Okul Öncesi Eğitim Öğretmenlerinin Empatik Eğilimlerinin Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi

Bu araştırmada okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin empatik eğilimlerinde; mesleki kıdem, yaş, mezun olduklarıeğitim düzeyi, öğrenci sayıları, medeni durumları, çalıştıklarıkurumları Anaokulu/Ana sınıfı/Kreş , sahip olduklarıçocuk sayıları, mesleği isteyerek seçip seçmemeleri, mesleklerini sevip sevmemeleri, tam günlük/yarım günlük çalışma biçimi değişkenleri yönünden anlamlıbir farklılaşmanın olup olmadığıincelenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma evreni; 2006-2007 öğretim yılında Konya İl Millî Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlıokul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında çalışan öğretmenler ile SHÇEK’e bağlıKreşve Gündüz Bakım Evlerinde görev yapan tüm öğretmenlerdir. Örneklemi ise; Konya İlinde, Millî Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı175 okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında görev yapan 342 öğretmen ile Sosyal Hizmetler ve Çocuk Esirgeme Kurumlarına bağlı34 Kreşve Gündüz Bakım Evlerinde görev yapan 79 öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada toplam 382 öğretmen örnekleme dâhil edilmiştir. Toplanan 382 anketten, Millî Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlıokullardan gelen 9, SHÇEK’ den gelen 2, olmak üzere toplam 11 adet anket eksik ya da birden fazla işaretleme yapılarak doldurulmasınedeni ile elenmişve bu nedenle çalışma 371 form ile değerlendirilmiştir. Tarama modelinde olan bu araştırmada, bağımlıve bağımsız değişkenler arasında ilişkisel tarama yapılmıştır. Araştırmada okul öncesi öğretmenlerin kişisel bilgilerini içeren “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ile empatik eğilimlerini ölçmek için Prof. Dr. Üstün DÖKMEN tarafından geliştirilen “Empatik Eğilim Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen empatik eğilim puanlarında iki değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmek için t testi, ikiden fazla değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmek için de F sınamasıkullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde manidarlık seviyesi 0.05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, öğretmenlerin empatik eğilim düzeylerinin; mesleki kıdem, yaş, eğitim düzeyleri, öğrenci sayıları, medeni durumları, çalıştıklarıkurumları, sahip olduklarıçocuk sayıları, çalışma biçimlerine göre anlamlıbir farklılık göstermediği, buna karşın mesleği isteyerek seçenlerin mesleği istemeyerek seçenlere, mesleği sevenlerin mesleği sevmeyenlere göre empatik eğilim puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

In this study it is researched that whether there is a significant differentiation for the teachers’ emphatic tendencies who work at preschool education institutions in terms of their length of services, ages, educational levels, students’ numbers, marital statuses, institutions they work for Nursery/Kindergarten/ Day Nursery , kids they have, whether they choose their professions willingly or not, whether they like their professions or not, and their works hours halftime-fulltime . The dependent variable of the research is “the emphatic tendencies of the teachers who work for preschool institutions”. The independent variables of the research are their length of services, ages, educational levels, students’ numbers, marital statuses, institutions they work for Nursery/Kindergarten/ Day Nursery , kids they have, whether they choose their professions willingly or not, whether they like their professions or not, and their works hours halftime-fulltime . Target population has been used in this research. The target population is a accessible population. The target population of this study is the teachers who work for the official and private preschool institutions that are dependent on Province National Education Directorate of Konya in 2006-2007 School Year and nurseries and day nurseries that are dependent on Turkish Social Service and Children Protection Institution . It was aimed to reach all 773 teachers who work for the preschool institutions that are dependent on Province National Education Directorate of Konya and therefore an application for the required permit was demanded from the Ministry of national Education. But the required permit could not be taken for all target population. The ministry said that the number of the preschool institutions had to be limited 70 institutions. For this reason, sampling from target population was used. While determining the sample of this study, in order to reach more preschool teachers, 70 preschool education institutions where there are more teachers than the others and 197 preschool teachers who work at these institutions were taken into the sample. Besides the institutions from where it was allowed to take samples, the Emphatic Tendency Scale and Personal Information Forms were applied to the 145 preschool education teachers, who work at 105 schools located in Konya and the districts, by the researcher himself and M.D students from Child development and Education of Social Sciences Institute of Konya University. In order to realize the study at the nurseries and the day nurseries dependent on Turkish Social Service and Children Protection Institution, it was applied to the Turkish Social Service and Children Protection Institution