
relation or interaction was not found between the visits to the nearby outdoor
places and sub-dimensions belonging to the other dependant variances
(p>0.05).       

Kaynakça

  • Altunel, M. C., Akova, O. (2016). Yenilenme Deneyimini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Tatil Esnasında İş ve Tatille İlgili Akıllı Telefon Kullanımı, İşle Tatilin Birbirine Karışması ve Deneyimleme Kalitesi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18 (2), 341-360.
  • Aydın, E. (2017). Spor Yapan Üniversite Personelinin İş Doyum Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Educational Studies, 4 (1), 89-113.
  • Bell, S., Tyrväinen, L., Sievänen, T., Pröbstl, U., & Simpson, M. (2007). Outdoor recreation and nature tourism: A European perspective. Living Reviews in Landscape Research, 1(2), 1-46.
  • Biedenweg, K., Scott, R. P., Scott, T. A. (2017). How does engaging with nature relate to life satisfaction? Demonstrating the link between environment-specific social experiences and life satisfaction. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 50, 112-124.
  • Bogar, C. B., Hulse-Killacky, D. (2006). Resiliency Determinants and Resiliency Processes Among Female AdultSurvivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84, 318-327.
  • Brosschot, J.F., Pieper, S., Thayer, J.F. (2005). Expanding Stress Theory: Prolonged Activation and Perseverative Cognition. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30, 1043-1049.
  • Buchecker, M., Degenhardt, B. (2015). The Effects of Urban Inhabitants' Nearby Outdoor Recreation on Their Well-Being and Psychological Resilience. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, (10), 55-62.
  • Chen, J., Davis, K. G., Daraiseh, N. M., Pan, W., Davis, L. S. (2014). Fatigue and recovery in 12‐hour dayshift hospital nurses. Journal of Nursing Management. 22 (5), 593-603.
  • Cole, D.N., Hall, T.E. (2010). Experiencing the restorative components of wilderness environments: Does congestion interfere and does length of exposure matter. Environment and Behavior, 42:6,806-823.
  • Chu, C., Simpson, R. (1994). Ecological Public Health: From Vision to Practice. Nathan, Queensland Centre for Health Promotion, Toronto and Institute of Applied Environmental Research.
  • Çelik, M., Turunç, Ö., Bilgin, N. (2013). Çalışanların Örgütsel Adalet Algılarının Psikolojik Sermaye Üzerine Etkisi: Çalışanların İyilik Halinin Düzenleyici Rolü. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16 (4), 559-585.
  • Dağlı, A., Baysal, N. (2016). Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15 (59), 1250-1262.
  • Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of personality assessment, 49 (1), 71-75.
  • Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research, 31(2), 103-157.
  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological bulletin, 125 (2), 276.
  • Fischer, A. R., Holz, K. B. (2010). Testing a model of women’s personal sense of justice, control, well-being, and distress in the context sexist descrimination. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 34. 297-310.
  • Frauman, E., Shaffer, F. (2017). Connectedness to nature and life satisfaction among college outdoor program staff. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 9 (2), 240-243.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2000). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3(1), 1a.
  • Gladwell, V.F., Brown, D.K., Barton, J.L., Tarvainen, M.P., Kuoppa, P., Pretty, J. (2012). The effects of views of nature on autonomic control. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(9), 3379–3386.
  • Gökdağ, M. (2013). Araştırma Yöntemleri. http://tumdersnotlarim.blogspot.com/2013/10/arastrma-yontemleri.html (Erişim tarihi: 04.02.19).
  • Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57 (1), 35-43.
  • Güler, M., Dönmez, A. (2011). İyi Olma Hali Bağlamında Uyum Düzeyi Kuramı ve Hedonik Döngü. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 14 (27), 38-45.
  • Ingulli, K., Lindbloom, G. (2013). Connection to Nature and Psychological Resilience. Ecopsychology, 5 (1), 52-55.
  • Judge, T.A., Locke, E.A., Durham, C.C., Kluger, A.N. (1998). Dispositional effects on job and life satisfaction: The role of core evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 17–34.
  • Judge T., Klinger, R. (2008). Job Satisfaction: Subjective Well-Being at Work. Içinde: Eid, M. ve Larsen, R., (Eds)., The Science of Subjective Well-Being, Guilford Publications, New York, 393-413.
  • Kahneman, D., Diener, E., Schwarz, N. (Eds.). (1999). Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology. New York, NY, US: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007-1022.
  • Korpela, K., Borodulin, K., Neuvonen, M., Paronen, O., Tyrväinen, L. (2014). Analyzing the mediators between nature-based outdoor recreation and emotional well-being. Journal of environmental psychology, 37, 1-7.
