Ekspresyonizmde Hıristiyanlık ve “Çarmıhta İsa” Tasvirinin Kullanımı

Öz

Bu çalışmada, ekspresyonizmi oluşturan etkenler belirlenerek sanatçıların Hıristiyanlığa bakış açıları ve “Çarmıhta İsa” tasvirlerini kullanma nedenleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Bunun için Emil Nolde, March Chagall, Georges Henri Rouault, Wasily Kandisky, Wilhelm Morgner, Oscar Kokoschka, Otto Dix gibi sanatçıların bu tarz çalışmaları örneklendirilmiş ve ekspresyonizm ile Hıristiyanlık arasındaki ilişki açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Teknolojik gelişmelerin yaşandığı buna karşın savaş ve gözyaşının hâkim olduğu bir dönemde, ekspresyonistler, kötüye gidişi fark etmişler, toplumu uyarmak için bir çıkış yolu aramışlardır. Köleliğin her türünü reddetmişler, savaşsız, barış içinde insanca duyguların hâkim olduğu yeni bir dünya görüşü ve yeni bir insan tipi oluşturmayı amaçlamışlardır. Bu konuda en büyük güç, doğru algılanması ve yaşanması gereken din yani Hıristiyanlık olarak kabul edilmiştir. “Çarmıhta İsa” tasvirleri ise bu duyguları simgeleyen bir sembol olarak kullanılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekspresyonizm
• Hıristiyanlık
• Din ve Sanat
• İsa
• Çarmıh

Expressionism, Christianity and Depictions of "Jesus on the Cross"

Abstract

This paper identifies the characteristics of expressionism and presents perspectives of various artists concerning Christianity and their reasons for depicting the Crucifixion. Examples of works by artists such as Emil Nolde, March Chagall, Georges Henri Rouault, Wasily Kandinsky, Wilhelm Morgner, Oscar Kokoschka and Otto Dix help to illustrate and explain the relationship between expressionism and Christianity. In a period of technological development, during which the agonies of warfare were commonplace, the expressionists recognised a descent towards evil and searched for ways to warn society. They rejected all forms of slavery and aimed to create a new type of human for whom humanitarian feelings were dominant, at peace instead of at war. Christianity was accepted by them as the greatest power to be perceived and experienced properly as a religion. Depictions of the Crucifixion were used as a symbol to represent these emotions.

Keywords

• Expressionism
• Christianity
• Religion and Art
• Jesus
• The Cross

Kaynakça

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