Araştırma Makalesi
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Kaya Yüzey Renklerinde Bozuşma Sonucu Oluşan Değişimin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 1 - 13, 01.03.2018
https://doi.org/10.15317/Scitech.2018.111

Öz

Kayaçları ve onları oluşturan mineralleri tanımlama işleminde, gözlenen kayaç ve mineral yüzey renklerinin farklılığı, onları tanımlama işleminde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Kaya kütleleri bulundukları lokasyonlarda, derinliklerde veya yeryüzünde, farklı etkilerden dolayı zaman içinde alterasyona uğrayarak bozuşurlar. Bu kayaç kütlelerinin sediman haline gelirken geçirdikleri kaçınılmaz kayaç döngüsünün önemli bir parçasıdır. Kayaçlardaki bozuşma çoğu durumda kayaç renginde önemli değişikliklere neden olur. Bu değişim sağlıklı insan gözleri tarafından algılanabilecek seviyede veya daha düşük seviyelerde gerçekleşebilir. İnsanlar çevrelerindeki kayaçları ve mineralleri onların renginden tanımlayabilirler. Manyetit mineralinin siyahlığı, terra-rosa toprağının kırmızı rengi, bozuşmuş bakır cevherinin yeşilliği, tuz mineralinin beyazlığı ve daha birçok mineral ve kayaç rengi bunları tanımlamak için kullanılmaktadır. Kayaç yüzeylerindeki renkler, bunların dağılımı ve renklerin homojenliği, kayaçlarda gerçekleşen bozuşmanın derecelendirilmesinde kullanılan parametrelerdendir. Kayaç yüzey renkleri, bu yüzeylerde bozuşma olup olmadığını anlamada karar verici özellik taşırlar. Kayaçların gün yüzüne çıkmış yüzeyleri ve kayaç içindeki süreksizlik yüzeyleri, bu yüzeyleri etkisi altına alan bozuşma, başkalaşım, faktörleri nedeniyle renk değiştirmeye açıktır. Bu araştırma kapsamında, kayaç yüzeylerindeki bozuşmaya bağlı renk değişimleri sayısallaştırılarak analiz edilmiştir. İncelemeye alınan lokasyonlarda, yeni kırılmış-bozuşmamış kayaç yüzeyleri ve bozuşmaya uğramış kayaç yüzey renkleri Kırmızı (R), Yeşil (G), Mavi (B) renk kodlamasına sahip, RGB renk sistemine göre sayısallaştırılarak ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. Farklı kayaçlardan elde edilen kayaç yüzey renkleri, RGB kodlamaları, bu çalışma kapsamında kendi aralarında değerlendirmeye alınarak, renklerdeki değişimler incelenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Annerel, E., Taerwe, L., 2011, “Methods to Quantify the Colour Development of Concrete Exposed to Fire”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 25(10), pp. 3989-3997.
  • Anon, 1970, “Using a Remotely Controlled Borehole Camera”, Ground Engineering, Vol. 3(5), pp. 20-21.
  • Borrelli, L., Greco, R., Gullà, G., 2007, “Weathering Grade of Rock Masses as A Predisposing Factor to Slope Instabilities: Reconnaissance and Control Procedures”, Geomorphology, Vol. 87, pp.158–175.
  • Clayton, C.R.I., Matthews, M.C., Simons, N.E., 1982, Site Investigation, Second Edition, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Surrey, Halsted Press, p466.
  • Cleland, T.M., 1921, “A Practical Description of the Munsell Colour System, with Suggestions for Its Use”, Munsell Colour Company, Boston, USA.
  • Eggleton, R.A., Foudoulis, C.,, Varkevisser, D., 1987, “Weathering of Basalt: Changes in Rock Chemistry and Mineralogy”, Clays and Clay Minerals, Vol. 35(3), pp. 161-169.
  • Eren, Y., 1993, Eldes-Derbent-Tepekoy-Sogutozu (Konya) Regions’ Geolgy, PhD Thesis, Selcuk University, Department of Geological Engineering, Konya, Turkey.
  • Geological Society of America, 1963, “Rock Colour Chart”, Geological Society of America, www.geosociety.org, Boulder, CO, USA. Geological Society of London, 1977, “The Description of Rock Masses for Engineering Purposes”, Engineering Group Working Party Report, Q. J. Eng. Geology, Vol. 10( 4), pp. 355-388.
  • Gokay, M.K., 2003, “Effects of Natural Weathering of Rock Masses on Their Colour Appearances”, Madencilik Journal, Turkish Chambers of Mining Engineers, Mining Journal, (technical note), Vol.42, 1, pp. 35-42, Ankara, Turkey. (in Turkish).
  • Gokay, M.K., Gundogdu, I.B., 2008, “Colour Identification of Some Turkish Marbles”, Construction and Building Material, Vol. 22(7), July 2008, pp. 1342-1349.
  • Grossi, D., Del Lama, E.A., Garcia-Talegon, J., Inigo, A.C., Vicente-Tavera, S., 2015, “Evaluation of Colourimetric Changes in the Itequera Granite of Ramos De Azevedo Monument, Sao Paulo, Brazil”, International Journal of Conservation Science, Vol. 6 (3), pp. 313-322, ISSN: 2067-533X
  • Heidari, M., Chastre, C., Torabi-Kaveh, M., Ludovico-Marques, M., Mohseni, H., 2017, “Application of Fuzzy Inference System for Determining Weathering Degree of Some Monument Stones in Iran”, Journal of Cultural Heritage, available online 25 January 2017.
  • Hunter, R.S., 1948, “Photoelectric Colour-Difference Meter”, Proceedings of the Winter Meeting of the Optical Society of America, JOSA, Vol. 38, 7, 661.
  • Hunter, Labs., 1996, “Hunter Lab Colour Scale, Insight on Colour”, (August 1–15, 1996), Hunter Associates Laboratories, Reston, VA, USA.
  • Karpuz, C., Pasamehmetoglu, A.G., 1997, “Field Characterisation of Weathered Ankara Andesites”, Engineering Geology, Vol. 46, pp. 1-17.
  • Munsell, A.H., 1905, A Colour Notation, G.H. Ellis Company, Boston, USA.
  • Munsell Colours, 2017, Official Site of Munsell Colour © ”, X-Rite incorporated web-page, www.Munsell.com.
  • Patel, A.K., Chatterjee, S., 2016, “Computer Vision-Based Limestone Rock-Type Classification Using Probabilistic Neural Network”, Geoscience Frontiers, Vol. 7(1), Special Issue: Progress of Machine Learning in Geosciences, January 2016, pp. 53-60.
  • Xlstat, 2017, Data Analysis and Statistical Solution for MS-Excel, Addinsoft, Paris, France.
  • Vazquez, P., Carrizo, L., Thomachot-Schneider, C., Gibeaux, S., Alonso, F.J., 2016, “Influence of Surface Finish and Composition on The Deterioration of Building Stones Exposed to Acid Atmospheres”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 106, pp. 392–403.
  • Wikipedia, 2012, Wikipedia web-page, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Triaxial_Ellipsoid.jpg
  • Yokoyama, T., Nakashima, T.S., 2005, “Colour Development of Iron Oxides During Rhyolite Weathering Over 52,000 Years”, Chemical Geology, Vol. 219, pp. 309–320.

