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A PERSPECTIVE ON THE DEBATE ABOUT JUSTICE BETWEEN SOCRATES AND CALLICLES: IMPLICATIONS FROM AL-FARABI

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 615 - 629, 26.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.15337/suhfd.1594771

Öz

The debate on justice between Socrates and Callicles in Plato’s Gorgias presents a clash of perspectives. Callicles contends that justice arises naturally from the dominance of the stronger over the weaker, reflecting the primal order of nature. In contrast, Socrates advocates for a conception of justice grounded in virtue, emphasizing harmony and self-discipline as the foundation of a just society. Al-Farabi, a later interpreter of Plato’s works, offers a synthesis of these seemingly opposing views in his Ideal State, where he defines justice in two distinct senses. The first, natural sense of justice, aligns with Callicles’ perspective, while the second, civil sense of justice, corresponds to Socrates’ vision of justice as a product of societal conventions. This paper explores whether Al-Farabi reconciles these dual definitions of justice and examines the implications of his interpretation for understanding Plato’s evolving philosophical viewpoint.

Kaynakça

  • AL-FARABI (Translated by Ahmet Arslan): İdeal Devlet, 2nd Edition, Istanbul 2017.
  • AL-FARABI: Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle, New York 2001.
  • BENSON, Hugh H, "Plato’s Method of Dialectic", A Companion to Plato, Germany 2006, p. 85-99.
  • DODDS, E.R: Plato Gorgias; A Revised Text with Introduction and Commentary, London 1959.
  • DOSKOZHANOVA, Aizhan /NURYSHEVA,Gulzhikhan /TULEUBEKOV,Assyl: "State Policy as Virtue in Doctrines of Plato and Al-Farabi", Man India, Volume 96 Issue 7, 2016, p. 1979-1993.
  • FAKHRY, Majid: "Al-Farabi and the Reconciliation of Plato and Aris-totle", Journal of the History of Ideas, 1965. 26(4): p. 469-478.
  • HANSEN, Peter J: Plato’s Tough Guys and Their Attachment to Jus-tice, United States 2019.
  • KNOLL, Manuel: "Sophistic Criticisms of the Rule of Law. A Compar-ison of Callicles and Thrasymachus", Filosofickýčasopis Spe-cial Issue 2021. 2: p. 65-87.
  • MAHDI, Muhsin: "Al-Fārābī's İmperfect State", Journal of the Ameri-can Oriental Society, Volume 110 Issue 4, 1990, p. 691-726.
  • NAILS, Debra: The People of Plato: A Prosopography of Plato and Other Socratics, Indianapolis 2002.
  • PLATO (Translated by Sabahattin Eyüboğlu and M. Ali Cimcoz): Devlet, 39th Edition, Istanbul 2019.
  • PLATO (Translated by Mehmet Rifat and Sema Rifat):Gorgias, 11th Edition, Istanbul 2020.
  • SEDLEY, David, Plato's Cratylus, Cambridge 2003.
  • STAUFFER, Devin: “The Confrontation between Socrates and Calli-cles”, The Unity of Plato’s “Gorgias”: Rhetoric, Justice, and the Philosophic Life, Cambridge 2006, p. 82-122.
  • STAUFFER, Devin, "Socrates and Callicles: A Reading of Plato's Gor-gias", The Review of Politics, 2002, Volume 64 Issue 4, p. 627-658.
  • TARRANT, Harold: "The Dramatic Background of the Arguments with Callicles, Euripides' Antiope, and an Athenian Anti-Intellectual Argument”, Journal of the Australian Society for Classical Studies",Antichthon, 2008. (42): p. 20-39.
  • WHITE, Stephen A: "Thrasymachus the Diplomat", Classical Philolo-gy, 1995. 90(4): p. 307-327.

SOKRATES İLE KALLİKLES ARASINDAKİ ADALET TARTIŞMASINA DAİR BİR PERSPEKTİF: FARABİ’DEN ÇIKARIMLAR

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 615 - 629, 26.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.15337/suhfd.1594771

