Güneş Enerjisi Destekli Hidrojen Üretimi: Teorik Bir Vaka Çalışması

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 4, 536 - 554, 01.12.2017

Ali Ates Sacit Zendehdel Shekardasht Eyüb Canlı

https://doi.org/10.15317/Scitech.2017.110

Öz

Hidrojen önemli bir enerji taşıyıcısıdır ve enerji depolanması için güçlü bir adaydır. Güneş gibi kesikli bir enerji kaynağının depolanması için kullanışlı bir araç olacaktır. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı bir bilgisayar simulasyonu vasıtası ile kırsal kesimler gibi elektrik şebekesinden uzaktaki küçük ölçekli tüketiciler için güneş enerjisinin elektriksel formda elde edildiği ve saha sonra bir elektrolizer ile hidrojen şeklinde depolandığı bir sistemi değerlendirmektir. Hidrojen daha sonra tekrar elektrik üretmek için bir yakıt hücresinde tüketilebilir. Önce güneş enerjisinden fotovoltaik paneller aracılığı ile elde edilen enerji ile bir akü şarj edilmiş ve bu enerji suyun elektrolizi işleminde kullanılmak suretiyle hidrojen elde edilmiştir. İkinci aşamada elde edilen hidrojen bir yakıt hücresinde kullanılarak elektrik enerjisi elde edilmiştir. Oluşturulan matematiksel model, geliştirilen bilgisayar programı vasıtası ile çözümlenerek teorik bir inceleme yapılmıştır. Bu modelde Konya iline ait güneş ışınımının yıllara göre aylık ortalama değerlerine ait veriler kullanılmıştır. Giriş parametreleri olarak elektrolizör sıcaklığı, elektroliz basınç değerleri ve fotovoltaik panellerin verimi kullanılmıştır. Genel sistem verim ve etkenliği, üretilen elektrik ve hidrojen miktarları ise çıkış parametreleri olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, gerek üretilen hidrojen miktarı yönünden, gerekse sistemin etkenliği ve verimi yönünden, giriş parametreleri arasında en etkili bileşenin sıcaklık olduğu görülmüştür. Sistemin fotovoltaik kısmından 400 W ile 1800 W arasından geniş bir yelpazede elektrik enerjisi elde edilebilmektedir. Diğer yandan aylık hidrojen üretimi 120-130 g/ay aralığındadır. Yakıt pilinin güç eğrisi, 0.001 saniye cevap süresi ortaya koymuştur. Önerilen sistem Konya’da ve dünyada benzer iklim özelliklerine sahip başka bölgelerde kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fotovoltaik, Hidrojen yakıt pili, Matematik model, Suyun elektrolizi

SOLAR ENERGY SUPPORTED HYDROGEN PRODUCTION: A THEORETICAL CASE STUDY

Öz

Hydrogen is an important energy vector and a strong candidate for energy storage. It will be a useful tool for storing intermittent energy sources such as sun. The main objective of this work is to assess a system harnessing solar energy in electrical form and store it as hydrogen by means of an electrolyzer for small scale consumers away from the grid such as rural areas by computer simulation. Hydrogen then can be consumed in a fuel cell in order to generate electricity. The electrical energy obtained from solar energy via photovoltaic panels was used in order to charge a battery first and then hydrogen was acquired by using aforementioned energy in the electrolysis of water. In the second stage, electricity is generated in a fuel cell by using the generated hydrogen. A theoretical analysis was done via computer software by solving the constituted mathematical model. Data containing monthly average insolation values of Konya City according to years were used in this model. Electrolyzer temperature and pressure values and efficiencies of the photovoltaic panels were used as the input parameters. General system efficiency and effectiveness, generated electricity and hydrogen amounts were obtained as the output parameters. Among all, temperature was found to be the most effective parameter according to the obtained results considering the generated hydrogen amount, system effectiveness and efficiency. A wide range of electrical power between 400 W and 1800 W can be harnessed from the PV part of the system. Hydrogen production in the other hand can be attained in the range of 120-130 g/month. Power curve of the fuel cell at the start up of the system yields a 0.001 seconds reaction time. The proposed system can be utilized in rural parts of Konya and climatically similar regions in the world.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Electrolysis of water, Hydrogen fuel cell, Mathematical model, Photovoltaic

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