FARKLI ORGANİK VE HİDROLİK YÜKLEMELERDE HAREKETLİ YATAK BİYOFİLM REAKTÖRLERİN (HYBR) PERFORMANSI

Öz

Hareketli Yatak Biyofilm Reaktör (HYBR)’ler aktif çamur prosesinin bir modifikasyonudur. Proses, sentetik taşıyıcı malzeme ilave edilmiş havalandırma havuzu ve geri devirsiz çökeltme havuzundan oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, HYBR prosesi tanımlanmış, prosesin farklı hidrolik ve organik yüklemelerdeki performansı organik madde ve azot giderimi ile çamur üretimi açısından incelenmiştir. 2 L’lik havalandırma havuzunun boş hacminin % 50’si Kaldnes K1 ile doldurulmuş ve sentetik atıksu ile beslenmiştir. HYBR performansı üzerine hidrolik yüklemenin etkisi 4, 8 ve 12 saat hidrolik alıkonma sürelerinde 500 mg/L KOİ içeren sentetik atıksuyun reaktöre beslenmesi ile, organik yüklemenin etkisi ise 8 saat hidrolik alıkonma süresinde 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 mg/L KOİ içeren sentetik atıksuyun reaktöre beslenmesi ile izlenmiştir.Hidrolik yüklemelerde, 500 mg/L KOİ içeren sentetik atıksuyun arıtımında 4 saat hidrolik alıkonma süresinin ortalama % 94.6 KOİ giderim verimi ile yeterli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, artan hidrolik alıkonma ile nitrifikasyonda artış gözlenmiştir. Çıkış nitrat azotu sırasıyla 6,12 mg/L, 10,99 mg/L ve 16,6 mg/L olarak ölçülmüştür.Organik yüklemelerde, organik yükleme arttıkça organik madde giderimi azalmış, 6 g KOİ/m2.gün ‘ün üzerinde nitrifikasyon gözlenmemiştir. Ortalama KOİ giderim verimleri organik artan yüklemelerde sırasıyla % 95.1, % 94.9, % 89.3, % 68.7, % 45.2 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çamur oluşumu, 500 mg/L KOİ girişinde 0.12 kg AKM/kg KOİ olarak elde edilmiş ve artan organik yükleme ile artmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Atıksu Arıtımı, Hareketli Yatak Biyofilm Reaktörler (HYBR), Organik Madde Giderimi, Arıtma Çamuru

Performance of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBR) at Different Organic and Hydraulic Loadings

Abstract

Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) is a modification of activated sludge process. The process has an aeration tank with synthetic carrier element and no sludge recycling from the clarifier. In this study, MBBR process is defined and its performance under different hydraulic and organic loadings was revealed as organic matter removal, nitrogen removal and sludge production. Aeration tank with 2 L volume was filled with the Kaldnes biomedia K1 at 50% of the volume of empty reactor and fed continuously with synthetic wastewater.The effect of hydraulic loadings on MBBR was studied with feeding synthetic wastewater that consist of 500 mgCOD/L at 4, 8 and 12 hours hydraulic retention times whereas the effect of organic loadings on MBBR was studied by feeding synthetic wastewater containing 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 5000 mgCOD/L as a function of organic load at 8 hour hydraulic retention time.At the hydraulic loads, 4 hour hydraulic retention time was founded enough for treating wastewater that consist 500 mgCOD/L with 94.6 % average COD removal. However, by increasing hydraulic retention time nitrification increased. Effluent nitrate-nitrogen was measured 6.12 mg/L, 10.99 mg/L ve 16.6 mg/L at 4, 8 and 12 hours, respectively.At the organic loads, when organic loading was increased from 6 to 96 g COD/m2.d, organic matter removal decreased.Nitrification became insignificant at organic loading rate of 6 g COD/m2.d. Average COD removal at the organic loadings were calculated as 95.1 %, 94.9 %, 89.3 %, 68.7 %, 45.2 % at 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 g COD/m2.d organic loadings, respectively. Resultant sludge production was equal to 0.12 kg TSS/kg totalCOD for influent totalCOD of 500 mg/L and increased when organic loading was increased.

Keywords

• Wastewater Treatment, Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR), Organic Matter Removal, Sludge Production

Kaynakça

1. Andreottola, G., Foladori, P., Ragazi, M. (2000), Upgrading of a small wastewater treatment plant in a cold climate region using a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system. Water Science and Technology, 41,1, 177‐185.
2. Andreottola, G., Foladori, P., Ragazi, M., Villa, R. (2002), Dairy wastewater treatment in a moving bed biofilm reactor.Water Science and Technology, 45, 12, 321‐328.
3. Andreottola, G., Foladori, P., Gatti, G., Nardelli, P., Pettena, M., Ragazzi, M. (2003), Upgrading of a small overloaded activated sludge plant using a MBBR system. Journal of Env. Science and Health Part A‐Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, A38, 10,  2317–2328.
4. APHA, AWWA, WEF (2005), Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edition. Washington, DC, USA
5. Aspegren, H., Nyberg, U., Andersson, B., Gotthardsson, S., Jansen, J. (1998), Post denitrification in a moving bed biofilm reactor process. Water Science and Technology, 38, 1, 31‐38.
6. Broch‐Due, A., Andersen, R., Opheim, B. (1997), Treatment of integrated newsprint mill wastewater in moving bed biofilm reactors. Water Science and Technology, 35, 2‐3, 173‐180.
7. Dalentoft, E., Thulin, P., (1997) The Use Of Kaldnes suspended carrier process in treatment of wastewaters from the forest industry. Water Science and Technology 35, 2‐3, 123‐130
8. Daude, D., Stephenson, T. (2003), Moving bed biofilm reactors: A small‐scale treatment solution. Water Science and Techonology, 48, 11‐12, 251‐257.

