KARAYİPLER ADALET DİVANI VE KARAYİPLER TOPLULUĞU BÜTÜNLEŞMESİNİN YASALLAŞMASI

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2, 1209 - 1249, 30.06.2025

Samet Yılmaz , Kamuran Reçber

https://doi.org/10.15337/suhfd.1487606

Öz

Karayipler Adalet Divanı (Caribbean Court of Justice-CCJ), Karayipler bölgesindeki on beş (tam) üyeden oluşan ve öncelikli olarak ekonomik iş birliği yoluyla bölgesel bütünleşmeyi hedefleyen Karayipler Topluluğu (Caribbean Community-CARICOM) örgütünün kurumsal yapısı bünyesinde, örgütün kurucu antlaşması düzenlemelerinin yorumlanmasına ve uygulanmasına ilişkin ortaya çıkabilecek uyuşmazlıkların çözümüyle yetkilendirilmiş bir uluslararası mahkemedir. Bu niteliğiyle Divan, CARICOM bütünleşme hukuku düzenlemelerinin yorumlanması, detaylandırılması ve açıklığa kavuşturulması bakımından, CARICOM’un kurumsal yapısı içerisinde kilit bir konumda bulunmaktadır. Peki, kurucu antlaşma düzenlemelerinin yorumlanmasına ve uygulanmasına ilişkin olarak ortaya çıkabilecek uyuşmazlıkların çözümü konusunda yetkilendirilen CCJ, CARICOM bütünleşme sürecinin gelişimine nasıl etki etmektedir? Bu çalışma bahsi geçen soruya, Abbot ve diğerleri tarafından geliştirilen yasallaşma (legalization) kavramının sunduğu analitik çerçeve kapsamında yanıt aramaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bölgesel Bütünleşme , Karayipler Topluluğu , Karayipler Adalet Divanı , Uyuşmazlıkların Çözümü , Yasallaşma

