“THE BLACK HOLE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW”: ISRAEL AND “GLIMMER OF HOPE FOR GLOBAL CONSCIENCE”: THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT

Abstract

Since October 8, 2023, events in Palestine have confronted the interna-tional community with a great catastrophe; a great tragedy in which “crimes of genocide”, “crimes against humanity” and “war crimes” have been committed by Israel's military operations targeting the Pales-tinian people. Recent reports by expert organizations have revealed that Israel's operations have killed over 40,000 Palestinians, mostly women and children, injured over 90,000 Palestinians and displaced almost the entire population of Gaza. Although solutions were sought within the framework of the tools and methods provided by internati-onal law, Israel could not be stopped. However, the Pre-Trial Chamber No. 1 of the International Criminal Court, based on the provisions of the Rome Statute, decided to issue an “arrest warrant” against Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu and former Defense Minister Gallant, sen-ding a message that those primarily responsible for the ongoing huma-nitarian catastrophe in Gaza will be held accountable.

Keywords

• •International Law
• •Palestine
• Israel
• •International Criminal Court
• •Arrest Warrant
• •Binyamin Netanyahu
• •Yoav Gallant.

“ULUSLARARASI HUKUKUN KARA DELİĞİ”: İSRAİL VE “KÜRESEL VİCDANIN UMUT IŞIĞI”: ULUSLARARASI CEZA MAHKEMESİ

Öz

8 Ekim 2023 tarihinden itibaren Filistin’de yaşananlar, uluslararası toplumu ağır bir felaket ile yüzleştirmiş; İsrail’in Filistin halkını hedef aldığı askeri operasyonları ile “soykırım suçunun”, “insanlığa karşı suçların” ve “savaş suçlarının” işlendiği büyük bir trajedi gözler önüne serilmiştir. Uzman kuruluşların güncel raporları; İsrail’in operasyonları sonucunda, çoğunluğu kadın ve çocuk olmak üzere 40 binin üzerinde Filistinlinin yaşamını yitirdiğini, 90 binin üzerinde Filistinlinin yara-landığını ve Gazze’deki nüfusun neredeyse tamamının yerinden edil-diğini ortaya koymuştur. Sağ kalan Filistinlilerin ise -insani yardım akışının da İsrail tarafından engellenmesi nedeniyle- açlığa, susuzluğa ve benzeri görülmemiş bir yoksunluğa terk edildiği aktarılmıştır. Bu duruma ilişkin olarak, uluslararası hukukun sağladığı araç ve yöntem-ler çerçevesinde çözümler aranmışsa da İsrail durdurulamamıştır. Bu-nunla birlikte, Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi 1 numaralı Ön Yargılama Dairesi, Roma Statüsü hükümlerine dayanarak, İsrail Başbakanı Ne-tanyahu ile dönemin Savunma Bakanı Gallant hakkında “tutuklama emri” çıkarılmasına karar vermiş ve böylelikle, Gazze’de süren insani felaketin başlıca sorumlularına hesap verecekleri mesajını iletmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• •Uluslararası Hukuk
• • Filistin
• •İsrail
• •Uluslararası Ceza Mahkeme-si
• •Tutuklama Emri
• •Binyamin Netanyahu
• •Yoav Gallant.

Kaynakça

1. KAYNAKÇA -Kitaplar ve Makaleler ACER, Yücel: “Netanyahu’nun Tutuklanması Talebinin Hukuki Yan-sımaları”, Seta/Perspektif, 399, 2024, ss. 1-6. AKSAR, Yusuf: “Nuremberg’den Günümüz Uluslararası Ceza Yargısı ve Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’ne…”, Hukuk ve Adalet Dergisi C. 1, S. 1, 2004, ss. 83-96.0
2. ARSANJANI, Mahnoush H.: “The Rome Statute of International Criminal Court”, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 93, No. 1, 1999, ss. 22-43.
3. AZARKAN, Ezeli: Nüremberg’ten La Haye’e: Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemeleri, Beta Yayıncılık, 2003. BASSIOUNI, M. Cherif: “Establishing an International Criminal Co-urt: Historical Survey”, Military Law Review, Vol. 149, 1995, ss. 49-63.
4. CHARNEY, I. Jonathan: “International Criminal Law and the Role of Domestic Courts”, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 95, No. 1, 2001, ss. 120-124.
5. DUGARD, John: “Obstacles in the Way of an International Criminal Court”, Cambridge Law Journal, Vol. 66, 1997, ss. 329-342.
6. EKŞİ ATEŞ, Canan: Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesinin İnsanlığa Karşı Suçlar Üzerindeki Yargı Yetkisi, Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2004.
7. GOLDSTONE, J. Richard / NICOLE, Fritz: “’In the Interests of Justi-ce’ and Independent Referral: The ICC Prosecutor’s Unprese-dented Powers”, Leiden Journal of International Law, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2000, ss. 655-667.
8. LANGER, Maximo: “The Diplomacy of Universal Jurisdiction: The Political Branches and the Transnational Prosecution of Inter-national Crimes”, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 105, No. 1, 2011, ss. 1-49.