Öz

Platon’un Gorgias eserinde, Sokrates ve Kallikles arasında adalet üzerine yapılan tartışma, farklı bakış açılarının bir çatışmasını sunar. Kallikles, adaletin doğanın ilkel düzenini yansıtarak güçlülerin zayıflar üzerindeki hakimiyetinden doğal olarak ortaya çıktığını savunur. Buna karşılık, Sokrates, erdeme dayalı bir adalet anlayışını savunarak, uyum ve özdisiplini adil bir toplumun temeli olarak vurgular. Platon’un eserlerinin daha sonraki asırlarca yorumlayan Farabi, İdeal Devlet adlı eserinde, görünüşte zıt olan bu görüşleri uzlaştıran bir sentez sunar. Farabi, adaleti iki farklı anlamda tanımlar: Doğal anlamda adalet, Kallikles’in görüşüyle uyumlu iken; medeni anlamda adalet, Sokrates’in, adaletin toplumsal kurallardan kaynaklanan bir kavram olduğu yönündeki anlayışıyla örtüşür. Bu çalışma, Farabi’nin bu iki farklı adalet tanımını uzlaştırıp uzlaştırmadığını ve onun yorumunun, Platon’un değişen felsefi bakış açısını anlamak üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • AL-FARABI (Translated by Ahmet Arslan): İdeal Devlet, 2nd Edition, Istanbul 2017.
  • AL-FARABI: Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle, New York 2001.
  • BENSON, Hugh H, "Plato’s Method of Dialectic", A Companion to Plato, Germany 2006, p. 85-99.
  • DODDS, E.R: Plato Gorgias; A Revised Text with Introduction and Commentary, London 1959.
  • DOSKOZHANOVA, Aizhan /NURYSHEVA,Gulzhikhan /TULEUBEKOV,Assyl: "State Policy as Virtue in Doctrines of Plato and Al-Farabi", Man India, Volume 96 Issue 7, 2016, p. 1979-1993.
  • FAKHRY, Majid: "Al-Farabi and the Reconciliation of Plato and Aris-totle", Journal of the History of Ideas, 1965. 26(4): p. 469-478.
  • HANSEN, Peter J: Plato’s Tough Guys and Their Attachment to Jus-tice, United States 2019.
  • KNOLL, Manuel: "Sophistic Criticisms of the Rule of Law. A Compar-ison of Callicles and Thrasymachus", Filosofickýčasopis Spe-cial Issue 2021. 2: p. 65-87.
  • MAHDI, Muhsin: "Al-Fārābī's İmperfect State", Journal of the Ameri-can Oriental Society, Volume 110 Issue 4, 1990, p. 691-726.
  • NAILS, Debra: The People of Plato: A Prosopography of Plato and Other Socratics, Indianapolis 2002.
  • PLATO (Translated by Sabahattin Eyüboğlu and M. Ali Cimcoz): Devlet, 39th Edition, Istanbul 2019.
  • PLATO (Translated by Mehmet Rifat and Sema Rifat):Gorgias, 11th Edition, Istanbul 2020.
  • SEDLEY, David, Plato's Cratylus, Cambridge 2003.
  • STAUFFER, Devin: “The Confrontation between Socrates and Calli-cles”, The Unity of Plato’s “Gorgias”: Rhetoric, Justice, and the Philosophic Life, Cambridge 2006, p. 82-122.
  • STAUFFER, Devin, "Socrates and Callicles: A Reading of Plato's Gor-gias", The Review of Politics, 2002, Volume 64 Issue 4, p. 627-658.
  • TARRANT, Harold: "The Dramatic Background of the Arguments with Callicles, Euripides' Antiope, and an Athenian Anti-Intellectual Argument”, Journal of the Australian Society for Classical Studies",Antichthon, 2008. (42): p. 20-39.
  • WHITE, Stephen A: "Thrasymachus the Diplomat", Classical Philolo-gy, 1995. 90(4): p. 307-327.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hukuk Teorisi, İçtihat ve Hukuki Yorum
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Yazarlar

Burçin Aydoğdu 0000-0002-5313-5676

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 24 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydoğdu, B. (2025). A PERSPECTIVE ON THE DEBATE ABOUT JUSTICE BETWEEN SOCRATES AND CALLICLES: IMPLICATIONS FROM AL-FARABI. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(1), 615-629. https://doi.org/10.15337/suhfd.1594771
AMA Aydoğdu B. A PERSPECTIVE ON THE DEBATE ABOUT JUSTICE BETWEEN SOCRATES AND CALLICLES: IMPLICATIONS FROM AL-FARABI. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. Mart 2025;33(1):615-629. doi:10.15337/suhfd.1594771
Chicago Aydoğdu, Burçin. “A PERSPECTIVE ON THE DEBATE ABOUT JUSTICE BETWEEN SOCRATES AND CALLICLES: IMPLICATIONS FROM AL-FARABI”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 33, sy. 1 (Mart 2025): 615-29. https://doi.org/10.15337/suhfd.1594771.
EndNote Aydoğdu B (01 Mart 2025) A PERSPECTIVE ON THE DEBATE ABOUT JUSTICE BETWEEN SOCRATES AND CALLICLES: IMPLICATIONS FROM AL-FARABI. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 33 1 615–629.
IEEE B. Aydoğdu, “A PERSPECTIVE ON THE DEBATE ABOUT JUSTICE BETWEEN SOCRATES AND CALLICLES: IMPLICATIONS FROM AL-FARABI”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 33, sy. 1, ss. 615–629, 2025, doi: 10.15337/suhfd.1594771.
ISNAD Aydoğdu, Burçin. “A PERSPECTIVE ON THE DEBATE ABOUT JUSTICE BETWEEN SOCRATES AND CALLICLES: IMPLICATIONS FROM AL-FARABI”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 33/1 (Mart 2025), 615-629. https://doi.org/10.15337/suhfd.1594771.
JAMA Aydoğdu B. A PERSPECTIVE ON THE DEBATE ABOUT JUSTICE BETWEEN SOCRATES AND CALLICLES: IMPLICATIONS FROM AL-FARABI. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;33:615–629.
MLA Aydoğdu, Burçin. “A PERSPECTIVE ON THE DEBATE ABOUT JUSTICE BETWEEN SOCRATES AND CALLICLES: IMPLICATIONS FROM AL-FARABI”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 33, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 615-29, doi:10.15337/suhfd.1594771.
Vancouver Aydoğdu B. A PERSPECTIVE ON THE DEBATE ABOUT JUSTICE BETWEEN SOCRATES AND CALLICLES: IMPLICATIONS FROM AL-FARABI. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;33(1):615-29.

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