ANALYSES OF ROCK SURFACE COLOUR CHANGES DUE TO WEATHERING

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 1 - 13, 01.03.2018
https://doi.org/10.15317/Scitech.2018.111

Öz

Description parameters of rock masses and minerals include their colours as well. Colours appear in daylight for surfaced rock masses are changing slightly due to weathering layers which have been covering its surface gradually. Healthy human eyes can manage to differentiate visible light spectrum to identify colours of substances including rock masses. Then visible blackish colours of magnetite minerals, reddish colours of Terra- Rosa soils, greenish colours of weathered copper ore, pure white of salt minerals and many others are differentiable by naked eyes. Different colours and homogeneity of colour distribution for natural rocks are also main grading parameters of natural rock surfaces. In addition, colour can also be parameter to identify weathered rock surfaces. Outcrop rock mass surfaces or rock discontinuity surfaces which could be influenced by weathering factors, have their altered surface colours in general that, those colours can be different from the original rock colours. In this study, colour changes were determined in digital manner by obtaining rock surfaces’ Red, Green, Blue digital colour (RGB) values. Digital colour differences have been then analyzed more specifically to evaluate rock weathering and colour changes.

Kaynakça

  • Annerel, E., Taerwe, L., 2011, “Methods to Quantify the Colour Development of Concrete Exposed to Fire”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 25(10), pp. 3989-3997.
  • Anon, 1970, “Using a Remotely Controlled Borehole Camera”, Ground Engineering, Vol. 3(5), pp. 20-21.
  • Borrelli, L., Greco, R., Gullà, G., 2007, “Weathering Grade of Rock Masses as A Predisposing Factor to Slope Instabilities: Reconnaissance and Control Procedures”, Geomorphology, Vol. 87, pp.158–175.
  • Clayton, C.R.I., Matthews, M.C., Simons, N.E., 1982, Site Investigation, Second Edition, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Surrey, Halsted Press, p466.
  • Cleland, T.M., 1921, “A Practical Description of the Munsell Colour System, with Suggestions for Its Use”, Munsell Colour Company, Boston, USA.
  • Eggleton, R.A., Foudoulis, C.,, Varkevisser, D., 1987, “Weathering of Basalt: Changes in Rock Chemistry and Mineralogy”, Clays and Clay Minerals, Vol. 35(3), pp. 161-169.
  • Eren, Y., 1993, Eldes-Derbent-Tepekoy-Sogutozu (Konya) Regions’ Geolgy, PhD Thesis, Selcuk University, Department of Geological Engineering, Konya, Turkey.
  • Geological Society of America, 1963, “Rock Colour Chart”, Geological Society of America, www.geosociety.org, Boulder, CO, USA. Geological Society of London, 1977, “The Description of Rock Masses for Engineering Purposes”, Engineering Group Working Party Report, Q. J. Eng. Geology, Vol. 10( 4), pp. 355-388.
  • Gokay, M.K., 2003, “Effects of Natural Weathering of Rock Masses on Their Colour Appearances”, Madencilik Journal, Turkish Chambers of Mining Engineers, Mining Journal, (technical note), Vol.42, 1, pp. 35-42, Ankara, Turkey. (in Turkish).
  • Gokay, M.K., Gundogdu, I.B., 2008, “Colour Identification of Some Turkish Marbles”, Construction and Building Material, Vol. 22(7), July 2008, pp. 1342-1349.
  • Grossi, D., Del Lama, E.A., Garcia-Talegon, J., Inigo, A.C., Vicente-Tavera, S., 2015, “Evaluation of Colourimetric Changes in the Itequera Granite of Ramos De Azevedo Monument, Sao Paulo, Brazil”, International Journal of Conservation Science, Vol. 6 (3), pp. 313-322, ISSN: 2067-533X
