Çocuk Polikliniğine Başvuran Hastalarda Hematolojik ve Mikronütrient Göstergelerin Dağılımı: Retrospektif Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Hematolojik ve mikronütrient göstergelerdeki bozukluklar çocukluk çağında sık görülmektedir ve pandemiyle değişen yaşam tarzı bunların dağılımını etkilemiş olabilir. Bu çalışma, çocuk polikliniğine başvuran hastalarda hematokrit ve temel mikronütrient göstergelerinin yaş, cinsiyet ve döneme göre dağılımını değerlendirmeyi amaçladı. Yöntem: Genel çocuk polikliniklerine 01.06.2018–31.05.2021 arasında başvuran 1 ay–18 yaş hastaların laboratuvar verileri geriye dönük kesitsel olarak incelendi (n=56.405). Hematokrit, serum demir, total demir bağlama kapasitesi, ferritin, 25-hidroksivitamin D, vitamin B12, folat ve çinko önceden tanımlı eşiklere göre kategorize edildi. Kategorik karşılaştırmalarda Pearson ki-kare testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: D vitamini eksikliği <1 yaş, 1–10 yaş ve 11–18 yaş gruplarında sırasıyla %17,4, %58,0 ve %78,2 idi (p<0,001); kızlarda erkeklerden daha sıktı (%68,2’ye karşı %56,1; p<0,001). Hematokrit düşüklüğü aynı yaş gruplarında %61,7, %48,9 ve %6,9; serum demir düşüklüğü %28,6, %13,2 ve %11,3 olarak saptandı (her ikisi için p<0,001). Pandemi döneminde D vitamini eksikliği %59,0’dan %67,9’a yükselirken hematokrit düşüklüğü %38,5’ten %28,4’e, serum demir düşüklüğü %17,3’ten %7,6’ya, ferritin düşüklüğü %11,3’ten %8,7’ye, vitamin B12 düşüklüğü %31,5’ten %24,8’e ve çinko düşüklüğü %24,4’ten %15,0’a geriledi (tümü p<0,001). Sonuç: Hematokrit ve serum demir düşüklüğü özellikle <1 yaş grubunda, D vitamini eksikliği ise 11–18 yaş grubunda daha belirgindi. Bulgular retrospektif ve tek merkezli tasarım dikkate alınarak yorumlanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• çinko
• çocuk
• D vitamini eksikliği
• hematokrit
• mikronütrient eksikliği
• pandemi

Distribution of Hematological and Micronutrient Indicators Among Pediatric Outpatients: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Öz

Objective: Hematological and micronutrient abnormalities are common in childhood, and pandemic-related lifestyle changes may have affected their distribution. We evaluated hematocrit and key micronutrient indicators by age, sex, and period among pediatric outpatients. Methods: Laboratory data of patients aged 1 month–18 years attending general pediatric clinics between June 1, 2018 and May 31, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed in a cross-sectional study (n=56,405). Hematocrit, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, ferritin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin B12, folate, and zinc were categorized using prespecified cutoffs. Categorical comparisons used the Pearson chi-square test. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was 17.4%, 58.0%, and 78.2% in the <1-year, 1–10-year, and 11–18-year groups, respectively (p<0.001), and was more frequent in girls than boys (68.2% vs 56.1%; p<0.001). Low hematocrit was present in 61.7%, 48.9%, and 6.9%, and low serum iron in 28.6%, 13.2%, and 11.3% of the same age groups, respectively (both p<0.001). During the pandemic, vitamin D deficiency increased from 59.0% to 67.9%, whereas low hematocrit decreased from 38.5% to 28.4%, low serum iron from 17.3% to 7.6%, low ferritin from 11.3% to 8.7%, low vitamin B12 from 31.5% to 24.8%, and low zinc from 24.4% to 15.0% (all p<0.001). Conclusion: Low hematocrit and low serum iron were particularly prominent in the <1-year group, whereas vitamin D deficiency was more prominent in the 11–18-year group. Findings should be interpreted considering the retrospective, single-center design.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• child
• hematocrit
• micronutrient deficiencies
• pandemic
• vitamin D deficiency
• zinc

Kaynakça

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