Seçim Kampanyalarında Kullanılan Vaatlerin Kaynağının Seçmenler Tarafından Bilinirliliği Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Konya Örneği

Yıl 2012, Sayı: 28, 89 - 107, 01.08.2012

Süleyman Karaçor Esra Çelebi Zengin

Öz

Demokrasinin vazgeçilmez unsuru olan seçimler, seçmenlerin ülkenin yönetilmesinde söz sahibi olmasınıistedikleri kişi ya da siyasi partiye yetki vermesi anlamına gelmektedir. Ancak seçmenlerin oy verme davranışınıyönlendiren birbirinden farklınedenler bulunabilmektedir. Sosyo-ekonomik, psikolojik birçok unsurun etkisiyle hareket eden bu seçmenlerin eğilimleri ülkelere, toplumlara hatta aynıbölge ve şehirlere göre farklılık göstermektedir. Türkiye’de seçmen tercihleri ile seçmen tercihlerini etkileyen sosyo-kültürel, ekonomik vb. etkenler hususunda çok sayıda ve genişkapsamlıbirçok araştırma yapılmıştır. Ancak seçmenlerin seçim zamanlarında gerçekleştirilen siyasal seçim kampanyalarında ortaya konulan vaatleri ne kadar dikkate aldığıya da vaatlerin kaynağıhususunda ne kadar bilgili olduklarıhakkında çok fazla bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Dolayısıyla Türkiye’de seçim kampanyalarında kullanılan seçim vaatlerinin seçmenler tarafından hangi siyasi partiye ait olduğunun bilinirliği bir problem olarak ortada durmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacıda bu çerçevede Türkiye’de seçim kampanyalarında kullanılan seçim vaatlerinin seçmenler tarafından bilinirliği ve kampanyalarda kullanılan seçim vaatlerinin hangi siyasi partiye ait olduğunun bilinirliğinin tespitini sağlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

seçim, siyasal iletişim, seçmen davranışları, seçim vaatleri

A Research About The Awareness By The Voters Of Sourceof Promisses That Are Used İn Election Campaigns: Case Of Konya

