Öz
The natural rocks used today as well as in the history for a variety of purposes were a subject of different alteration, weathering and deterioration conditions. These conditions are strictly controlled by environment and nature of rock varieties (marble and stone). This study is a first approach to understand the relation between some geological features and behavior against salt (Na2SO4) decay of Moroccan marbles and stones. For this purpose, widely used four dolomitic limestones, two crystalline limestones, one limestone and one basalt sample (total 8) were chosen from Morocco. Extra attention paid to choose locations being a representative of all Moroccan country. The carbonate samples (limestone and dolomite) consist of mainly dolomite and calcite with micritic and sparitic cement. The sole, non-carbonaceous sample is basalt of Khenifra containing mainly plagioclase and pyroxene. In general, both bulk-dry and powder density values of the studied rock samples are homogeneous. The limestone of Bir Jdid has the highest (10.81 %) effective porosity and dry weight loss value (4.61 %). The loss on ignition value of the Khenifra basalt has the lowest value with 1.26 %. The loss on ignition values are also relatively uniform. The obtained data indicate that outdoor uses (especially in coastal areas) of limestones of Bir Jdid and dolomitic limestones of Taza are more risky than the others.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Geomechanical and geological features Marbles Stones Dry-weight loss Morocco
Kaynakça
- Blows, J. F., Carey, P.J., Poole, A. B., 2003, “Preliminary Investigations into Caen Stone in The UK; Its Use, Weathering and Comparison with Repair Stone” Building and Environment, Vol. 38, pp.1143 – 1149.
- Crevello, P. D., 1991, “High-frequency Carbonate Cycles and Stacking Patterns: Interplay of Orbital Forcing and Subsidence on Lower Jurassic Rift Platforms, High Atlas, Morocco” In Sedimentary Modeling: Computer Simulations and Methods for Improved Parameter Definition (ed. E. V. Franseen, W. L. Watney, C. G. St C. Kendall & W. Ross). Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin no. 233, pp.207-230.
- Eden, M. A., 1990, The In-Service Performance of Limestone Building Stones and Their Predominant Mechanisms of Decay, Unpublished M.Sc. dissertation, Queen Mary and West-End College, University of London.
- Lal Gauri, K., Bandyopadhyay, J. K., 1999, Carbonate Stone: Chemical Behavior, Durability and Conservation”, New York: Wiley.
- Ledo, J., Jones, A. G., Siniscalchi, A., Campanya, J., Kıyan, D., Romano, G., Rouai, M., 2011, “Electrical Signature of Modern and Ancient Tectonic Processes in The Crust of The Atlas Mountains of Morocco”, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 185, 3–4, pp.82-88.
- Papida, S., Murphy, W., May, E., 2000, “Enhancement of Physical Weathering of Building Stones by Microbial Populations”, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, Vol. 46, 4, pp.305-317.
- Schaffer, R.J., 1932, “The Weathering of Natural Building Stones” DSIR, Building Research Special Report, 18, Stationary Office, London. 34 p.
- Stets, J., Wurster, P., 1982, “Atlas and Atlantic—Structural Relations” in, Geology of the Northwest Africa Continental Margin, von Rad, U., Hinz, K, Samtheir, M., and Seibold, E., eds.: Springer-Verlag, New York, pp.69-85.
- Winkler, E. M., 1966, “Important Agents of Weathering for Building and Monumental Stone” Engineering Geology, Vol .1, pp. 381-400.
- Yu, S., Oguchi, C. T., 2010, “Role of Pore Size Distribution in Salt Uptake, Damage, and Predicting Salt Susceptibility of Eight Types of Japanese Building Stones”, Engineering Geology, Vol. 115, pp. 226–236.
- Zedef, V., Koçak, K., Döyen, A., Özşen, H., Kekeç, B., 2007, “Effect of Salt Crystallization on Stones of Historical Buildings and Monuments, Konya, Central Turkey”, Building and Environment, Vol. 42, pp. 1453–1457.
