Yoksulluğun Ailedeki Sosyalleştirme Süreçlerine ve Çocuklardaki Bilişsel Gelişim ve Okul Başarısı Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 47, 1 - 15, 30.08.2019

Turhan Şengönül

https://doi.org/10.35237/sufesosbil.522370

Cited By: 2

Öz

Bu makale yoksulluğun ve
ekonomik güçlüğün sosyalleştirme süreçleri ve çocukların ve ergenlerin bilişsel
gelişmesi, bilişsel becerileri ya da okul başarısı üzerindeki etkisini ele
almaktadır. Ekonomik güçlük ile ilgili aile stres modeli, yoksulluk ve ekonomik
güçlüğün ekonomik baskıya yol açtığını ve ekonomik baskı yüksek olduğunda
annelerin-babaların moral bozukluğu, endişe, kızgınlık ve yabancılaşma gibi
duyguları hissederek üzüntüyü yaşama yönünde artan bir riskte olduğunu ileri
sürmektedir. Yoksulluk ve ekonomik güçlük, annelerin-babaların onların iyi
olmasına yarar ve katkı sağlamak için çocukları ile etkileşme ve onları
sosyalleştirme yeteneğini azaltmaktadır. Düşük gelir ve yoksulluk,
annelerin-babaların duygularını, davranışlarını ve ilişkilerini kötü olarak
etkilemekte ve annelerin-babaların sıcaklığını, duyarlılığını ve gözetimini
azaltarak ve ailede anne-baba-çocuk ilişkilerinde ve etkileşimlerinde
çatışmayı, ilgi göstermeyen ve tutarsız sosyalleştirme uygulamalarını ve sert
ceza kullanımını arttırarak ailenin işlevine, işlerliğine ve sosyalleştirme
süreçlerine zarar vermektedir. Araştırmacılar yoksul ve morali bozuk
annelerin-babaların okumada ve verimli, bol, zengin konuşmada çocuklarla meşgul
olma ya da ev ödevinde çocuklara yardım etme gibi çocuklarında bilişsel
becerilere ve okul başarısına katkı yapan bilişsel olarak teşvik eden çocuk
yetiştirme uygulamaları ve etkinliklerle aktif olarak daha az meşgul
olduklarına işaret etmektedir. Ekonomik güçlükle ilgili aile stres modeli,
aileleri yoksulluğu ve ekonomik güçlüğü yaşadıklarında çocukların ve ergenlerin
düşük zeka puanları, düşük bilişsel beceriler, düşük eğitimsel kazanım, düşük
okul başarısı gibi olumsuz sonuçlara sahip olma yönünde artan riskte olduğunu
ileri sürmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yoksulluk, aile stresi, sosyalleştirme süreçleri, düşük bilişsel gelişme

Kaynakça

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