  • Koydemir, S. (2018). İyi ve Mutlu bir Yaşam için Doğayla İç İçe Olun. http://seldakoydemir.com/iyi-ve-mutlu-bir-yasam-icin-dogayla-ic-ice-olun/ (Erişim tarihi: 20.12.2018).
  • Kozak, M. (2017). Rekreasyon Eğitimi Üzerine. https://www.turizmgazetesi.com/article.aspx?id=83750 (Erişim tarihi: 20.12.2018).
  • Leppert, K., Koch, B., Brähler, E., Strauss, B. (2008). Die Resilienzskala (RS): Überprüfung der Langform RS-25 und einer Kurzform RS-13. Klinische Diagnostik und Evaluation, 1, 2 (pp. 226–243), 226–243.
  • Maller, C. vd. (2006). Healthy nature healthy people: ‘contact with nature’ as an upstream health promotion intervention for populations. Health Promotion International, 21 (1), 45-54.
  • Mayer, F. S., McPherson-Frantz, C. (2004). The connectedness to nature scale: A measure of individuals’ feeling in community with nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24 (4), 503-515.
  • Oshagbemi, T. (2003). Personal correlates of job satisfaction: empirical evidence from UK universities. International Journal of Social Economics, 30 (12), 1210-1232.
  • Özdemir, A., Kıray-Vural, B. (2015). Yaşlıların Doğa/Bahçe Algıları Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Denizli Örneği. İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat Ve Tasarım Dergisi. 5 (11). 65-77.
  • Parkinson, B., Totterdell, P. (1999). Classifying Affect-regulation Strategies. Cognition and Emotıon, 13 (3), 277-303.
  • Pelletier, C. L. (2004). The effect of music on decreasing arousal due to stress: A meta analysis. Journal of Music Therapy, 41, 192–214.
  • Pietilä, M., Neuvonen, M., Borodulin, K., Korpela, K., Sievänen, T., Tyrväinen, L. (2015). Relationships between exposure to urban green spaces, physical activity and self-rated health. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 10, 44-54.
  • Pollard, E. L., Lee, P. D. (2003). Child Well-being: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Social Indicators Research, 61 (1). 59-78.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
  • Seeland, K., Moser, K., Scheuthle, H., Kaiser, F.G. (2002), “Public acceptance of restrictions imposed on recreational activities in the peri-urban Nature Reserve Sihlwald,
  • Switzerland”, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 1(1): 49–57.
  • Seligman, M. (2018). PERMA and the building blocks of well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13 (4). 333-335.
  • Sherman, S.A., Mc Cuskey Shepley, M., Vami, J.W. (2005). Children’s Environments and Health- Related Quality of Life: Evidence informing Pediatric Healthcare Environmental Design. Children. Youth and Environments 15(1): 186-223.
  • Sonnentag, S., Fritz, C. (2007). The Recovery Experience Questionnaire: Development and Validation of a Measure for Assessing Recuperation and Unwinding From Work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12 (3), 204-221.
  • Stratham, J. and Chase, E (2010). Childhood wellbeing: a brief overview. London: Childhood Wellbeing Research Centre, Briefing Paper 1.
  • Tyrv¨ainen, L., Silvennoinen, H., Kolehmainen, O. (2003), “Ecological and Aesthetic Values be Combined in Urban Forest Management”, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 1(3): 135–149.
  • Tütüncü, Ö., Kiremitçi, İ., Çalışkan, U. (2011). Sağlık Turizmi, Güvenlik ve Kalite. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22 (1), 91-93.
  • Tütüncü, Ö., Aydın, İ. (2012). Toplum ve Açık Hava Rekreasyon Faaliyetleri: ABD Örneği. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 25 (1), 118-120.
  • Wagnild, G. M., Young, H. M. (1993). Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1 (2), 165-178.
  • Weiss, H. M. (2002). Deconstructing job satisfaction: Separating evaluations, beliefs and affective experiences. Human Resource Management Review, 12(2), 173-194.
  • Whitehouse, S., Vami, J.W., Seid, M., Cooper- Marcus, C., Ensberg, M.J., Jacobs, J.R., Mehlenbeck, R.S. (2001). Evaluating a Children’s Hospital Garden Environment. Utilization and Consumer Satisfaction, Journal of Environmental Psychology. 21, 301-314.
  • Yerlisu-Lapa, T. (2013). Life satisfaction, leisure satisfaction and perceived freedom of park recreation participants. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 1985-1993.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Zehra Saltık 0000-0002-6329-6561

Orhan Akova 0000-0001-7740-2938

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2019
Kabul Tarihi 20 Mayıs 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Saltık, Z., & Akova, O. (2019). YAKIN AÇIK ALAN REKREASYON AKTİVİTELERİNİN İYİ OLMA HALİ, PSİKOLOJİK DAYANIKLILIK, YENİLENME DENEYİMİ, YAŞAM DOYUMU VE İŞ TATMİNİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ. Spor Ve Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 1-20.

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