COVID-19 Enfeksiyonunun Gebelikte Öz Bakım Gücüne Etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 6, 491 - 498, 29.04.2024

Merve Nur Kasap Meltem Demirgöz Bal

https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.1281046

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun gebelikte öz bakım gücüne olan etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırma, İstanbul Zeynep Kâmil Kadın ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Polikliniği’nde, Mayıs 2021-Ekim 2021 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma, vaka-kontrol çalışması yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, son 15 gün içinde COVID-19 pozitif 150 kadın ve COVID-19 negatif 150 kadın olmak üzere toplam 300 katılımcıdan toplanmıştır. Veriler, Veri Toplama Formu ve Öz Bakım Gücü Ölçeği (ÖBGÖ) kullanılarak elde edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılanların yaş ortalaması 30,4±5,7 yıl iken, %84,6'sı çalışmanın yapıldığı dönemde gebeliğin son üç ayındadır. Tüm katılımcıların ÖBGÖ toplam puan ortalamaları (108,65±17,60) orta düzeyde iyi olarak belirlenmiştir. COVID-19 negatif (108,4±17,5) ve COVID-19 pozitif (108,9±17,9) olan katılımcıların ÖBGÖ toplam puanları açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Eğitim düzeyi düşük ve multipar kadınlarda ÖBGÖ toplam puan ortalamaları daha düşük olarak belirlenmiştir (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Gebelikte COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçirmenin öz bakım gücüne olumsuz bir etkisi olmamakla birlikte; eğitim düzeyi düşük ve multipar kadınlar riskli grup olarak değerlendirilerek ebeler tarafından öz bakım gücünün geliştirilmesine ilişkin destek sunulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVİD-19, öz bakım, gebelik, pandemi

The Effect of COVID-19 Infection on Self-Care Ability During Pregnancy

Öz

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) on self-care power during pregnancy.
Methods: The study was conducted as a case-control study between May and October 2021 at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Outpatient Clinic of Istanbul Zeynep Kâmil Women's and Children's Diseases Training and Research Hospital. A total of 300 participants were recruited, including 150 pregnant women who had tested positive for COVID-19 in the past 15 days and 150 COVID-19 negative pregnant women. Data were collected using a dedicated Data Collection Form and the Self-Care Power Scale (SCS).
Results: The mean age of participants was 30.4± 5.7 years, with 84.6% being in their last trimester of pregnancy. The overall mean SCS score for all participants (108.65±17.60) indicated a moderately good level of self-care power. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in the total SCS scores between the COVID-19-negative (108.4±17.5) and COVID-19-positive (108.9±17.9) groups (p>0.05). However, participants with lower educational levels and those who were multiparous exhibited significantly lower mean total SCS scores (p <0.05).
Conclusion: While COVID-19 infection during pregnancy did not negatively impact overall self-care power, women with lower educational attainment and those who are multiparous were identified as a risk group for lower self-care power. Midwives may play a crucial role in supporting these women and enhancing their self-care abilities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, self-care, pregnancy, pandemic

Kaynakça

• Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 Novel Coronavirus: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding. The Lancet 2020;395(10224):565-74.
• Fagbule DOF. 2019 Novel Coronavirüs. Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine 2019;17(2):108.
• LoMauro A, Aliverti A. Respiratory physiology of pregnancy. Breathe 2015;11(4):297-301.
• Cavalcante FML, Fernandes CS, Rocha LDS, Galindo-Neto NM, Caetano JÁ, Barros LM. Use of The prone position in pregnant women with COVID-19 or other health conditions. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 2021;29:3494.
• Kasraeian M, Zare M, Vafaei H, et al. COVID-19 pneumonia and pregnancy; A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal&Neonatal Medicine 2020;35(9):1-8.
• Brooks SK, Weston D, Greenberg N. Psychological iımpact of infectious disease outbreaks on pregnant women: Rapid Evidence Review. Public Health 2020;189:26-36.
• World Health Organization. Health education in self-care: Possibilities and limitations. Report of a Scientific Consultation. Geneva, 1983.Erişim Tarihi: 12.01.2023 https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/700 92/HED_84.1.pdf
• Çelik AS, Derya YA. Gebelerin öz bakım gücü ile sağlık uygulamaları düzeylerinin ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2019;8(1):111-9.
• Kılıç M, Erci B. The effect of the care provided based on self-care model of Orem on self-care agency and frequency of nursing diagnoses in pregnant women with threat of preterm birth. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2017;9(1):1-14.
• Yılmaz SD, Beji NK. Gebelikte öz bakım gücünün değerlendirilmesi. Genel Tıp Dergisi 2010;20(4):137-42.
• Altıparmak S. Gebelerin sosyo-demografik özellikler, öz bakım gücü ve yaşam kalitesi ilişkisi. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2006;5(6):416-23.
• Kearney BY, Fleischer BJ. Development of an ınstrument to measure exercise of self-care agency. Research in Nursing&Health 1979;2(1):25-34.
• Nahcivan N. Geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik çalışması: Öz Bakım Gücü Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması. Hemşirelik Bülteni 1994;7(33):109-19.
• Khazaeian S, Khazaeian S, Kazemi AF. Association between awareness, perceived severity, and behavioral control of COVID -19 with self-care and anxiety in pregnancy: A cross-sectional study. Women & Health 2022;62(1):55-67.
• Shiina A, Niitsu T, Kobori O, et al. Relationship between perception and anxiety about COVID-19 infection and risk behaviors for spreading infection: A national survey in Japan. Brain, Behavior,&Immunity-Health 2020;6:100101.
• Xavier S, Branquinho M, Pires R, et al. Dysfunctional attitudes toward motherhood and depressive symptoms in Portuguese pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating roles of self-compassion and mindful self-care. Mindfulness 2023;14:418–28.
• Mirtabar MS, Kheirkhah F, Basirat Z, et al. The role of psychological self-care on worry of vaccination against COVID-19 in Iranian pregnant women: A cross-sectional study. Health Science Reports 2022;5(4):e711.
• Nguyen LD, Nguyen LH, Ninh LT, et al. women’s holistic self-care behaviors during pregnancy and associations with psychological well-being: Implications for maternal care facilities. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022;22:631.
• Gülmezoğlu AM, Ammerdorffer A, Narasimhan M, et al. Self-care and remote care during pregnancy: A new paradigm? Health Research Policy and Systems 2020;18:107.
• Moulaei K, Sheikhtaheri A, Ghafaripour Z, Bahaadinbeigy K. The development and usability assessment of an health application to encourage self-care in pregnant women against COVID-19. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021;7:9968451.
• Yıldız A. Gebelerin öz bakım gücü ile sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları arasındaki ilişki. Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2020. Sivas
• Arslan S, Okcu G, Coşkun MA, Temiz F. Kadınların gebeliği algılama durumu ve bunu etkileyen faktörler. Journal Of Health Sciences and Professionals 2019;6(1):179-92.
• Moulaei K, Bahaadinbeigy K, Ghaffaripour Z, Ghaemi MM. The design and evaluation of a mobile based application to facilitate self-care for pregnant women with preeclampsia during COVID-19 prevalence. The Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering 2021;11(4):551-60.
• Rezaean SM, Abedian Z, et al. The effect of prenatal self-care based on orem’s theory on preterm birth occurrence in women at risk for preterm birth. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research 2020;25(3):242-8.