Kaynakça

• ABBOTT, Kenneth W./KEOHANE, Robert O./MORAVCSIK, Andrew/SLAUGHTER, Anne-Marie/SNIDAL, Duncan: “The Concept of Legalization”, International Organization, C. 54, S. 3, Legalization and World Politics, 2000, s. 401-419.
• ABBOTT, Kenneth W./SNIDAL, Duncan: “Hard and Soft Law in International Governance”, International Organization, C. 54, S. 3, Legalization and World Politics, 2000, s. 421-456.
• ALTER, Karen J.: “The Global Spread of European Style International Courts”, West European Politics, C. 35, S. 1, 2012, s. 135-154.
• ALTER, Karen J.: The New Terrain of International Law: Courts, Politics, Rights, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2014.
• BERNARD, Désirée P.: “The Caribbean Court of Justice: A New Judicial Experience”, International Journal of Legal Information, C. 37, S. 2, 2009, s. 219-238.
• BERRY, David S.: Caribbean Integration Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014.
• BIRDSONG, Leonard: “The Formation of the Caribbean Court of Justice: The Sunset of British Colonial Rule in the English Speaking Caribbean”, The University of Miami Inter-American Law Review, C. 36, S. 2/3, 2005, s. 197-227.
• BÖRZEL, Tanja A./RISSE, Thomas: “Diffusing (Inter-)Regionalism: The EU as A Model of Regional Integration”, KFG Working Paper Series, 7, 2009. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-368027, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• CARIBBEAN COURT OF JUSTICE: Caribbean Court of Justice Original Jurisdiction Rules 2021, https://ccj.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Caribbean-Court-of-Justice-Original-Jurisdiction-Rules-2021.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• CARIBBEAN COURT OF JUSTICE: Revised Agreement Establishing the Caribbean Court of Justice Trust Fund, https://ccj.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/ccj_rev_trustfund.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• CARIBBEAN COURT OF JUSTICE: CCJ Application No OA 002 of 2012 Between Shanique Myrie and Barbados, [2012] CCJ 3 (OJ), https://ccj.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2012_CCJ_3_OJ.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• CARIBBEAN COURT OF JUSTICE: CCJ Application No OA 1 of 2012 Between Trinidad Cement Limited and the Competition Commission, [2012] CCJ 4 (OJ), https://ccj.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2012_CCJ_4_OJ.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024)
• CARIBBEAN COURT OF JUSTICE: CCJ Application No. AR 1 of 2008 Between Trinidad Cement Limited TCL Guyana Incorporated and the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, [2008] CCJ 1 (OJ). https://ccj.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2008_CCJ_1_OJ.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• CARIBBEAN COURT OF JUSTICE: CCJ Application No. AR 1 of 2008 Between Trinidad Cement Limited TCL Guyana Incorporated and the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, [2009] CCJ 1 (OJ), https://www.ccj.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/ar12008_judgement.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• CARIBBEAN COURT OF JUSTICE: CCJ Application No. AR 3 of 2008 Between Trinidad Cement Limited and the Caribbean Community, [2009] CCJ 2 (OJ), https://ccj.org/judgments/ar3_2008/ar32008.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• CARIBBEAN COURT OF JUSTICE: CCJ Application No. OA 002 of 2012 Between Shanique Myrie and the State of Barbados and the State of Jamaica, [2013] CCJ 3 (OJ), https://www.ccj.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2013-CCJ-3-OJ.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• CARIBBEAN COURT OF JUSTICE: CCJ Application No. OA 1 of 2009, Between Trinidad Cement Limited and the Caribbean Community, 2009] CCJ 4 (OJ), https://ccj.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2009_CCJ_4_OJ.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• CARIBBEAN COURT OF JUSTICE: CCJ Application No. OA 2 of 2009 Between Trinidad Cement Limited TCL Guyana Incorporated and the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, [2009] CCJ 5 (OJ), https://ccj.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2009_CCJ_5_OJ.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• CARICOM IMPACS: CARICOM Crime and Security Strategy 2013: Securing the Region, Adopted at The Twenty-Fourth Inter-Sessional Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government of CARICOM, 18-19 February 2013, Port-au-Prince, Republic of Haiti, 2013, https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/210844.