Öz

As an indispensable constituent of democracy, elections can be defined as the authorization of the individuals or political parties that voters favor most to rule the state. Nonetheless it is likely that a wide range of motives direct polling behavior of voters. Driven from a multitude of factors such as socio-economic and psychological the voters, in their polling behavior, may differ with respect to countries, social communities, regions, provinces and expectations. As an outcome of the differentiation of expectations, it became inevitable that parties with different inclinations would introduce polyphony into political life. A good number of comprehensive studies have been conducted on voter preferences in Turkey as well as socio-cultural, economic and similar factors playing role in voter preferences. Nevertheless it has been detected that there are limited number of researches focusing on to what extent voters pay heeds to the promises outspoken during political campaigns or their knowledge on the party origins of such promises. Hence it appears that the awareness of voters regarding the origin of election promises used by each party in Turkey during political campaigns stands as a problem. Within that scope the purpose of current study is to detect whether the promises given during political campaigns in Turkey are paid attention by voters and the level of awareness on the political party origins of these promises. Current research unveiling the general attitudes and inclinations of Konya voters shall meanwhile offer a general evaluation whether voters take declarations of election into consideration and how attentively they follow the party they vote for. Data essential for this research have been collected from a questionnaire which is listed amongst the resources of secondary data. In this questionnaire, there are close-ended questions in addition to Likert scale questions. Field study has been conducted through face-to-face survey method. Field study has covered collectively 1907 subjects from total 22 districts in Konya; 3 central districts and 19 sub districts. Population includes all the voters in Turkey who bear the ability of electing and being elected. After tabulating basic information and inclination of voters in districts, by taking certain criteria into account such as age, profession and income level, the evaluation shall be based on detecting certain issues voters need urgent solutions and also partial analyses shall be aimed to detect how attentively some populations follow campaign promises while voting for their parties and how attentively they analyze declarations of elections. In this questionnaire, aside from questions directed to gather information on the general evaluation of voters, there are some questions as stated below in order to uncover how attentively relevant populations follow campaign promises of the parties. “All living places shall be disabled-friendly”, “A high-quality life standard shall be provided to senior citizens”, “A new Constitution underscoring personal freedom and judicial independence”, “Per capita income shall rise to 25 thousand dollars”, “Low-income families shall be granted houses with no advance payments”, “Poor newly-wed farmers shall be aided with zerointerest loan”, “The dormitories in KYK Credit and Dormitories Agency shall reach to 600-thousand capacity”, “All citizens shall be covered with health insurance”, “Fight against terrorism and state aid for the victims of terrorism”, “Personnel cadre ambiguity shall be * Doç. Dr., Selçuk Üniversitesi ** Öğr. Gör., Niğde Üniversitesi stopped”, “Small size farmers shall receive support”, “Chauffeurs shall pay no VAT Value added tax , SCT Special consumption tax ”, “SMEs shall pay no VAT”, “Poor families shall be assisted with Hilalkart”, “Wages for the disabled shall be boosted to 450 TL”, “Net minimum wage shall be increased to 825 TL”, “The aids for the poor shall be increased”, “Poor and middle income citizens shall be provided with full mortgage”, “Poor Women shall be granted assistance”, “Adaptation Law shall pass and better conditions shall be provided to the retired”, “University fees shall be nullified”, “Istanbul shall be proclaimed as the new prestige finance center”. Accordingly the answers of the voter populations to determine the origin -AKP, CHP or MHP- of the most leading promises in declarations of election and fields have been sought. Declaration of election -which is a partnership treaty signed between political parties to be elected and the voters whose polls they need- has been annexed to the relevant questionnaire because of being an issue ignored in our country. In the analysis part of research, a couple of tables that reflect the thoughts of voters regarding the political party origins of the promises that we deem to have been in relation to certain populations are illustrated. Research sampling consists of subjects bearing the ability to elect and be elected selected via simple random sampling method from voters in Konya. The questionnaire which constitutes in the introduction part general questions such as the age, gender, educational background, marital status, profession and monthly income level of participants has been divided into various groups of questions. Thus it has been aimed to detect the issues voters demand urgent solution and also how attentively voters follow election campaigns and whether they are aware of the political party origins of campaign promises. In the end it has been feasible to reach a conclusion regarding the voter population in Konya, political parties that are popular on the basis of districts. Elections are acknowledged as an indication of democratization for countries since it is verified that national will shall eventually rise as the winner from ballot box. However it is indeed hard to detect how many of the voters demonstrate a conscious attitude. Some voters bear an ideological attitude and partisan identity whereas some voters vote for the party whom they believe to be most beneficial for their own sake. The causes that lead a person to different inclinations are not only psychological but can be attributed to a wide range of variables like economic factors, family, educational level, income level, profession, religious tenets even ethic origins during the latest ages . As regards the outcome with respect to Turkey it seems challenging to arrive at a certain conclusion for the voter population since other than entrenched votes there are also amphibian votes for the parties and no equal stability can be ensured for each party. Therefore it can be argued that the majority of Turkish voters act pragmatically rather than ideologically. In this questionnaire that constitutes the scope of current research data gathered from 22 districts of the sampling city Konya are supportive of this finding. To illustrate, the collected responses manifest that voters select with no awareness of the programs of parties and actually pay no heeds to such issues. Furthermore on the basis of such data it can reasonably be argued that the majority of voters in Konya province unite around the very same parties

