HAM PETROL İLE KİRLENMİŞ TOPRAKLARIN BİYOREMİDASYON SÜRECİNDE YAĞ ASİTLERİNDEKİ (FLYA-FLME) DEĞİŞİMLER

Öz

Bu çalışmada amaç ülkemizde petrol bulaşmasından kaynaklanan toprak kirliliği sorunlarına karşı “Biyoremidasyon” olarak bilinen ve biyolojik yöntemler ile toprağın yerinde iyileştirilmesi prensibine dayanan yaklaşımlar geliştirmek ayrıca başlangıç ve final topraklarında bulunan yağ asidi proflini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak laboratuvar koşullarında oluşturulan üç temel biyoremidasyon uygulamasının (biyolojik çoğalım, biyolojik uyarım ve bu iki yaklaşımın birleşik uygulaması) ham petrolden kaynaklanan kirliliğin giderilmesindeki etkinliği test edilerek toprakların yağ asidi profili ortaya konmuştur. Biyolojik çoğalım uygulamaları altında, Adana, Batman ve Adıyaman’nın petrol ile kirlenmiş topraklarından izole edilen ham petrollü ortamda en iyi gelişmeyi gösteren ve ham petrolü parçalama düzeyleri en yüksek olan 6 bakteri seçilmiştir. (Pseudomons aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida biotype A, Citrobacter amalonaticus-GC subgroup A, Acinetobacter genomospecies). Biyolojik uyarım uygulamaları altında hümik-fülvik asit olmak üzere organik materyalin ve birleşik uygulamalarda ise bakteri karışımı ile organik materyallin farklı birleşimlerinin 120 günlük bir inkübasyon sürecinde ne kadar ham petrol ayrıştırdığı niceliksel hidrokarbon analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. En yüksek petrol ayrışmasının %56 ile bakteri karışımı uygulanmış biyolojik çoğalım uygulamaları altında meydana gelmiştir. Değişik organik materyallerin kirli toprağa karıştırıldığı biyolojik uyarım koşullarında ise %18 düzeyinde bir petrol ayrışması görülmüştür. Birleşik uygulamalarda petrol ayrışması açısından %30’luk bir başarı sağlanmıştır. Temiz topraklarda ve petrol ile kirlenmiş topraklarda en fazla 15:0 iso, 15:0 anteiso, 16:0, 16:1 w7c, 17:0ai, 18:2w6,9, 18:1w9c yağ asitleri tespit edilmiştir. 18:1w9c yağ asidinin yüksek değerler gösterdiğinden Pseudomonas spp. bakterilerine özgü yağ asidi olduğunu vurgulayabiliriz. 15:0 anteiso yağ asidi değerleri temiz topraklara kıyasla petrol ile kirlenmiş topraklarda daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Petrollü ortamda gram pozitif bakterilerin varlığının arttığını vurgulayabiliriz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Toprak, ham petrol, bakteri, biyoremidasyon, FLYA-FLME

PLFA-FAME Changes During Bioremediation of Crude Oil Contamination Soil

Öz

This study aims to develop certain perspectives based on the principle of on-site remediation of the soil through biological means which is known as "bioremediation" against soil pollution issues resulting from fuel contamination in our country and to reveal the fatty acid profile in the final soils. The fatty acid profile of the soils were pointed out by testing the activity of three basic bioremediation applications (biological multiplication, biological excitation and the combined application of these two approaches) established in the laboratory environment for this aim. Under biological multiplication applications, 6 strains of bacteria were selected which exhibit the highest growth in crude oil environment isolated from oil-contaminated soils of Adana, Batman and Adıyaman and which have the highest levels of crude oil degradation. (Pseudomons aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida biotype A, Citrobacter amalonaticus-GC subgroup A, Acinetobacter genomospecies). Under biological excitation applications, the organic materials being humic-fulvic acid and, in combined applications, different combinations of bacteria mixture and organic materials were examined as to the amount of crude oil they degrade in an incubation period of 120 days by qualitative hydrocarbon-type analyses. The highest level of oil degradation, being %56, occurred under biological multiplication applications where the bacteria mixture was applied. Under biological excitation conditions where various organic materials were applied to the contaminated soil, degradation to %18 was observed. In combined applications, oil degradation was achieved to %30. In unpolluted and oil-contaminated soils, max. 15:0 iso, 15:0 anteiso, 16:0, 16:1 w7c, 17:0ai, 18:2w6,9, 18:1w9c fatty acids were detected. Because the fatty acid 18:1w9c exhibited high levels, we may emphasize that it is a fatty acid typical to the bacteria Pseudomonas spp. It was determined that the levels of the fatty acid 15:0 anteiso is higher in oil-contaminated soils than in unpolluted soils. We may emphasize that the existence of gram positive bacteria increases in oil-contaminated environment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Soil, crude oil, bacteria, bioremediation, FLYA-FLME

Kaynakça

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