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• CARICOM: Agreement Establishing the Caribbean Court of Justice, https://caricom.org/treaties/agreement-establishing-the-caribbean-court-of-justice-ccj/, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• CARICOM: Caribbean Court of Justice Trust Fund Agreement Enters into Force Court Arrangements Advance, https://caricom.org/caribbean-court-of-justice-trust-fund-agreement-enters-into-force-court-arrangements-advance/, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• CARICOM: Protocol to The Agreement Establishing the Caribbean Court of Justice Relating to the Tenure of Judges, Rules of Court, Financial Arrangements and Withdrawal from Agreement as well as the Relationship Between Provisions on the Original Jurisdiction of the Caribbean Court of Justice and the Constitutions of States Parties, https://caricom.org/treaties/protocol-to-the-agreement-establishing-the-ccj-relating-to-the-tenure-of-judges-rules-of-court-financial-arrangements-and-withdrawal/, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• CARICOM: Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas Establishing the Caribbean Community Including the CARICOM Single Market and Economy, https://caricom.org/treaties/revised-treaty-of-chaguaramas-establishing-the-caricom-including-csme/, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• CARICOM: The Treaty of Chaguaramas (Treaty Establishing the Caribbean Community and Annex to the Treaty, the Caribbean Common Market), https://caricom.org/treaties/treaty-establishing-the-caribbean-community/, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• CASERTA, Salvatore/MADSEN, Mikael Rask: “Consolidation Supranational Authority: A Commentary on the Caribbean Court of Justice’s Decisions in the Tomlinson Case”, Legal Studies Research Paper Series, S. 76, 2019, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2856227, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• CASERTA, Salvatore: International Courts in Latin America and the Caribbean: Foundations and Authority, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2020.
• DE MESTRAL C. M.: Armand: “The Constitutional Functions of the Caribbean Court of Justice”, McGill Journal of Dispute Resolution, C. 1, S. 2, 2015, s. 43-75.
• GUZMAN, Andrew T.: “International Tribunals: A Rational Choice Analysis”, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, C. 157, 2008, s. 171-235.
• HELFER, Laurence R./SLAUGHTER, Anne-Marie: “Why States Create International Tribunals: A Response to Professors Posner and Yoo”, California Law Review, C. 93, S. 3, 2005, s. 899-956.
• JESSEN, Anneke/RODRÍGUEZ, Ennio: “The Caribbean Community: Facing the Challenges of Regional and Global Integration”, IDB-INTAL, Occasional Paper 2, January 1999, https://publications.iadb.org/en/publication/10893/caribbean-community-facing-challenges-regional-and-global-integration, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.04.2024).
• KAHLER, Miles: “Conclusion: The Causes and Consequences of Legalization”, International Organization, C. 54, S. 3, Legalization and World Politics, 2000, s. 661-683.
• KEOHANE, Robert O./MORAVCSIK, Andrew/SLAUGHTER, Anne-Marie: “Legalized Dispute Resolution: Interstate and Transnational”, International Organization, C. 54, S. 3, Legalization and World Politics, 2000, s. 457-488.
• KOCKEN, Joris/VAN Roozendaal, Gerda: “Constructing the Caribbean Court of Justice: How Ideas Inform Institutional Choices”, European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies/Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe, S. 93, 2012, s. 95-112,
• LLIVINA, Carina Alcoberro: “Small States and Regional Dispute Resolution Mechanisms: The Caribbean and Pacific Experiences”, Butler, Petra/Lein, Eva/Salim, Rhonson (editörler), Integration and International Dispute Resolution in Small States, Springer Publishing, Cham, 2018, s. 27-59.
• MADSEN, Mikael Rask: “Judicial Globalization: The Proliferation of International Courts”, Cassese, Sabino (Editör), Research Handbook on Global Administrative Law, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, 2016, s. 282-302.
• NYMAN-METCALF, Katrin/PAPAGEORGIOU, Ioannis: Regional Integration and Courts of Justice, Intersentia Publishing, Antwerpen, 2005.
• O’BRIEN, Derek/MORANO-FOADI, Sonia: “The Caribbean Court of Justice and Legal Integration within CARICOM: Some Lessons from the European Community”, The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, C. 8, S. 3, s. 399-429.
• O’BRIEN, Derek: “CARICOM: Regional Integration in a Post-Colonial World”, European Law Journal, C. 17, S. 5, 2011, s. 630–648.
• O’CONNELL, Mary Ellen/VANDERZEE, Lenore: “The History of International Adjudication”, Romano, Cesare Pr./Alter, Karen J./Shany, Yuval (Editörler), The Oxford Handbook of International Adjudication, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014, s. 40-62.
• PAZARCI, Hüseyin: Uluslararası Hukuk, 3. Baskı, Turhan Kitapevi, Ankara 2005.
• REÇBER, Kamuran: Avrupa Birliği Hukuku ve Temel Metinleri, 3. Baskı, Dora Yayıncılık, Bursa, 2018.
• REÇBER, Kamuran: Uluslararası Hukuk, 5. Baskı, Dora Yayınları, Bursa, 2023.
• ROMANO, Cesare P.R.: “The Proliferation of International Judicial Bodies: The Pieces of the Puzzle”, New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, C. 31, 1999, s. 709-751.
• SÖDERBAUM, Fredrik: Rethinking Regionalism, Palgrave Macmillan Publishing, London, 2016.
• VON BOGDANDY, Armin/VENZKE, Ingo: “International Judicial Institutions in International Relations: Functions, Authority and Legitimacy”, Reinalda, Bob (editör), Routledge Handbook of International Organization, Routledge Press, New York, 2013, s. 461-472.
• YILMAZ, Samet/BELDER, Ferit: “Küresel Sağlık Krizlerinde Bölgesel İş Birliği: COVID-19 Salgınının Yönetiminde CARICOM ve SADC’nin Rolü”, Afet ve Risk Dergisi, C. 6, S. 3, 2023, s. 1181-1199.
• YILMAZ, Samet/REÇBER, Kamuran: “Karayipler Topluluğu: Hükümetler Arası İş Birliği Yoluyla Bölgesel Bütünleşme Arayışı”, İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, C. 15, S. 1, 2023, s. 61-85.