COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Sağlık Çalışanları Arasında Umutsuzluk: Deneyimler ve Algılar

Öz

Arka Plan: COVID-19, küresel ölçekte sağlık sistemlerini zorlamış ve sağlık çalışanları için derin psikososyal sonuçlar doğurmuştur. Olumsuz bir gelecek beklentisi olarak umutsuzluk; korku, kaygı ve tükenmişlikle birlikte ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu çalışma, COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde sağlık çalışanlarının umutsuzluk düzeylerini incelemeyi ve deneyim ile algılarına dayalı ilişkili faktörleri belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma grubu, bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde çalışan tüm personelden oluşmuştur. Veriler, 562 personelden (aktif personelin %48,2’si) toplanmıştır. Veri toplama araçları bir anket formu ve Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği’dir. İstatistiksel analizlerde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımsız örneklemler t testi, Bonferroni/Tamhane post-hoc testleri ile tek yönlü ANOVA ve aşamalı çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Ortalama yaş 35,8±8,8 yıl, ortalama çalışma süresi 9,1±8,3 yıldır. Katılımcıların %61,2’si kadın, %30,8’i hekim ve %27,0’ı hemşiredir. Katılımcıların yaklaşık üçte biri COVID-19 birimlerinde çalışmış, üçte biri enfekte olmuş ve yarıdan fazlası doğrudan COVID-19 hastalarına bakım vermiştir. İkili analizlerde sigara kullanımı, görev yeri değişikliği, COVID-19 hastalarına doğrudan bakım verme ve meslektaşların bilgi düzeyini yetersiz bulma daha yüksek umutsuzlukla ilişkili bulunmuştur. Çok değişkenli modelde ise kadın cinsiyet, kronik hastalık/yeti yitimi, karma çalışma düzeni, psikolojik etkilenme, pandeminin kontrol altına alınamayacağı düşüncesi ve normale dönüşe ilişkin kötümser beklenti umutsuzlukla bağımsız ilişkisini korumuştur. Sonuç: Umutsuzluk, pandemik afetlerde sağlık çalışanları arasında kritik bir psikolojik sorundur. Kırılgan grupların erken tanınması ve belirsizliği azaltmaya, yeterli kişisel koruyucu ekipman sağlamaya ve vardiya düzenini düzenlemeye yönelik kurumsal destek, iş gücü dayanıklılığını güçlendirmek için gereklidir. Bu bulgular, psikolojik iyilik halinin pandemi hazırlık ve mesleki sağlık politikalarına entegre edilmesi gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• sağlık personeli
• umut
• iş sağlığı
• pandemiler
• psikolojik sıkıntı

Destekleyen Kurum

Yazarlar, bu çalışmanın kamu, ticari veya kâr amacı gütmeyen herhangi bir finansman kuruluşundan özel bir destek almadığını beyan etmektedir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik onay, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından 16969557-516 referans numarası ile 02/03/2021 tarihinde verilmiştir. Çalışmanın COVID-19 ile ilgili olması nedeniyle, T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü bünyesindeki COVID-19 Bilimsel Araştırma Değerlendirme Komisyonuna başvuru yapılmış ve çalışma Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından onaylanmıştır. Ayrıca Bolu İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü ile Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi İzzet Baysal Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Başhekimliğinden idari izinler alınmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan tüm katılımcılardan araştırmaya katılım öncesinde aydınlatılmış onam alınmıştır.

Teşekkür

Yazarlar, bu çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılan tüm sağlık çalışanlarına teşekkür eder.

Hopelessness among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences and Perceptions

Öz

Background: COVID-19 has globally challenged health systems and created profound psychosocial consequences for healthcare workers. Hopelessness, as a negative future expectation, may emerge alongside fear, anxiety, and burnout. This study aimed to examine hopelessness levels among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify associated factors based on their experiences and perceptions. Methods: The research group consisted of all employees at an education and research hospital. Data were collected from 562 personnel (48.2% of active staff). The data collection tools included a questionnaire and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni/Tamhane post-hoc tests, and stepwise multiple linear regression model. Results: The mean age was 35.8±8.8 years, and the mean length of service was 9.1±8.3 years. Of the participants, 61.2% were female, 30.8% were doctors, and 27.0% nurses. Nearly one-third had worked in COVID-19 units, one-third had been infected, and more than half had directly cared for COVID-19 patients. In bivariate analyses, smoking, workplace reassignment, direct care of patients with COVID-19, and perceiving colleagues’ knowledge as insufficient were associated with higher hopelessness. In the multivariable model, female gender, chronic illness or disability, a mixed work schedule, psychological impact, the belief that the pandemic could not be controlled, and pessimistic expectations about returning to normal life remained independently associated with hopelessness. Conclusion: Hopelessness is a critical psychological concern among healthcare workers in pandemic disasters. Early recognition of vulnerable groups and institutional support to reduce uncertainty, provide adequate Personal Protective Equipment, and regulate shift work are essential to strengthen workforce resilience. These findings highlight the need to integrate psychological well-being into pandemic preparedness and occupational health policies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• health personnel
• hope
• occupational health
• pandemics
• psychological distress

Destekleyen Kurum

The authors declare that this study received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Hacettepe University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee, under the reference number 16969557-516 and dated 02/03/2021. Given that the study concerns COVID-19, an application was made to the COVID-19 Scientific Research Evaluation Commission within the General Directorate of Health Services of the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. The Ministry of Health approved the conduct of this study. Additionally, administrative permission was obtained from the Bolu Provincial Health Directorate and the Chief Physician's Office of Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University İzzet Baysal Training and Research Hospital. All participants provided informed consent before taking part in the study.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank all healthcare workers who voluntarily participated in this study.

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