TÜRKİYE’NİN HUKUKİ NAKİL TECRÜBESİ VE TÜRK TİPİ BAŞKANLIK SİSTEMİ

Öz

Şu ana kadar Türkiye'nin son dönemde benimsemiş olduğu başkanlık sistemi hakkında çok fazla şey yazılıp çizildi. Ancak Türkiye’nin hukuki nakil tecrübelerine ilişkin çalışmalar oldukça sınırlı düzeyde. Türk demokrasisi, kurulduğu andan itibaren gönüllü ve kapsamlı bir transplantasyon deneyiminden geçtiği için ilginç bir vaka çalışması oluşturmaktadır. 2007, 2010 ve 2017 yıllarında yapmış olduğu referandumlarla, ülke parlamenter sistemden başkanlık sistemine geçiş sağlamıştır. Bunu yaparken, bu iki sistemin en güçlü yanlarını başkanın eline bırakan eklektik bir metot benimsemiştir. Bahsi geçen meseleler irdelenirken, öncelikle orijinal başkanlık sisteminin genel karakteristiği tartışılacaktır. Sonrasında, Türk tipi başkanlık sisteminin genel özellikleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Müteakiben, Türk demokrasisinin hukuki nakil tecrübesinin Türk hukuku üzerindeki etkileri tartışılacaktır. Son olarak, benimsenen bu yeni sistemin ne ölçüde orijinal başkanlık sistemi ile uyum içerisinde olduğu hususu araştırılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hukuki Nakil
• Referandumlar
• Türk Tipi Başkanlık Sistemi
• Başarı yahut Hezimet
• Hatalı Uygulamalar

Turkey’s Experience of Legal Transplantation and Turkish-Style Presidential System

Abstract

So far, much ink has been spilled about presidential system that Turkey has recently adopted. Yet, there is limited study on Turkey’s legal transplantation journey. Turkey constitutes an interesting case study as it has gone through a voluntary and comprehensive transplant experience from the beginning of the country's foundation. Recently, it has held three constitutional referendums which took place in 2007, 2010, and 2017 to turn its parliamentary system into a presidential one. By doing so, it employed an eclectic method, meaning that it aimed to accumulate the strongest aspects and elements of both parliamentary and presidential models in the hands of the President. In this study, first the general characteristics of the original presidential system will be discussed. Then, the features of ‘Turkish-style-presidential-system’ will be examined. This is followed by a detailed analysis of current transplant’s influences on Turkey’s law. Finally, whether and to what extent this new system fits into the original model will be explored.

Keywords

• Legal Transplantation
• Referandums
• Turkish-style-presidential-system’
• Success or Failure
• Malicious Practices

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