Tedarik Zinciri Entegrasyonu İnsani Yardım Tedarik Zinciri Performansını Artırır mı? Operasyonel Sonuçlara İlişkin Ampirik Bir İnceleme

Öz

İnsani yardım tedarik zincirleri (Humanitarian Supply Chains – HSC), hız ve uyum sağlama kapasitesinin kritik öneme sahip olduğu yüksek belirsizlik ortamlarında faaliyet göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, mevcut tedarik zinciri entegrasyonu (Supply Chain Integration – SCI) modelleri büyük ölçüde ticari bağlamlardan türetilmiştir. Bu durum, entegrasyonun kriz operasyonlarındaki performans üzerindeki etkisinin nasıl şekillendiğine dair anlayışta önemli bir boşluk yaratmaktadır. Bu çalışma, SCI’nin HSC performansı üzerindeki etkisini incelemekte ve özellikle iki temel performans boyutu olan teslim süresi ve esneklik üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Araştırmada ardışık açıklayıcı karma yöntem tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Nicel veriler, Birleşmiş Milletler tedarik zinciri personelinden oluşan 360 katılımcıyla gerçekleştirilen anket yoluyla toplanmış; nitel içgörüler ise üst düzey yönetici görüşmeleri aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada yararlanıcı entegrasyonu, tedarikçi entegrasyonu, hükümet entegrasyonu, ortak entegrasyonu ve iç entegrasyon olmak üzere beş entegrasyon boyutu operasyonelleştirilmiş ve regresyon analizi ile tamamlayıcı nitel analiz kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bulgular, söz konusu beş entegrasyon boyutunun tamamının tedarik zinciri performansını anlamlı biçimde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Özellikle yararlanıcı entegrasyonu hem teslim süresi hem de esneklik üzerinde en güçlü etkiye sahipken; tedarikçi, hükümet ve ortak entegrasyonlarının etkilerinin daha sınırlı olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma bulguları, insani yardım bağlamına özgü bir SCI kuramsal çerçevesi sunmakta ve entegrasyon stratejilerinin ticari modellerden doğrudan aktarılmak yerine kriz koşullarına göre uyarlanması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma, SCI’yi HSC etkinliğinin kritik bir belirleyicisi olarak konumlandırarak hem kuramsal literatüre hem de uygulamaya önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Araştırmanın sınırlılıkları arasında tek vaka odağı ve kesitsel araştırma tasarımı yer almakla birlikte, çalışma karmaşık ve hızla değişen insani yardım ortamlarında entegrasyon stratejilerinin daha da geliştirilmesine yönelik boylamsal ve çok bağlamlı araştırmalar için güçlü bir temel oluşturmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kriz Müdahelesi
• Esneklik
• İnsani Yardım Tedarik Zincirleri
• Teslim Süresi
• Tedarik Zinciri Entegrasyonu

Does Supply Chain Integration Enhance Humanitarian Supply Chain Performance? An Empirical Investigation of Operational Outcomes

Öz

Humanitarian supply chains operate in high-uncertainty environments where speed and adaptability are critical, yet existing supply chain integration (SCI) models are primarily derived from commercial contexts. This creates a gap in understanding how integration affects performance in crisis operations. This study investigates the effect of SCI on humanitarian supply chain performance, focusing specifically on lead time and flexibility as two core performance dimensions. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected through a survey of 360 United Nations supply chain staff across five operational regions, while qualitative insights were obtained from three in-depth executive interviews. Five integration constructs: beneficiary, supplier, government, partner, and internal integration , were operationalized and analyzed using regression and complementary qualitative analysis. All five integration constructs significantly influence supply chain performance. Beneficiary integration shows the strongest effect on both lead time and flexibility, while supplier, government, and partner integrations exert more limited effects. Regression analysis indicates SCI explains 66.7% of the variance in lead time, validating the proposed theoretical framework. The findings provide a context-specific theory of humanitarian SCI, demonstrating that integration strategies must be tailored to crisis conditions rather than replicated from commercial models. They also offer actionable guidance for humanitarian organizations to enhance responsiveness, adaptability, and stakeholder alignment during emergencies. This research advances both theory and practice by establishing SCI as a pivotal driver of humanitarian supply chain effectiveness. While limitations include the single-case focus and cross-sectional design, the study lays a foundation for future longitudinal and multi-context research to further refine integration strategies in complex, rapidly changing humanitarian environments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Crisis Response
• Flexibility
• Humanitarian Supply Chains
• Lead Time
• Supply Chain Integration

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