Sağlık Çalışanlarının Yönetici Cinsiyetleri Bakımından Mobbing Algıları

Yıl 2012, Sayı: 28, 19 - 29, 01.08.2012

Hasan Tutar Mahmut Akbolat

Öz

Araştırmanın amacıçalışanların mobbing algılarının kurum yöneticilerinin cinsiyetlerine göre değişip değişmediğini ve çalışanların sosyo-demografik özelliklerinin mobbing algısında anlamlıfarklılık oluşturup oluşturmadığınıbelirlemektir. Çalışmada veri toplama aracıolarak anket yöntemi kullanıldı. Araştırma 2011 Haziran ayında gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmaya 185 sağlık çalışanıkatıldı. Anketten elde edilen verilerin geçerliliğini test etmek amacıile Cronbach Alpha katsayısından yararlanıldı. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcıistatistiksel yöntemler, bağımsız örneklerde t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, Kruskal-Wallis H testi, MannWhitney U testi ve korelasyon analizi kullanıldı. Sonuçlar %95’lik güven aralığında, p

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mobbing, sağlık çalışanları, kadın yönetici, erkek yönetici

Perceptions of Mobbing of Health Employees in Terms of Genders of Managers

Öz

The concept of mobbing is used to define organizational psychological violence or bullying. The concept for the first time was used in the sense of applications of employees to each other, uncomfortable, restless, and harassment and ill-treatment, by psychologist Heinz Leymann 1995 . The concept of mobbing is meaning that are any kind of behaviors such as ill-treatment, threats, violence, humiliation that have been implemented systematically by employees, superiors, subordinates or equal positions Davenport et al., 2003:4, Einarsen, 2000; 386 . There isn't clarity about mobbing for Turkish, and mobbing is defined using different concepts such as "emotional abuse", "psychological terror" psychological violence". Mobbing is expressed some concepts in literature that consist of harassment, emotional abuse, mistreatment and victimization. If the psychological violence was implemented systematically and often and the victim is exposed of abuse and discrimination for a long time, these behaviors would be considered as mobbing. In addition, aggressive behaviors should be deliberately, and should be orientated to distress physically or psychologically for the victim Leymann, 1996; 168 . According to this result, mobbing has two main features that consist of aggressive and repeated behaviors Einarsen, 1999; 18 . The purposes of this study are to investigate perception of mobbing in organizations that have managed by women and men according to the gender of managers, and to reveal whether or not differences according to socio-demographic characteristics of employees. A questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection in the study that consisted of two parts. The first part of questionnaire was scale of psychological violence that had 9 dimensions and developed by Fox and Stallworth 2005 . The second part of the questionnaire consisted of socio-demographical characteristics of participants. The study was conducted in June 2011 in Sakarya. 300 questionnaires were distributed to health institutions not selecting a sample, but 185 health employees participated in the study. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to reliability of data that obtained from the survey. Coefficients of general internal consistency of the scale was used in this study was on the acceptable limits 0.957 . Homogeneity test was applied to data that was obtained from the survey before application of other statistical tests. Independent Samples T Test and One-Way ANOVA were applied to data that were homogenous, and Kruskal-Wallis H Test and Mann-Whitney U Test were applied to data that were nonuniform. Also descriptive statistical methods and correlation analysis were used to analyze of data. Results were assessed in 95% confidence interval and p

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mobbing, Health Employees, Female Manager, Male Manager The type of research: Research

Kaynakça

• Acar, A.B. ve Dündar, G. (2008). “İşyerinde Psikolojik Yıldırmaya (Mobbing) Maruz Kalma Sıklığı ile Demografik Özellikler Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2): 111-120.
• Baltaş, Acar. İnsana ve İşe Değer Katan Yeni İK, İstanbul, Remzi Kitabevi, 2009.
• Bayrak Kök, S. (2006), “İş Yaşamında Psiko-Şiddet Sarmalı Olarak Yıldırma Olgusu ve Nedenleri”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16: 433-448
• Clarke Jane. Maymuncuk-İşyerinde İletişim ve Politika, (Çev. Z. Dicleli), İstanbul, MESS Yayınları, 2002.
• Çarıkçı, İ.H. ve Yavuz, H. (2009). “Çalışanlarda Mobbing (Psikolojik Şiddet) Algısı: Sağlık Sektörü Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(10):47-62
• Çivilidağ, A. ve Sargın, N. (2011). “Farklı Ortaöğretim Kurumlarında Çalışan Öğretmenlerde Psikolojik Taciz (Mobbing): Antalya İli Örneği”, Uluslararası Avrasya Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3):11-22.
• Davenport, Noa, Schwartz Ruth Distler ve Elliott, Gail Pursell. Mobbing: İşyerinde Duygusal Taciz, (Çev. O.C. Önertoy), İstanbul, Sistem Yayıncılık, 2003.
• Einarsen, S. (2000). “Harassment and Bullying at Work: a Review of The Scandinavian Approach”, Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5(4): 379-401.
• Greenberg, Jerald, Baron ve Robert A. Behavior in organizations, 4th ed., Boston, Allyn & Bacon. (A Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc.), 1993.
• Günel, Ö.D. (2010). “İşletmelerde Yıldırma Olgusu ve Yıldırma Mağdurlarının Kişilik Özelliklerine İlişkin Bir Araştırma”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(3): 37-65.
• Karcıoğlu, F. ve Akbaş, S. (2010). “İşyerinde Psikolojik Şiddet ve İş Tatmini İlişkisi”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24(3): 139-161
• Kingma M. (2011). “Workplace Violence in the Health Sector: A Problem of Epidemic Proportion”, International Nursing Review, 48(3): 129-130.
• Lewis, D. (2003). “Voices in The Social Construction Of Bullying at Work: Exploring Multiple Realities in Further and Higher Education”, International Journal Management and Decision Making, 4(1): 65-81.
• Leymann, H. (1996). “The Content and Development of Mobbing at Work”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2): 165-184.
• Leymann, H. The Mobbing Encyclopedia, http://www.leymann.se/English/12100E.HTM (Çevrimiçi) Erişim tarihi: 10/10/2012
• Resch, M. ve Schubinski, M. (1996). “Mobbing-Prevention and Management in Organizations”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2): 295-302.
• Saam, N. J. (2010). “Interventions in workplace bullying: A multilevel approach”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 19 (1): 51–75.
• Stenberg, Elaine. Just Business Ethics, London, Warner Books, 1994.
• Tınaz Pınar. İşyerinde Psikolojik Taciz, İstanbul, 1.Baskı, Beta Basım, 2006.
• Yavuz, H. (2007). “Çalışanlarda Mobbing (Psikolojik Şiddet) Algısını Etkileyen Faktörler: SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Ana Bilim Dalı.
• Zapf, D., Knorz, C. ve Kulla, M. (1996). “On the Relationship Between Mobbing Factors and Job Content, Social Work Environment and Health Outcomes”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2): 215-237.