  • Heidari, M., Chastre, C., Torabi-Kaveh, M., Ludovico-Marques, M., Mohseni, H., 2017, “Application of Fuzzy Inference System for Determining Weathering Degree of Some Monument Stones in Iran”, Journal of Cultural Heritage, available online 25 January 2017.
  • Hunter, R.S., 1948, “Photoelectric Colour-Difference Meter”, Proceedings of the Winter Meeting of the Optical Society of America, JOSA, Vol. 38, 7, 661.
  • Hunter, Labs., 1996, “Hunter Lab Colour Scale, Insight on Colour”, (August 1–15, 1996), Hunter Associates Laboratories, Reston, VA, USA.
  • Karpuz, C., Pasamehmetoglu, A.G., 1997, “Field Characterisation of Weathered Ankara Andesites”, Engineering Geology, Vol. 46, pp. 1-17.
  • Munsell, A.H., 1905, A Colour Notation, G.H. Ellis Company, Boston, USA.
  • Munsell Colours, 2017, Official Site of Munsell Colour © ”, X-Rite incorporated web-page, www.Munsell.com.
  • Patel, A.K., Chatterjee, S., 2016, “Computer Vision-Based Limestone Rock-Type Classification Using Probabilistic Neural Network”, Geoscience Frontiers, Vol. 7(1), Special Issue: Progress of Machine Learning in Geosciences, January 2016, pp. 53-60.
  • Xlstat, 2017, Data Analysis and Statistical Solution for MS-Excel, Addinsoft, Paris, France.
  • Vazquez, P., Carrizo, L., Thomachot-Schneider, C., Gibeaux, S., Alonso, F.J., 2016, “Influence of Surface Finish and Composition on The Deterioration of Building Stones Exposed to Acid Atmospheres”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 106, pp. 392–403.
  • Wikipedia, 2012, Wikipedia web-page, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Triaxial_Ellipsoid.jpg
  • Yokoyama, T., Nakashima, T.S., 2005, “Colour Development of Iron Oxides During Rhyolite Weathering Over 52,000 Years”, Chemical Geology, Vol. 219, pp. 309–320.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Kemal Gokay

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gokay, M. K. (2018). ANALYSES OF ROCK SURFACE COLOUR CHANGES DUE TO WEATHERING. Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik, Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 6(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.15317/Scitech.2018.111
AMA Gokay MK. ANALYSES OF ROCK SURFACE COLOUR CHANGES DUE TO WEATHERING. sujest. Mart 2018;6(1):1-13. doi:10.15317/Scitech.2018.111
Chicago Gokay, Mehmet Kemal. “ANALYSES OF ROCK SURFACE COLOUR CHANGES DUE TO WEATHERING”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik, Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 6, sy. 1 (Mart 2018): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.15317/Scitech.2018.111.
EndNote Gokay MK (01 Mart 2018) ANALYSES OF ROCK SURFACE COLOUR CHANGES DUE TO WEATHERING. Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik, Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 6 1 1–13.
IEEE M. K. Gokay, “ANALYSES OF ROCK SURFACE COLOUR CHANGES DUE TO WEATHERING”, sujest, c. 6, sy. 1, ss. 1–13, 2018, doi: 10.15317/Scitech.2018.111.
ISNAD Gokay, Mehmet Kemal. “ANALYSES OF ROCK SURFACE COLOUR CHANGES DUE TO WEATHERING”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik, Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 6/1 (Mart 2018), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.15317/Scitech.2018.111.
JAMA Gokay MK. ANALYSES OF ROCK SURFACE COLOUR CHANGES DUE TO WEATHERING. sujest. 2018;6:1–13.
MLA Gokay, Mehmet Kemal. “ANALYSES OF ROCK SURFACE COLOUR CHANGES DUE TO WEATHERING”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik, Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 1, 2018, ss. 1-13, doi:10.15317/Scitech.2018.111.
Vancouver Gokay MK. ANALYSES OF ROCK SURFACE COLOUR CHANGES DUE TO WEATHERING. sujest. 2018;6(1):1-13.

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