Van İlinde Mayıs 2025'te Görülen Şap Hastalığı (FMD) Salgınının Epidemiyolojik Seyri ve Aşılama Dinamikleri

Öz

Şap hastalığı (Foot-and-mouth disease, FMD), Türkiye’de hayvancılık sektörünü tehdit eden en önemli salgın hastalıklardan biridir. Ülke, Asya–Avrupa–Orta Doğu kesişimindeki coğrafi konumu nedeniyle serotip O, A, Asia-1, SAT-1 ve SAT-2 endemik olarak dolaştığı Havuz 3 (Batı Avrasya & Orta Doğu) içinde kritik bir konuma sahiptir. Bu çalışma, 2025 yılı boyunca Van ilinde yürütülen kitlesel aşılama programlarını ve 13 Mayıs 2025’te Tuşba ilçesi Yemlice Mahallesi’nde Sat-1 serotipi tanımlanan şap salgınının epidemiyolojik seyrini ile müdahale dinamiklerini incelemiştir. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığının Hayvan Bilgi Sisteminde bulunan VETBİS veri tabanından elde edilen veriler Python tabanlı istatistiksel yöntemlerle analiz edilmiş; ilçe düzeyinde büyükbaş ve küçükbaş aşılama uygulamaları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular, rutin aşılama programlarının koruyucu bağışıklığı sürekli yüksek düzeyde tutmakta güçlük yaşayabildiğini; mihrak (salgın) odaklı acil aşılama uygulamalarının ise hızlı kontrol açısından belirleyici rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Türkiye’nin coğrafi risk yapısı ve sınır ötesi suş girişleri dikkate alındığında, ulusal FMD stratejilerinin bölgesel dinamiklerle güçlendirilmesi yararlı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sınır ötesi bulaşma
• Acil aşılama
• Mihrak kontrolü
• Phyton
• Ruminant

Epıdemıologıcal Course and Vaccınatıon Dynamıcs of The Foot and Mouth Dısease (Fmd) Outbreak In Van Provınce, May 2025

Öz

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most significant epidemic diseases threatening the livestock sector in Turkey. Due to its geographical location at the intersection of Asia, Europe, and the Middle East, the country occupies a critical position within Pool 3 (Western Eurasia & Middle East), where serotypes O, A, Asia-1, SAT-1, and SAT-2 are endemic. This study examined the mass vaccination programs carried out in Van province throughout 2025 and the epidemiological course and intervention dynamics of the foot-and-mouth disease outbreak caused by the SAT-1 serotype identified in Yemlice Mahallesi, Tuşba district, on May 13, 2025. Data obtained from the VETBIS database in the Animal Information System of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry were analyzed using Python-based statistical methods; vaccination practices for large and small ruminants were compared at the district level. The findings show that routine vaccination programs may have difficulty maintaining protective immunity at consistently high levels, while outbreak-focused emergency vaccination programs play a decisive role in rapid control. Considering Turkey's geographical risk structure and transboundary strain entries, strengthening national FMD strategies with regional dynamics would be beneficial.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cross-border transmission
• Emergency vaccination
• Outbreak control
• Python
• Ruminant

Kaynakça

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