9. Ertugrul, T., Berktay, A., Nas, B., (2006), Influence of Salt and Cr(VI) Shock Loadings on Oxygen Utilization and COD Removal in SBR, Environmental Engineering Science, 23, 6, 1055‐1064.
10. Guarino, C. F., Nelson, M. D., Lozanoff, M., Wilson, T. E. (1980), Upgrading activated sludge plants using rotary biological contactor. Water Pollution Control, 79, 255‐268.
11. Hem, J. L., Rusten, B., Ødegaard, H. (1994), Nitrification in a moving bed biofilm reactor. Water Research, 28, 6, 1425‐1433.
12. Jahren, S.J., Rintala, J.A., Ødegaard, H. (2002), Aerobic moving bed biofilm reactor treating thermomechanical pulping whitewater under thermophilic conditions. Water Research, 36, 1067‐1075.
13. Kulikowska, D., Klimiuk, E., Drzewicki, A. (2007), BOD5 and COD removal and sludge production in SBR working with or without anoxic phase. Bioresource Technology, 98, 7, 1426‐1432.
14. Maurer, M., Fux, C., Graff, M., Siegrist, H. (2001), Moving‐bed biological treatment (MBBT) of municipal wastewater: denitrification. Water Science and Technology, 43, 11, 337‐344.
15. Metcalf and Eddy (2003). Wastewater Engineering Treatment and Reuse. Fourth Edition, Mc Graw Hill, New York.
16. Morgenroth, E., Kommedal, R.,    Harremoes, P. (2002), Processes and modelling of hydrolysis of particulate organic matter in aerobic wastewater treatment—a review, Water Science and Technology, 45, 6, 25–40.
17. Plattes, M., Henry, E., Schosseler, P.M., Weıdenhaupt, A. (2006). Modeling and dynamic simulation of a moving bed bioreactor for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 32,  61‐68
18. Rusten, B., Ødegaard, H., Lundar, A. (1992), Treatment of dairy wastewater in a novel moving bed biofilm reactor. Water Science and Technology, 26, 3‐4, 703‐711.
19. Rusten, B., Siljudalen, J.G., Nordeidet, B., (1994). Upgrading to nitrogen removal with KMT moving‐ bed biofilm process. Water Science and Technology, 29, 12, 185‐195.
20. Rusten, B., Hem, L.J., Ødegaard, H. (1995), Nitrification of municipal wastewater in moving‐bed biofilm reactors. Water Environmental Research, 67, 1, 75‐86.
21. Rusten, B., Siljudalen, J.G., Strand, H. (1996), Upgrading of a biological‐chemical treatment plant for cheese factory wastewater. Water Science and Technology, 34, 11, 41‐49.
22. Rusten, B., Hellstrom, B.G., Hellstrom, F., Sehested, O., Skjelfoss, E., Svendsen, B. (2000), Pilot testing and preliminary design of moving bed biofilm reactors for nitrogen removal at the FREVAR wastewater treatment plant. Water Science and Technology, 41, 4‐5, 13‐20.
23. Rusten, B., Eikebrokk, B., Ulgenes,Y., Lygren, E. (2006), Design and operations of the Kaldnes moving bed biofilm reactors. Aquacultural Engineering, 34, 3, 322‐331.
24. Ødegaard, H., Rusten, B., Badin, H. (1993), Small wastewater treatment plants based on moving bed biofilm reactors. Water Science and Technology, 28, 10, 351‐359.
25. Ødegaard, H., Rusten, B., Westrum, T. (1994), A new moving bed biofilm reactor‐  applications and results. Water Science and Technology, 29, 10‐11, 157‐165.
26. Ødegaard, H. (2000), Advanced compact wastewater treatment based on coagulation and moving bed biofilm process. Water Science and Technology, 42, 12, 33‐48.
27. Orantes, J.C., González‐Martinez, S. (2002), A new low‐cost biofilm carrier for the treatment of municipal wastewater in a moving bed reactor. 5th specialized conference on small water and wastewater treatment systems, Istanbul‐Turkey, 863‐870.
28. Sriwiriyarat T. (1999), Computer program development for the design of IFAS wastewater treatment process. Ms Thesis Viriginia Tech., Blacksburg.
29. Welander, U., Henrysson, T., Welander, T. (1997). Nitrification of landfill leachate using suspended‐ carrier biofilm technology. Water Science and Technology, 31, 9, 2351‐2355.
30. Welander, U., Mattiasson, B. (2003). Denitrification at low temperatures using a suspended carrier biofilm process. Water Research, 37, 2394‐2398.