Anahtar Kelimeler

choice, political communication, voter behavior, election promises

Kaynakça

• Aktaş, H. (2004), Partilerin Seçim Kampanyaları Örneğinde Siyasal İletişim, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Konya.
• Aydın, K. ve V. Özbek, (2004), “Ailenin Seçmen Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkisi”, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Sayı:2, ss. 144-167.
• Aziz, A. (2007), Siyasal İletişim, Ankara: 2. Basım, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Balcı, Ş. (2005), “Medya ve Siyaset İlişkilerinde Siyasal Reklam: Güncel Örnekler Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme”, Medya ve Siyaset İlişkileri Üzerine, Ed.: Zülfikar Damlapınar, Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi, ss. 142-176.
• Barış, G. (2009), “Partizan Seçmenler, Kararsız Seçmenler ve Gezen Oylar”, Siyasetin İletişimi, Ed. Abdullah Özkan, İstanbul: TASAM Yayınları, ss. 69-84.
• Bon, G. Le. (1997), Kitleler Psikolojisi, İstanbul: Hayat Yayınları.
• Bostancı, M. N. (2011), Siyaset ve Medya Alacakaranlığın İki Atlısı, İstanbul: Özgür Yayınları.
• Kapani, M. (2002), Politika Bilimine Giriş, Ankara: 14. Basım, Bilgi Yayınevi.
• Karaçor, S. (2006), “Siyasi Katılım Açısından Siyasal Pazarlama ve Seçim Kampanyalarının Önemi”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, Yıl: 2006, Sayı: 25, İstanbul, ss. 81-93.
• Karaçor, S. (2009), “Yeni İletişim Teknolojileri, Siyasal Katılım, Demokrasi”, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İİBF Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, Yıl:2009 Cilt:16 Sayı:2, Manisa, ss. 121-131.
• Kazancı, M. (2006), Kamuda ve Özel Kesimde Halkla İlişkiler, Ankara: 6. Bası, Turhan Kitabevi.
• Kılıçaslan, E.Ç. (2008) Siyasal İletişim, İstanbul: Kriter Yayınevi.
• Kışlalı, A.T. (1987), Siyaset Bilimi, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Basın Yayın Yüksek Okulu Yayınları.
• Köker, E. (1998), Politikanın İletişimi İletişimin Politikası, Ankara: Vadi Yayınları.
• Okumuş, A. (2007), “Pazarlama Anlayışında Siyasal Pazarlamanın Yeri ve Pazar Konumlarına Göre Siyasi Partilerin Stratejik Analizi”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Yıl: Nisan 2007, Sayı:17, Kütahya, ss. 157-172.
• Özkan, A. (2007), Siyasal İletişim Stratejileri, İstanbul: TASAM Yayınları.
• Sakallı, N. (2010), Sosyal Etkiler, Ankara: 3. Baskı, İmge Kitabevi.
• Sarıbay, A.Y. (2001), Türkiye’de Demokrasi ve Politik Partiler, İstanbul: Alfa Basım Yayın.
• Sarıbay, A.Y. (2008), Global Bir Bakışla Politik Sosyoloji, İstanbul: Everest Yayınları.
• TÜSİAD. (2001), Seçim Sistemi ve Siyasi Partiler Araştırması, Cilt 1, İstanbul: TUSİAD.
• Sitembölükbaşı, Ş. (2005), “Seçimlerde Yaşanan Oy Değişkenlikleri”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Yıl: Aralık 2005, Sayı:13, Kütahya, ss. 195-220.
• Siyasi Partiler Kanunu.
• Tan, A. (2002), İlke ve Uygulamalarıyla Politik Pazarlama, İstanbul: Papatya Yayıncılık.
• Tek, Ö.B. (1999), Pazarlama İlkeleri Global Yönetimsel Yaklaşım Türkiye Uygulamaları, İstanbul: 8. Baskı, Beta Basım Yayın.
• Turan, İ. (1977), Siyasal Sistem ve Siyasal Davranış, İstanbul: Der Yayınları.
• Yalçın, A. F., M. Tığlı ve Y. Özyer (2009), “Seçmenlerin 2009 Yerel Seçimlerine Yönelik Algısal Çağrışımları ve Öneriler”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Uluslararası Davraz Kongresi 24-27 Eylül 2009, Isparta; idc.sdu.edu.tr/tammetinler/demokrasi/demokrasi6.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.02.2012).
• Yavaşgel, E. (2004), Siyasal İletişim, Ankara: Babil Yayınları.