Görüş Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

FinTech Driven Transformation of Financial Markets and Its Role in Fostering Financial Inclusion

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 126 - 134, 30.10.2025

Öz

In recent years, rapidly evolving financial technologies have undergone transformations across a wide range, from investment management to credit scoring, from the insurance sector to the digitization of customer services. Particularly, artificial intelligence applications make significant contributions to financial inclusion. For example, they enable individuals with low income levels, women, or small businesses to access the financial system at lower costs. When evaluated from this perspective, financial technologies are not only limited to improving efficiency but also serve as a transformative force in terms of economic opportunity equality, social sustainability, and financial inclusion. Undoubtedly, each innovation carries its own risks. Issues such as data security, algorithmic bias, transparency, and human oversight are also important for establishing trust in the digitization of the financial system. These conditions increase the need for new ethical and regulatory frameworks. This study aims to discuss the various technological developments and artificial intelligence applications in the financial sector, focusing on their impact on financial inclusion and the concepts of ethical, trustworthy, and responsible artificial intelligence.

Kaynakça

  • Arner, D. W., Barberis, J., & Buckley, R. P. (2016). The evolution of FinTech: A new post-crisis paradigm? Georgetown Journal of International Law, 47(4), 1271–1319.
  • Beck, T., & Demirgüç-Kunt, A. (2022). Finance for inclusive growth: New directions for policy and research. World Bank Research Observer, 37(1), 45–72.
  • Carrière-Swallow, Y., Haksar, V., & Patnam, M. (2021, July). Stacking up financial inclusion gains in India. Finance & Development, 58(2). International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2021/07/india-stack-financial-access-and-digital-inclusion.htm
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., & Ansar, S. (2022). The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial inclusion, digital payments, and resilience in the age of COVID-19. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
  • European Commission. (2024). Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act): EU Regulation on AI Systems. Brussels: European Union Publications.
  • Han, R., & Melecky, M. (2013). Financial inclusion for financial stability: Access to bank deposits and the growth of deposits in the global financial crisis. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 6577. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • Jack, W., & Suri, T. (2016). The long-run poverty and gender impacts of mobile money. Science, 354(6317), 1288–1292.
  • Lo, A. W., Repin, D. V., & Steenbarger, B. N. (2020). Fear and greed in financial markets: A clinical study of day-traders. Journal of Behavioral Finance, 21(2), 130–145.
  • Mishra, R., Singh, S., & Patel, V. (2024). Financial inclusion and its ripple effects on socio-economic development. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(3), 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17030105
  • OECD. (2023). Digital Finance and Inclusive Growth: Policy Approaches in a Connected World. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Sahay, R., Cihak, M., & N’Diaye, P. (2020). Rethinking financial deepening: Stability and inclusion in the digital era. IMF Staff Discussion Note SDN/20/06.
  • Sarma, M., & Pais, J. (2011). Financial inclusion and development. Journal of International Development, 23(5), 613–628. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1698
  • Selima S.& Şen M. (2020). Türkiye'de finansal katılımı belirleyen faktörlerin analizi, Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 6(3): 268-290.
  • World Bank. (2025). Global Findex Database 2025: Financial Inclusion Progress Report. Washington, D.C.
  • Yunus, M. (2007). Creating a world without poverty: Social business and the future of capitalism. New York: PublicAffairs.
  • Narayanan, R., Ratnadiwakara, D., & Strahan, P. E. (2025, January 20). The decline of branch banking. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER Working Paper No. 32456).