9. LUC, Coté: “International Criminal Justice: Tightening up the Rules of the Games”, International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 88, No. 861, 2006, ss. 133-144.
10. RUDOLF, Beate: “Statute of the International Criminal Court”, Ame-rican Journal of International Law, Vol. 94, No. 2, 2000, ss. 391-396.
11. SAROOSHI, Danesh: “The Statute of International Criminal Court”, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 48, No. 2, 1999, ss. 387-404.
12. - Sözleşme ve Kararlar Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. (17 July 1998).
13. ICJ, International Court of Justice. South Africa v. Israel (26 January 2024).
14. ICJ, International Court of Justice. South Africa v. Israel (24 May 2024).
15. General Assembly of the United Nations. A/RES/78/78 (7 December 2023).
16. General Assembly of the United Nations. A/RES/78/121 (8 December 2023).
17. General Assembly of the United Nations. A/RES/78/170 (19 December 2023).
18. General Assembly of the United Nations. A/RES/78/192 (19 December 2023).
19. General Assembly of the United Nations. A/RES/78/251 (22 December 2023).
20. United Nations Security Council. S/RES/2712 (15 November 2023).
21. United Nations Security Council. S/RES/2720 (22 December 2023).
22. United Nations Security Council. S/RES/2728 (25 March 2024).
23. United Nations Security Council. S/RES/2735 (10 June 2024).
24. - Elektronik Kaynaklar UNOCHA, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanita-rian Affairs. “Occupied Palestinian Territory”. https://www.unocha.org/occupied-palestinian-territory (Eri-şim 26 Eylül 2024.)
25. UNESCWA, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia. “War on Gaza 2023: an Unprecedented and Devastating Impact”. https://www.unescwa.org/publications/war-gaza-unprecedented-devastating-impact (Erişim 5 Mayıs 2024.)
26. UNICEF, United Nations Children's Fund. “UNICEF in the State of Palestine Escalation Humanitarian Situation Report No. 17”. https://www.unicef.org/sop/reports/unicef-state-palestine-escalation-humanitarian-situation-report-no17 (Erişim 5 Ma-yıs 2024.)
27. UN News, United Nations News. “Gaza: Rafah camp attack heigh-tens focus on dwindling health resources”. https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/05/1150301 (Erişim 24 Ey-lül 2024.)
28. ICC, International Criminal Court. “Declaration Accepting the Juris-diction of the International Criminal Court”. https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/iccdocs/PIDS/press/Palestine_A_12-3.pdf (Erişim 3 Ekim 2024.)
29. ICC, International Criminal Court. “State of Palestine”. https://www.icc-cpi.int/palestine (Erişim 3 Ekim 2024.)
30. ICC, International Criminal Court. “Statement of ICC Prosecutor, Fa-tou Bensouda, on the conclusion of the preliminary examina-tion of the Situation in Palestine, and seeking a ruling on the scope of the Court’s territorial jurisdiction”. https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-icc-prosecutor-fatou-bensouda-conclusion-preliminary-examination-situation-palestine (Eri-şim 14 Ekim 2024.)
31. ICC, International Criminal Court. “Situation in the State of Palesti-ne”. https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/CourtRecords/CR2021_01165.PDF (Erişim 20 Haziran 2024.)
32. ICC, International Criminal Court. “Statement of ICC Prosecutor Ka-rim A.A. Khan KC: Applications for arrest warrants in the si-tuation in the State of Palestine”. https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-icc-prosecutor-karim-aa-khan-kc-applications-arrest-warrants-situation-state (Erişim 15 Hazi-ran 2024.)
33. McGreal, Chris. “The Language Being Used to Describe Palestinians is Genocidal”, The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/oct/16/the-language-being-used-to-describe-palestinians-is-genocidal (Erişim 16 Kasım 2023.)
34. Middle East Monitor. “Former Mossad official: ‘Children in Gaza over 4 deserve to be starved’” https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240217-former-mossad-official-children-in-gaza-over-4-deserve-to-be-starved/ (17 Şubat 2024.)
35. Fontbonne University. “Information Literacy and the Israel-Hamas War”. https://library.fontbonne.edu/c.php?g=1360452&p=10048202 (Erişim 26 Eylül 2024.)
36. Berman, Lazar. “‘Moral disgrace of the first order’: Prime Minister’s Office slams ICC prosecutor’s call for arrest warrants” The Times of Israel https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/moral-disgrace-of-the-first-order-prime-ministers-office-slams-icc-prosecutors-call-for-arrest-warrants/ (Erişim 10 Eylül 2024.)
37. Al Jazeerah. “World reacts to ICC prosecutor seeking Israel, Hamas arrest warrants”. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/20/world-reacts-to-icc-prosecutor-seeking-israel-hamas-arrest-warrants (Erişim 20 Mayıs 2024.)
38. Michele Kambas, “ICC warrants are binding, EU cannot pick and choose, EU's Borrell says”, Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/icc-warrants-are-binding-eu-cannot-pick-choose-eus-borrell-says-2024-11-23/ (Erişim 26 Kasım 2024.)
39. Simon Tisdall, “The Israel-Gaza ceasefire deal hangs by a thread. This is what must happen for peace to last”, The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/jan/20/israel-gaza-ceasefire-deal-peace-benjamin-netanyahu-hamas (Erişim 23 Ocak 2025.)
40. The Gurdian “‘Reward for terrorism’: Israeli politicians unite to con-demn ICC arrest warrant for Netanyahu”. https://www.theguardian.com/law/2024/nov/21/israel-politicians-condemn-icc-arrest-warrants-netanyahu-gallant (Erişim 26 Kasım 2024.)
41. Keshet Neev, Joanie Margulies, “No 'outrageous' decision will stop me, says Netanyahu about ICC arrest warrant” The Jerusalem Post. https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-830202 (Erişim 23 Ocak 2025.)