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TEACHING HOW TO RIDE A BALANCE WHEELED BICYCLE TO AUTISTIC CHILDREN USING THE DIRECT INSTRUCTION METHOD

Yıl 2007, Sayı: 18, 245 - 256, 01.08.2007

Öz

The aim of this research was to examining the effectiveness of using direct instruction method for teaching of balance wheeled bicycle riding ability to the autistic children. In order to research this aim a teaching method composing of activities increasing attention control and psycho-motor abilities was used. Participants were 3 male autistic children. In this research, direct instruction method was used in order to teach the ability of riding balance wheeled bicycle. The autistic children were trained individually in an organized and controlled environment. At the end of the study, the data such as generalization, observation, application and reliability of observers were gathered. According to the results of the study, all the 3 autistic children developed the ability of riding a balance wheeled bicycle

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous (2000). Education Program for autistic children. National Education Press, 144 s., Ankara.
  • Anonymous (2003). Autism. Publication of Otistik Çocukları Koruma ve Yönlendirme Derneği, 63 s., İzmir.
  • Attwood, T. (1998). Asperger’s syndrome: a guide for parents and professionals. Jessica Kingsley Publishers Ltd., 223 s., London and Philadelphia.
  • Ayres, A. J. & Mailoux, Z. K. (1983). Possible pupertal effect on therapeutic gains in an autistic girl. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 37 (8); 535-540.
  • Bahr, D. 2001. Oral motor assessment and treatment: ages and stages. Allyn & Bacon, 274 s., Boston.
  • Berninger, V. W.& Rutberg, J. (1992). Relationship of finger function to beginning writing: application to diagnosis of writing disabilities. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 34(3); 198-215.
  • Beversdorf, D. O., Anderson, M., Manning, S. E., Anderson, S. L., Nordgren, R. E., Felopulus, G. J. and Bauman, M. L. (2001). Brief report: macrographia in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1); 97-101.
  • Connor, F. (1990). Combating stimulus over selectivity: physical education for children with autism. Teaching Exceptional Children, 23(1); 30-33.
  • Cornish, K. M. & McManus, I. C. (1996). Hand prefence and hand skill in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26(6); 597- 609.
  • Darıca, N., Gümüşçü, Ş. & Pişkin, Ü. (2000). Autism and autistic children. Özgür Publications, 129 s., İstanbul.
  • Egel, A. 1989. Finding the right educational program. Children with autism: a parents guide, Editor: M. D. Powers, Woodbine House, s. 169-202, Bethesda, MD.
  • Eichstaedt, C. B. & Lavay, B. W. (1992). Physical activity for individuals with mental retardation, Human Kinetics Books, 463 s., Illinois.
  • Fazlıoğlu, Y. (2004), ‘Duyusal Entegrasyon Yetersizliği’ Çoluk Çocuk 39 s. 12- 14.
  • Fisher, A. G. (1991). Vestibular-proprioceptive processing and bilateral integration and sequencing deficits. Sensory integration: theory and practice, Editors: A. G. Fisher, E. A. Murray and A. C. Bundy, F. A. Davis Company, s. 95-153, Philadelphia.
  • Grandin, T. (1996). Brief report: response to national institues of health report. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26(2); 185-187.
  • Grandin, T. (1998). Teaching tips from a recovered autistic. Focus on Autistic Behavior, 3(1); 1-8.
  • Gümüşcü, Ş. & Pişkin, Ü. (1994). Otistik bir çocuğun ve ailesinin kısa süreli eğitim programlarından sağladıkları yarar: bir vaka sunumu, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 9(34): 30-34.
  • Halker, A. (2001). Otizm umudumuz: davranışçı tedavi. Halker and Associates, 77 s., Bethesda, MD.
  • Hughes, C. (1996). Brief report: planning problems in autism at level motor control. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26(1); 99-107. . Kern, L., Koegel, R.L., Dyer, K., Blew, P.A.
  • Kern,L.& Fenton, L.R. (1982). The effect of physical exercise on self- stimulation and appropriate responding in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 12, 399-419.
  • Kern, L., Koegel, R.L., & Dunlap, G. (1984).The influence of vigorous versus mild exercise on autistic stereotyped behaviors. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 14, 57-67.
  • Kırcaali-İftar, G. & Tekin, E. (1997). Tek denekli araştırma yöntemleri. Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları: 144 s., Ankara.
  • Kırcaali-İftar, G. (2003). Otistik Özellik Gösteren Çocuklara İletişim Becerilerinin Kazandırılması. Yapa yayınları. Turan ofset .s:7.
  • Kimberly, D. (1990). Adapted Physical Education for Student with Autism. Charles C Tomas Publisher. Springfield . Illinois .U.S.A. p;3-29.
  • Korkmaz, B. (2000). Mental rötarde otistiklerde yürümenin gelişiminde gecikmenin klinik prognozla ilişkisi. Cerrahpaşa Journal of Medicine, 31(2); 66-73.
  • Kranowitz, C. S. (1998). The out-of-sync child: recognizing and coping with sensory integration dysfunction, Skylight Press, 322 s., New York.
  • Leary, M. & Hill, D. (1996). Moving on: autism and movement disturbance. Mental Retardation, 34(1); 39-53.
  • O’Neill, M. & Jones, R. P. (1997). Sensory-perceptual abnormalities in autism: a case for more research ? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27(3); 283-293.
  • O’Roidon, M. (2000). Superior modulation of activation levels of stimulus representation does not underline superior discrimination autism. Cognition, 77(2); 81-96.
  • Özlü-Fazlıoğlu, Y. & Baran, G. (2004), Duyusal Entegrasyon programının Otizmli Çocukların Duyusal ve Davranış Problemleri Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ev Ekonomisi Yüksek Okulu, Bilimsel Araştırmalar ve İncelemeler, Yayın No: 7, Ankara .
  • Rinehart, N. J., Bradshaw, J. L., Brereton, A. V. & Tonge, D. J. (2001). Movement preparation in high-functioning autism and Asperger disorder: a serial choice reaction time task involving motor reprogramming. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1); 79-88.
  • Ryoichiro, I., Chisato, K. & Reiko, T.( 2000). Brief report: comparison of sensory-motor and cognitive function between autism and asperger syndrome in preschool children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(2); 169- 175.
  • Snell, M.E.(Ed.).(1993). Instruction of Students with Severe Disabilities. 4. basım. New Jersey; Prentice-Hall,Inc.A.Simon Schuster Company.
  • Schopler, E., Mesibov, G.B., & Hearsey, K. (1995). Structured Teaching in the TEACCH System. Learning and Cognition in Autism. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Watters, R.G., & Watters, W.E. (1980). Decreasing self-stimulatory behavior with physical exercise in a group of autistic boys. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 10, 379-387.
  • Yilmaz, I., Yanarda, M, Birkan, B. & Bumin, G. (2004). Effects of swimming training on physical fitness and water orientation in autism. Pediatrics International, 46, 624-626.
Yıl 2007, Sayı: 18, 245 - 256, 01.08.2007