of Konya, for all target population the required permit was taken verbally. The sample of this research was consisted of 342 teachers who work for 175 preschool education institution dependent on National Education Directorate of Konya and 79 teachers who work for 34 nurseries and day nurseries dependent on Turkish Social Service and Children Protection Institution of Konya. All teachers who were included by the sample and work for preschool education institutions dependent on The Ministry of National Education were reached. But the scales of 39 teachers from the nurseries and day nurseries dependent on Turkish Social Service and Children Protection Institution of Konya could not taken back. Hence, 382 teachers were included by the sample. Since 11 questionnaires -9 from the schools dependent on The Ministry of Education and 2 from Turkish Social Service and Children Protection Institution of Konya- were eliminated from the collected 382 scales because of wrongly filling or choosing more than one alternatives, the study was evaluated with 371 forms. In the research, “Personal Information Form” that includes preschool teachers’ personal information and “Emphatic Tendency Scale” that was developed by Prof. Dr. Üstün Dökmen were used. The form prepared by the researcher includes the questions as their length of services, ages, educational levels, students’ numbers, marital statuses, institutions they work for Nursery/Kindergarten/ Day Nursery , kids they have, whether they choose their professions willingly or not, whether they like their professions or not, and their works hours halftime-fulltime . The goal of “ The Emphatic Tendency Scale” that was developed by Prof. Dr. Üstün Dökmen 1988 is to measure the potential of the individuals in the daily life. Dökmen 1988 was developed the Emphatic Tendency Scale from the theoretical core of his own Progressive Empathy Sequencing Model. As it was prepared like a Likert type scale, nearly half of the emphatic tendency scale’s items that are consisted of 20 items were written negative in order to balance the tendency for saying yes. There are grades from 1 to 5 that are in face of every item existing in the Emphatic Tendency Scale. Marking any of numbers from 1 to 5 existing in the face of every item, individuals declare that how much they are agree with the idea in that item. Before evaluating the data obtained from the Emphatic Tendency Scale and the Personal Information Form at the first stage of the research, it was determined that if there were any unanswered questions and any item which was marked more than one check, and then the deficient items and the items with more than one checks were out of evaluation. At the second stage, the teachers’ length of services, ages, educational levels, students’ numbers, marital statuses, institutions they work for Nursery/Kindergarten/ Day Nursery , kids they have, whether they choose their professions willingly or not, whether they like their professions or not, and their works hours halftime-fulltime were grouped and numbered in their personal information forms, and then in order to evaluate these information, they were transferred into computer. As for the third stage, the answers given for the question items consisted of “ Completely antithetic”, “ Quite antithetic”, “I am ambivalent”, “Quite suitable”, “Completely suitable” existing in the Emphatic Tendency Scale were divided as positive and negative and then, the collected scores were transferred into the computer. The statistical analysis of the data was handled in a way that the effect of independent variables upon the dependent variables should be exhibited. The score distributions obtained from the scales were transferred into the computer by coding according to the independent variables. In order to test whether the marital statuses, whether they choose their professions willingly or not, whether they like their professions or not, and their works hours halftime-fulltime of the teachers, who work for preschool education institutions, affect their emphatic tendencies or not and to check the significance control of difference between score mean, “t test” was done. Whether the teachers’ length of services, ages, educational levels, students’ numbers, and children they became different or not according to their variables, “F trial” was used. The significance level in analyzed the data was determined as 0.05. Any significance level was not found on their emphatic tendency levels according to the variables as the preschool teachers’ length of services 1-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-15 years, 16-20 years, 21 years and over , ages 18- 23 years old, 24-29 years old, 30-35 years old, 36-41 years old, 42 years old and over , educational levels high school ,associate diploma, bachelor’s degree, and Master degree , students’ numbers 1-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25, 26 and over , marital statuses married or single , , institutions they work for Nursery/Kindergarten/ Day Nursery , kids they have childless, 1-2 children, 3 or more than 3 , and their works hours halftime-fulltime . At the end of the research an significant difference was found on their emphatic tendency levels according to the variable as whether they choose their professions willingly or not. According to this result, it was determined that the emphatic tendency