Öz
Dezenfeksiyon işlemi sonucunda klor ile organik madde arasındaki reaksiyonlar dezenfeksiyon yan ürünlerinin oluşumunu arttırmaktadır. Klorlanmış sularda bulunabilen dezenfeksiyon yan ürünleri EPA tarafından potansiyel kanserojen olarak sınıflandırıldığı için insan sağlığı için öneme sahiptir. Kanserojen etkiye sahip olmasından dolayı bu tür bileşiklerin içme sularında izlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Konya şehri yeraltı sularındaki trihalometanların (THM) bir yıl süre ile izlenmesi amaçlanmış ve elde edilen ilk veriler sunulmuştur. THM tayini için mikro – ekstraksiyon metodu uygulanmış, farklı solventler ve GC şartları denenerek optimum tayin yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Optimize edilen metot kullanılarak, Konya’nın pınar ve kuyularından seçilen örnek noktalarındaki THM konsantrasyonu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, aynı örnek noktaları için toplam organik karbon (TOK), bromür ve sıcaklık incelenmiştir. THM sonuçları EPA standartları ile karşılaştırılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Dezenfeksiyon yan ürünleri gaz kromatografi mikro-ekstraksiyon THM.
Kaynakça
- Ateş, N., 1999, Konya İçme Suyu Arıtımında Trihalometan Oluşma Potansiyeli, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 105s.
- Aydın, M.E. ve Ateş, N., 2001, Konya içme suyunda trihalometanlar, Selçuk Üniversitesi, MühendislikMimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 16, 1, 1-6.
- DIN 38409, 1983, Standart Method for TOC analysis.
- Duong, H.A., M., Berg, Hoang, M.H., H. V., Pham, H., Gallard, W., Giger, U., Gunten, 2003, Trihalomethane formation by chlorination of ammonium and bromide containing groundwater in water supplies of Hanoi, Vietnam, Water Res., 37, 3242-3252
- EPA, 1994, National Primary Drinking Water Regulations, Disinfection and Disinfection By-Products, Proposed Rule, Federal Register, 59, 145-38667. Golfinopoulos, S., 2000, The occurence of trihalomethanes in the drinking water in Greece, Chemosphere, 41, 1761-1767.
- Kıdak, R., 1997, THM (Trihalometahane) Formation and Prevention in Drinking Water, Master Thesis, Marmara University, Institute for Graduate Studies in Pure and Applied Sciences, p66.
- Kim, J., Chung, Y., Shin, D., Kim, M., Lee, Y., Lim, Y., Lee, D., 2002, Chlorination by-products in surface water treatment process, Desalination, 151, 1-9.
- Lee, K.J., Kim, B.H., J.E., Hong, H.S., Pyo, S., Park, D., Lee, 2001, A study on the distribution of chlorination by-products (CBPs) in treated water in Korea, Water Res., 12, 2861-2872.
- McGuire, M.J. and Meadow, R.G., 1988, AWWARF trihalomethane survey, J. Am. Water Works Ass., 80, 1, 61.
- Nikolaou, A.D., Lekkas, T.D., Golfinopoulos, S.K., Kostopulou, M.N., 2002, Application of different analytical methods for determination of volatile chlorination by-products in drinking water, Talanta, 56, 717-726.
- Nissinen, T.K., Miettinen, I.T., Martikainen, P.J., Vartiainen, T., 2002, Disinfection by-products in finnish drinking waters, Chemosphere, 48, 9-20.
- Serodes, J.B., Rodriguez, M.J., Li, H., Bouchard, C., 2003, Occurence of THM and HAA in experimental chlorinated waters of the Quebec City Area (Canada), Chemosphere, 51, 253-263.
- Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste water, APHA,AWWA,and WEF,Washington, DC, 19th edition,1995. American Water Works Association, 90, 151.
- Williams, D.T., G.L. LeBel, F.M., Benoit, 1997, Disinfection by-products in Canadian drinking water, Chemosphere, 34, 2, 299-316.
Öz
As a result of disinfection, the reactions between the chlorine and organic substances increased the formation of chlorination by-products. Since chlorination by-products are classified as potential carcinogenic by EPA, they are of importance for human health. The monitoring of these substances is needed because of the fact that they are of carcinogenic. In this study, the monitoring of THM in ground water of Konya City is aimed for one year and the initial data obtained are presented. In order to determine the THM, micro-extraction was performed. The method is optimized by using different solvents and GC conditions. Optimized method was used to measure THM in the selected sampling points (springs and wells). Water quality parameters (i.e., TOC, bromide and temperature) were also measured. THM data is compared with EPA standards.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Disinfection by-products gas chromatography micro-extraciton THMs.
Kaynakça
- Ateş, N., 1999, Konya İçme Suyu Arıtımında Trihalometan Oluşma Potansiyeli, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 105s.
- Aydın, M.E. ve Ateş, N., 2001, Konya içme suyunda trihalometanlar, Selçuk Üniversitesi, MühendislikMimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 16, 1, 1-6.
- DIN 38409, 1983, Standart Method for TOC analysis.
- Duong, H.A., M., Berg, Hoang, M.H., H. V., Pham, H., Gallard, W., Giger, U., Gunten, 2003, Trihalomethane formation by chlorination of ammonium and bromide containing groundwater in water supplies of Hanoi, Vietnam, Water Res., 37, 3242-3252
- EPA, 1994, National Primary Drinking Water Regulations, Disinfection and Disinfection By-Products, Proposed Rule, Federal Register, 59, 145-38667. Golfinopoulos, S., 2000, The occurence of trihalomethanes in the drinking water in Greece, Chemosphere, 41, 1761-1767.
- Kıdak, R., 1997, THM (Trihalometahane) Formation and Prevention in Drinking Water, Master Thesis, Marmara University, Institute for Graduate Studies in Pure and Applied Sciences, p66.
- Kim, J., Chung, Y., Shin, D., Kim, M., Lee, Y., Lim, Y., Lee, D., 2002, Chlorination by-products in surface water treatment process, Desalination, 151, 1-9.
- Lee, K.J., Kim, B.H., J.E., Hong, H.S., Pyo, S., Park, D., Lee, 2001, A study on the distribution of chlorination by-products (CBPs) in treated water in Korea, Water Res., 12, 2861-2872.
- McGuire, M.J. and Meadow, R.G., 1988, AWWARF trihalomethane survey, J. Am. Water Works Ass., 80, 1, 61.
- Nikolaou, A.D., Lekkas, T.D., Golfinopoulos, S.K., Kostopulou, M.N., 2002, Application of different analytical methods for determination of volatile chlorination by-products in drinking water, Talanta, 56, 717-726.
- Nissinen, T.K., Miettinen, I.T., Martikainen, P.J., Vartiainen, T., 2002, Disinfection by-products in finnish drinking waters, Chemosphere, 48, 9-20.
- Serodes, J.B., Rodriguez, M.J., Li, H., Bouchard, C., 2003, Occurence of THM and HAA in experimental chlorinated waters of the Quebec City Area (Canada), Chemosphere, 51, 253-263.
- Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste water, APHA,AWWA,and WEF,Washington, DC, 19th edition,1995. American Water Works Association, 90, 151.
- Williams, D.T., G.L. LeBel, F.M., Benoit, 1997, Disinfection by-products in Canadian drinking water, Chemosphere, 34, 2, 299-316.
Ayrıntılar
| Diğer ID | JA48AS44AB |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Aralık 2005 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2005 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 4 |