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı; otistik çocuklarda doğrudan öğretim yönteminin denge tekerlekli bisiklet kullanma becerisinin kazandırılmasına etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu genel amaca ulaşmak üzere çocuklara psiko-motor ince- kaba devinsel beceriler ve dikkat kontrolünü artırıcıbir öğretim sunulmuştur. Çalışmaya 3-6 yaşarasıdenge tekerlekli bisiklet kullanma becerisinden yoksun 3 otistik çocuk alınmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemine alınan çocukların 3’ü de erkektir. Araştırma tek denekli araştırma yöntemlerinden denekler arasıyoklama evreli çoklu yoklama modeline göre yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada çocuklara denge tekerlekli bisiklet kullanma becerisi öğretimi için doğrudan öğretim yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmalar bire bir yapılandırılmışortamlarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çocuklar bu beceriyi öğrendiklerinde; dikkat gelişimi, beden denge kontrolü ve kas gelişimlerine katkısağlayacağıdüşünülmektedir. Araştırmanın sonucunda genelleme, izleme, uygulama ve gözlemciler arasıgüvenirlik verileri toplanmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan çocukların hepsi denge tekerlekli bisiklet kullanma becerisini kazanmışlardır.

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous (2000). Education Program for autistic children. National Education Press, 144 s., Ankara.
  • Anonymous (2003). Autism. Publication of Otistik Çocukları Koruma ve Yönlendirme Derneği, 63 s., İzmir.
  • Attwood, T. (1998). Asperger’s syndrome: a guide for parents and professionals. Jessica Kingsley Publishers Ltd., 223 s., London and Philadelphia.
  • Ayres, A. J. & Mailoux, Z. K. (1983). Possible pupertal effect on therapeutic gains in an autistic girl. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 37 (8); 535-540.
  • Bahr, D. 2001. Oral motor assessment and treatment: ages and stages. Allyn & Bacon, 274 s., Boston.
  • Berninger, V. W.& Rutberg, J. (1992). Relationship of finger function to beginning writing: application to diagnosis of writing disabilities. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 34(3); 198-215.
  • Beversdorf, D. O., Anderson, M., Manning, S. E., Anderson, S. L., Nordgren, R. E., Felopulus, G. J. and Bauman, M. L. (2001). Brief report: macrographia in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1); 97-101.
  • Connor, F. (1990). Combating stimulus over selectivity: physical education for children with autism. Teaching Exceptional Children, 23(1); 30-33.
  • Cornish, K. M. & McManus, I. C. (1996). Hand prefence and hand skill in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26(6); 597- 609.
  • Darıca, N., Gümüşçü, Ş. & Pişkin, Ü. (2000). Autism and autistic children. Özgür Publications, 129 s., İstanbul.
  • Egel, A. 1989. Finding the right educational program. Children with autism: a parents guide, Editor: M. D. Powers, Woodbine House, s. 169-202, Bethesda, MD.
  • Eichstaedt, C. B. & Lavay, B. W. (1992). Physical activity for individuals with mental retardation, Human Kinetics Books, 463 s., Illinois.
  • Fazlıoğlu, Y. (2004), ‘Duyusal Entegrasyon Yetersizliği’ Çoluk Çocuk 39 s. 12- 14.
  • Fisher, A. G. (1991). Vestibular-proprioceptive processing and bilateral integration and sequencing deficits. Sensory integration: theory and practice, Editors: A. G. Fisher, E. A. Murray and A. C. Bundy, F. A. Davis Company, s. 95-153, Philadelphia.
  • Grandin, T. (1996). Brief report: response to national institues of health report. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26(2); 185-187.
  • Grandin, T. (1998). Teaching tips from a recovered autistic. Focus on Autistic Behavior, 3(1); 1-8.
  • Gümüşcü, Ş. & Pişkin, Ü. (1994). Otistik bir çocuğun ve ailesinin kısa süreli eğitim programlarından sağladıkları yarar: bir vaka sunumu, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 9(34): 30-34.
