Yetişkin Bireylerde Emzirme Mitleri Düzeyi ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Türk toplumunda emzirme mitlerinin düzeyini ve bunları etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Yöntemler: Çalışma kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı bir çalışma olarak tasarlanmış olup veriler 10.04.2024 ile 10.06.2024 tarihleri arasında Google Forms kullanılarak çevrimiçi olarak toplanmıştır. Çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 18-65 yaş arası toplam 1,382 birey çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Emzirme Mitleri Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Veriler SPSS 22.0 paketi ile değerlendirilmiş ve t testi, One Way ANOVA ve Mann-Whitney U testleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların emzirme mitleri puan ortalaması 63,55±24,70 olarak bulunmuş olup, kesme puanı olan 119,5'e göre %5,5'inin yüksek düzeyde emzirme mitleri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların yaşa, cinsiyete, medeni duruma, aile tipine, eğitim düzeyine, çalışma durumuna, mesleğe, ikamet yerine, çocuk sahibi olup olmama durumuna, bir yakınının emzirme sürecine tanık olup olmama durumuna, emzirme deneyimine, emzirme hakkında bilgi alıp almama durumuna ve bilginin nereden alındığına göre emzirme mitleri puan ortalamaları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç: Katılımcıların emzirme mitlerine inanma düzeyi düşüktür. Emzirme mitleri cinsiyet, medeni durum, aile tipi, eğitim düzeyi, çalışma durumu, meslek, ikamet yeri ve çocuk sahibi olup olmama gibi faktörlerden etkilenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Emzirme
• Türkiye
• laktasyon
• kültürel özellikler.

Determining the Level of Breastfeeding Myths in Adults and the Affecting Factors

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the level of breastfeeding myths and the factors affecting them. Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional and descriptive study and the data were collected online using Google Forms between 10.04.2024 and 10.06.2024. A total of 1,382 individuals aged 18-65 years who agreed to participate in the study were included in the study. Data were collected with Personal Information Form and Breastfeeding Myths Scale. The data were evaluated with SPSS 22.0 package and analyzed with t test, One Way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The mean breastfeeding myths score of the participants were found to be 63.55±24.70, and 5.5% of them had a high level of breastfeeding myths according to the cut-off score of 119.5. The mean breastfeeding myths scores of the participants according to age, gender, marital status, family type, education level, employment status, occupation, place of residence, whether they had a child or not, whether they witnessed a relative's breastfeeding process or not, breastfeeding experience, receiving information about breastfeeding, and where the information was obtained were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Participants have a low level of belief in misconceptions related to breastfeeding. Breastfeeding myths are influenced by factors such as gender, marital status, family type, education level, employment status, occupation, place of residence, and having or not having any children.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• breastfeeding
• Turkey
• lactation
• cultural
• characteristics

Kaynakça

1. Mohamed MFF, Rashad MM, Mostafa S, Reda K, Fahmy EM. Misconceptions towards breastfeeding among lactating mothers. Al-Azhar J Ped, 2020;23:50:1425-40. https://doi.org/10.21608/azjp.2020.128821
2. Kausar S, Yasmeen S, Hazara SM, Ali M. Cultural misconceptions and myths about breastfeeding: An overview. Pak-Euro Journal of Medical and Life Sciences, 2021;4(1):162-5. https://doi.org/10.31580/pjmls.v4iSpecial 1.2582
3. World Health Organization (WHO). Infant and young child feeding. Geneva, 2024 Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-child-feeding
4. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü (HÜNEE). 2018 Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması Temel Bulgular. 2018, Ankara. Available at: https://fs.hacettepe.edu.tr/hips/dosyalar/Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar%20-%20raporlar/2018%20TNSA/2018_TNSA_Ozet_Rapor.pdf
5. Meek JY, Noble L, Policy statement: Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics, 2022;150(1):1-15. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-057988
6. Shehata WA, Aladawy MAA, Bioumy AMM. Myths and facts about breast feeding in Primary Health Care Center in Sohag, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2021;85(1):3109-15.
7. Pérez-Escamilla R, Tomori C, Hernández-Cordero S, Baker P, Barros AJ, Bégin F, & et al. Breastfeeding: Crucially important, but increasingly challenged in a market-driven world. The Lancet, 2023;401(10375):472-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01932-8
8. Ouyang YQ, Guo J, Zhou J, Zhouchen Y, Huang C, Huang Y, and et al. Theoretical approaches in the development of interventions to promote breastfeeding: A scoping review. Midwifery, 2024;132:103988.