Öz
Hem geçmiş dönemlerde hem de günümüzde çok çeşitli amaçlar için kullanılan doğal taşlar farklı ayrışma, dağılma ve bozunmaya uğramaktadırlar. Bu şartlar çevre ve kayacın türüne (mermer ve taş) sıkı sıkıya bağlıdır. Bu çalışma Fas mermerleri ve taşlarını tuza (Na2SO4) karşı dayanımlarını ve bazı jeolojik özelliklerini anlamak için yapılan ilk çalışmadır. Bunun için Fas’tan getirilen çok kullanılan 4 dolomit, 2 kristalize kireçtaşı, 1 kireçtaşı ve bir bazalt (toplam 8 adet) örneği seçilmiştir. Örnekler mümkün mertebe Fas’ın değişik yerlerinden seçilmiştir. Karbonat kayaçları (kireçtaşı ve dolomit) temel olarak dolomit ve kalsit minerallerinden müteşekkil olup çimento mikrit ve sparittir. Karbonatsız tek kayaç olan Khenifra bazaltı esasen plajiyoklas ve piroksen içerir. Genel olarak örneklerin kuru ve öğütülmüş ağırlıkları birbirlerine benzer. Bir Jdid kireçtaşları en yüksek etkili porozite (% 10.81) ve kuru ağırlık kaybına (%4.61) sahiptir. En düşük ateş zayiatı Khenifra bazaltlarındadır (%1.26). Ateş zayiatları genel olarak homojendir. Eldeki veriler Bir Jdid kireçtaşları ve Taza dolomitik kireçtaşlarının dışarda (özellikle sahil bölgelerinde) kullanımlarının diğerlerine göre daha riskli olduğuna işaret etmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Jeomekanik ve jeolojik özellikler Mermerler Taşlar Kkuru ağırlık kaybı Fas
Kaynakça
- Blows, J. F., Carey, P.J., Poole, A. B., 2003, “Preliminary Investigations into Caen Stone in The UK; Its Use, Weathering and Comparison with Repair Stone” Building and Environment, Vol. 38, pp.1143 – 1149.
- Crevello, P. D., 1991, “High-frequency Carbonate Cycles and Stacking Patterns: Interplay of Orbital Forcing and Subsidence on Lower Jurassic Rift Platforms, High Atlas, Morocco” In Sedimentary Modeling: Computer Simulations and Methods for Improved Parameter Definition (ed. E. V. Franseen, W. L. Watney, C. G. St C. Kendall & W. Ross). Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin no. 233, pp.207-230.
- Eden, M. A., 1990, The In-Service Performance of Limestone Building Stones and Their Predominant Mechanisms of Decay, Unpublished M.Sc. dissertation, Queen Mary and West-End College, University of London.
- Lal Gauri, K., Bandyopadhyay, J. K., 1999, Carbonate Stone: Chemical Behavior, Durability and Conservation”, New York: Wiley.
- Ledo, J., Jones, A. G., Siniscalchi, A., Campanya, J., Kıyan, D., Romano, G., Rouai, M., 2011, “Electrical Signature of Modern and Ancient Tectonic Processes in The Crust of The Atlas Mountains of Morocco”, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 185, 3–4, pp.82-88.
- Papida, S., Murphy, W., May, E., 2000, “Enhancement of Physical Weathering of Building Stones by Microbial Populations”, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, Vol. 46, 4, pp.305-317.
- Schaffer, R.J., 1932, “The Weathering of Natural Building Stones” DSIR, Building Research Special Report, 18, Stationary Office, London. 34 p.
- Stets, J., Wurster, P., 1982, “Atlas and Atlantic—Structural Relations” in, Geology of the Northwest Africa Continental Margin, von Rad, U., Hinz, K, Samtheir, M., and Seibold, E., eds.: Springer-Verlag, New York, pp.69-85.
- Winkler, E. M., 1966, “Important Agents of Weathering for Building and Monumental Stone” Engineering Geology, Vol .1, pp. 381-400.
- Yu, S., Oguchi, C. T., 2010, “Role of Pore Size Distribution in Salt Uptake, Damage, and Predicting Salt Susceptibility of Eight Types of Japanese Building Stones”, Engineering Geology, Vol. 115, pp. 226–236.
- Zedef, V., Koçak, K., Döyen, A., Özşen, H., Kekeç, B., 2007, “Effect of Salt Crystallization on Stones of Historical Buildings and Monuments, Konya, Central Turkey”, Building and Environment, Vol. 42, pp. 1453–1457.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Eylül 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3 |