  • Halker, A. (2001). Otizm umudumuz: davranışçı tedavi. Halker and Associates, 77 s., Bethesda, MD.
  • Hughes, C. (1996). Brief report: planning problems in autism at level motor control. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26(1); 99-107. . Kern, L., Koegel, R.L., Dyer, K., Blew, P.A.
  • Kern,L.& Fenton, L.R. (1982). The effect of physical exercise on self- stimulation and appropriate responding in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 12, 399-419.
  • Kern, L., Koegel, R.L., & Dunlap, G. (1984).The influence of vigorous versus mild exercise on autistic stereotyped behaviors. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 14, 57-67.
  • Kırcaali-İftar, G. & Tekin, E. (1997). Tek denekli araştırma yöntemleri. Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları: 144 s., Ankara.
  • Kırcaali-İftar, G. (2003). Otistik Özellik Gösteren Çocuklara İletişim Becerilerinin Kazandırılması. Yapa yayınları. Turan ofset .s:7.
  • Kimberly, D. (1990). Adapted Physical Education for Student with Autism. Charles C Tomas Publisher. Springfield . Illinois .U.S.A. p;3-29.
  • Korkmaz, B. (2000). Mental rötarde otistiklerde yürümenin gelişiminde gecikmenin klinik prognozla ilişkisi. Cerrahpaşa Journal of Medicine, 31(2); 66-73.
  • Kranowitz, C. S. (1998). The out-of-sync child: recognizing and coping with sensory integration dysfunction, Skylight Press, 322 s., New York.
  • Leary, M. & Hill, D. (1996). Moving on: autism and movement disturbance. Mental Retardation, 34(1); 39-53.
  • O’Neill, M. & Jones, R. P. (1997). Sensory-perceptual abnormalities in autism: a case for more research ? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27(3); 283-293.
  • O’Roidon, M. (2000). Superior modulation of activation levels of stimulus representation does not underline superior discrimination autism. Cognition, 77(2); 81-96.
  • Özlü-Fazlıoğlu, Y. & Baran, G. (2004), Duyusal Entegrasyon programının Otizmli Çocukların Duyusal ve Davranış Problemleri Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ev Ekonomisi Yüksek Okulu, Bilimsel Araştırmalar ve İncelemeler, Yayın No: 7, Ankara .
  • Rinehart, N. J., Bradshaw, J. L., Brereton, A. V. & Tonge, D. J. (2001). Movement preparation in high-functioning autism and Asperger disorder: a serial choice reaction time task involving motor reprogramming. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1); 79-88.
  • Ryoichiro, I., Chisato, K. & Reiko, T.( 2000). Brief report: comparison of sensory-motor and cognitive function between autism and asperger syndrome in preschool children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(2); 169- 175.
  • Snell, M.E.(Ed.).(1993). Instruction of Students with Severe Disabilities. 4. basım. New Jersey; Prentice-Hall,Inc.A.Simon Schuster Company.
  • Schopler, E., Mesibov, G.B., & Hearsey, K. (1995). Structured Teaching in the TEACCH System. Learning and Cognition in Autism. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Watters, R.G., & Watters, W.E. (1980). Decreasing self-stimulatory behavior with physical exercise in a group of autistic boys. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 10, 379-387.
  • Yilmaz, I., Yanarda, M, Birkan, B. & Bumin, G. (2004). Effects of swimming training on physical fitness and water orientation in autism. Pediatrics International, 46, 624-626.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

S. Sunay Yıldırım Doğru Bu kişi benim

Özgül Bike Yücalan Önal Bu kişi benim

Hafizullah Bek Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2007
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2007 Sayı: 18

Kaynak Göster

APA Doğru, S. S. Y., Önal, Ö. B. Y., & Bek, H. (2007). TEACHING HOW TO RIDE A BALANCE WHEELED BICYCLE TO AUTISTIC CHILDREN USING THE DIRECT INSTRUCTION METHOD. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(18), 245-256.


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