9. Al-Rafay SS, ElSayed SE, Ibrahim MM. Assessment myths and facts of mothers about breast feeding in Egypt: An assessment study. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 2022;13(3):957-66.
10. Stordal B. Breastfeeding reduces the risk of breast cancer: A call for action in high‐income countries with low rates of breastfeeding. Cancer Medicine, 2023;12(4):4616-25. https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.5288
11. Sandhi A, Lee GT, Chipojola R, Huda MH, Kuo SY. The relationship between perceived milk supply and exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months postpartum: A cross-sectional study. International Breastfeeding Journal, 2020;15(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-020-00310-y
12. Vargas-Zarate M, Becerra-Bulla F, Balsero-Oyuela SY, Meneses-Burbano YS. Breastfeeding: Myths and truths. Review Article. Revista de la Facultad de Medicina, 2020;68(4):608–16. https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v68n4.74647
13. Wagner LPB, Mazza VDA, Souza SRRK, Chiesa A, Lacerda MR, Soares L. Strengthening and weakening factors for breastfeeding from the perspective of the nursing mother and her family. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 2020;54:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2018034303564
14. Acheampong AK, Abukari AS. Myths about breastfeeding as voiced by lactating nurses and midwives: A qualitative study at the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. SAGE Open Nursing, 2024;10:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608231226068
15. Yağcan H, Uyar Hazar H, Özsoy S. The effect of breastfeeding counselling course on students’ belief in breastfeeding myths: A case-control study. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 2022;8(96):974-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26 449/sssj.3920
16. Gölbaşı Z, Eroğlu K, Kaya D. Determining the breast milk and breastfeeding myths of postpartum women. Journal of Health Sciences of Kocaeli University, 2018;4(2): 32-43. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.402892
17. Yilmaz Sezer N, Aker MN, Gönenç İM, Topuz Ş. Development of the Breastfeeding Myths Scale. Breastfeeding Medicine, 2024;19(1):40-6. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2023.0200
18. Eram U. A review article: Myths, beliefs and malpractices relating to breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention, 2017;6:14-6.
19. Amneenah AM, Alshalwi MA. Common breastfeeding myths in Derna City in the North-Eastern Part of Libya. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2022;87(1):1932-8.
20. Yaqub A. Gul S. Reason for failure of exclusive breastfeeding in children less than six mother of age. Journal of Ayub Medical Collage Abbottabad, 2013;25(1-2):165-7. Retrieved from http://www.ayubmed.edu.pk/JAMC/25- 1/Asma Yaqub.pdf
21. Zakar R, Zakar MZ, Zaheer L, Fischer F. Exploring parental perceptions and knowledge regarding breastfeeding practices in Rajanpur, Punjab Province, Pakistan. International Breastfeeding Journal. 2018;13(1):1-2.
22. Aktürk B. Doğum Sonu Dönemde Verilen Online Emzirme Danışmanlığının Emzirme Davranışı Üzerine Etkisi 2023, Master’s thesis, Marmara Universitesi (Turkey).
23. Öcalan D, Bektaş HA, Altun SN. Emzirme danışmanlığı stratejileri ve kanıt temelli uygulamalar. TOGÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2024;4(1):120-36.
24. Öztürk Ö, Sarıkaya P, Özdemir Ş, Çikendin Z, Zünbül N. Anne sütü ve emzirme ile ilgili anneler tarafından bilinen doğrular ve yanlışlar. Güncel Pediatri, 2018;16(2):40-54.
25. Mercan Z, Şahin FT. Babalık rolü ve babalık rolü algısı. Uluslararası Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2017;2(2):1-10.
26. Dündar T. Emzirmeyi etkileyen faktörler. Özsoy S. Emzirme ve Anne Sütü ile Beslemede Danışmanlık/Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 2021;1:59-65.
27. Sağlam HY, Özerdoğan N, Gursoy E, Çağan Ö. Çalışan kadınlarda emzirmenin başlatılma ve sürdürülme zamanıyla ilişkili faktörler. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi, 2020;10(3):468-80.
28. Sadowska J, Augustynowicz S. Analysis of factors influencing initiation and continuation of breastfeeding in a group of Polish mothers. Technological Progress in Food Processing, 2023;(1):27-36.
29. Nsiah-Asamoah C, Doku DT, Agblorti S. Mothers’ and grandmothers’ misconceptions and socio-cultural factors as barriers to exclusive breastfeeding: A qualitative study involving health workers in two rural districts of Ghana. PloS One, 2020;15(9):e0239278.
30. Tekbaş S, Dal Yılmaz Ü, Pola G. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi, 2024;17(1):74-84.
31. Zhao J, Zhao Y, Du M, Binns CW, Lee AH. Maternal education and breastfeeding practices in China: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Midwifery. 2017;50:62-71.
32. Tang K, Wang H, Tan SH, Xin T, Qu X, Tang T, and et al. Association between maternal education and breast feeding practices in China: A population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(8):1-9.
33. Abd Alfataha AR, Mohamady SH, Farg DSS. Assessment of knowledge and practice regarding breast feeding among working and non-working mothers. Assessment, 2022;5(2):33-54.
34. McCardel RE, Padilla HM. Assessing workplace breastfeeding support among working mothers in the United States. Workplace Health & Safety, 2020;68(4):182-9
35. Rana MM, Islam MR, Karim MR, Islam AZ, Haque MA, Shahiduzzaman M, Hossain MG. Knowledge and practices of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in rural areas of Rajshahi district in Bangladesh: A community clinic based study. PLoS One, 2020;15(5):e0232027
36. Padró‐Arocas A, Quifer‐Rada P, Aguilar‐Camprubí L, Mena‐Tudela D.. Description of an mHealth tool for breastfeeding support: LactApp. Analysis of how lactating mothers seek support at critical breastfeeding points and according to their infant’s age. Research in Nursing & Health, 2021;44(1):173-86.
37. Demirtas B. Multiparous mothers: Breastfeeding support provided by nurses. Int J Nurs Pract. 2015;21:493-504. doi: 10.1111/ijn.12353
38. Gathron EL. Strategically positioned: Breastfeeding, advocacy, and the hands-on nurse. Creative Nurs. 2017;23(3):192-200. doi: 10.1891/1078-4535.23.3.192