Perinatal Mental Sağlık ve Ebelerin Rolleri

Öz

Amaç: Perinatal döneminde yaşanan değişimler, mental yönden sağlıklı kadınlar tarafından tolere edilebilirken, mental sağlık sorunu veya yatkınlığı olan kadınlar tarafından tolere edilmesi güç olabilmektedir. Bu derleme, perinatal mental sağlık sorunları, önemi ve ebelerin rollerine yönelik kapsamlı bir perspektif sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Bu derleme kapsamında 01.06.2024–01.02.2025 tarihleri arasında “perinatal”, “pregnancy”, “postpartum”, “mental health”, “midwifery”, “depression”, “anxiety”, "baby blues", "post-traumatic stress disorder", "obsessive-compulsive disorder", "bipolar disorder", "schizophrenia", "psychosis" anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak UpToDate, PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO ve Google Scholar veri tabanlarında literatür taraması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Küresel çapta kadınların %10’u perinatal dönemde herhangi bir mental sağlık sorunu deneyimlemektedir. Perinatal dönemde kadınlar yaygın olarak; annelik hüznü, anksiyete, depresyon, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, obsesif kompulsif bozukluk, bipolar bozukluk, şizofreni ve psikoz gibi mental sağlık sorunları yaşamaktadır. Perinatal mental sağlık sorunları, anne ve çocuk sağlığı yükünü artıran küresel bir sorundur. Bu bakımdan perinatal dönemde anne ruh sağlığının korunması, büyük önem taşımaktadır. Sonuç: Perinatal mental sağlığın korunması ve geliştirilmesinde, ana çocuk sağlığı hizmetlerinde primer rolde olan ebelere de sorumluluk düşmektedir. Perinatal mental sağlığı iyileştirmede ebelerin; farkındalığı artırma, duygusal refahı güçlendirme, güven oluşturma, aile üyelerini destekleme, uygun bakım sunma, psikoeğitim, yeterli düzeyde eğitim danışmanlığı gibi rolleri bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• anksiyete
• depresyon
• ebelik
• gebelik
• postpartum dönem
• psikotik bozukluklar

Perinatal Mental Health And The Roles of Midwives

Öz

Objective: While the changes experienced during the perinatal period could be tolerated by mentally healthy women, this could be difficult to tolerate by women with mental health problems or predispositions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the importance of perinatal mental health issues and the roles of midwives. Method: This review involved a literature search conducted between June 1, 2024, and February 1, 2025, using the keywords “perinatal”, “pregnancy”, “postpartum”, “mental health”, “midwifery”, “depression”, “anxiety”, “baby blues”, “post-traumatic stress disorder”, “obsessive-compulsive disorder”, “bipolar disorder”, “schizophrenia”, and “psychosis” in the UpToDate, PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO, and Google Scholar databases. Results: Globally, 10% of women experience any mental health problems during the perinatal period. During the perinatal period, women commonly experience mental health problems such as maternal blues, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and psychosis. Perinatal mental health problems are a global problem that increases the burden on maternal and child health. In this respect, protecting maternal mental health during the perinatal period is of great importance. Conclusion: Midwives, who play a primary role in maternal and child health services, also have responsibilities in protecting and improving perinatal mental health. Midwives have roles in improving perinatal mental health such as raising awareness, strengthening emotional well-being, building trust, supporting family members, providing appropriate care, psychoeducation, and adequate educational counseling.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• anxiety
• depression
• midwifery
• pregnancy
• psychotic disorders
• postpartum period

Kaynakça

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