Finansal Piyasaların FinTek Tabanlı Dönüşümü ve Finansal Kapsayıcılığı Artırmadaki Rolü

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 126 - 134, 30.10.2025

Öz

Son yıllarda hızla gelişen finansal teknolojiler, yatırım yönetiminden kredi skorlamaya, sigortacılık sektöründen müşteri hizmetlerinin dijitalleşmesine kadar geniş yelpazede dönüşüme uğramıştır. Özellikle yapay zeka uygulamaları, finansal kapsayıcılık tarafında önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Örneğin, düşük gelir düzeyine sahip bireyler, kadınlar ya da küçük işletmelerin de daha düşük maliyetlerle finansal sisteme erişimlerine olanak sağlamaktadır. Finansal teknolojiler bu açıdan değerlendirildiğinde, faydalarının sadece verimlilik ile sınırlı olmayıp, ekonomik fırsat eşitliği, sosyal sürdürülebilirlik ve finansal kapsayıcılık açısından da dönüştürücü bir güç olduğu bilinmelidir. Şüphesiz her inovasyon kendi içerisinde riskler de barındırmaktadır. Veri güvenliği, algoritmik önyargı, şeffaflık ve insan gözetimi konuları, finansal sistemde dijitalleşmeye olan güvenin tesisi açısından da önem arz etmektedir. Bu koşulların yeni etik ve düzenleyici düzenlemelere olan ihtiyacı da arttırmaktadır. Bu çalışma, finansal sektördeki çeşitli teknolojik gelişmeler ve yapay zeka uygulamalarının finansal kapsayıcılığa etkisini tartışırken, konuya aynı zamanda etik, güvenilir ve sorumlu yapay zeka kavramları ile de yaklaşmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Arner, D. W., Barberis, J., & Buckley, R. P. (2016). The evolution of FinTech: A new post-crisis paradigm? Georgetown Journal of International Law, 47(4), 1271–1319.
  • Beck, T., & Demirgüç-Kunt, A. (2022). Finance for inclusive growth: New directions for policy and research. World Bank Research Observer, 37(1), 45–72.
  • Carrière-Swallow, Y., Haksar, V., & Patnam, M. (2021, July). Stacking up financial inclusion gains in India. Finance & Development, 58(2). International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2021/07/india-stack-financial-access-and-digital-inclusion.htm
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., & Ansar, S. (2022). The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial inclusion, digital payments, and resilience in the age of COVID-19. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
  • European Commission. (2024). Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act): EU Regulation on AI Systems. Brussels: European Union Publications.
  • Han, R., & Melecky, M. (2013). Financial inclusion for financial stability: Access to bank deposits and the growth of deposits in the global financial crisis. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 6577. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • Jack, W., & Suri, T. (2016). The long-run poverty and gender impacts of mobile money. Science, 354(6317), 1288–1292.
  • Lo, A. W., Repin, D. V., & Steenbarger, B. N. (2020). Fear and greed in financial markets: A clinical study of day-traders. Journal of Behavioral Finance, 21(2), 130–145.
  • Mishra, R., Singh, S., & Patel, V. (2024). Financial inclusion and its ripple effects on socio-economic development. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(3), 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17030105
  • OECD. (2023). Digital Finance and Inclusive Growth: Policy Approaches in a Connected World. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Sahay, R., Cihak, M., & N’Diaye, P. (2020). Rethinking financial deepening: Stability and inclusion in the digital era. IMF Staff Discussion Note SDN/20/06.
  • Sarma, M., & Pais, J. (2011). Financial inclusion and development. Journal of International Development, 23(5), 613–628. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1698
  • Selima S.& Şen M. (2020). Türkiye'de finansal katılımı belirleyen faktörlerin analizi, Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 6(3): 268-290.
  • World Bank. (2025). Global Findex Database 2025: Financial Inclusion Progress Report. Washington, D.C.
  • Yunus, M. (2007). Creating a world without poverty: Social business and the future of capitalism. New York: PublicAffairs.
  • Narayanan, R., Ratnadiwakara, D., & Strahan, P. E. (2025, January 20). The decline of branch banking. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER Working Paper No. 32456).
Toplam 16 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler/Articles
Yazarlar

Dilek Lebleci Teker

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ekim 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Ekim 2025
Kabul Tarihi 29 Ekim 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Lebleci Teker, D. (2025). Finansal Piyasaların FinTek Tabanlı Dönüşümü ve Finansal Kapsayıcılığı Artırmadaki Rolü. Social Review of Technology and Change, 3(2), 126-134.