BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Girişimcilik ve Yenilikçilik Kavramlarının İktisadi Düşüncedeki Yeri: Joseph A. Schumpeter

Yıl 2013, Sayı: 29, 75 - 85, 01.02.2013

Öz

Girişimcilik, küreselleşen günümüz dünyasında ekonomik gelişmede rol oynayan en önemli faktörlerden biridir. Girişimcilik ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmanın motoru, yenilik ve yaratıcılığın kaynağıdır. Ekonomik açıdan girişimciliğin bu artan önemi, ekonomik teoride girişimcinin niteliklerinin ve rolünün ne olduğu ile ilgili bazısorularıda beraberinde getirmektedir. Ekonomik gelişmede girişimcilerin dinamik rolü üzerinde duran ve girişimciyi yenilikleri gerçekleştiren kişi olarak tanımlayan Schumpeter, buluşlar yoluyla girişimcilerin üretime getirdikleri yenilikleri, liberal kapitalist gelişmenin itici gücü olarak kabul etmektedir. Diğer bir ifadeyle Schumpeter teknolojik yenilikleri ve girişimcilik faaliyetlerini statik ekonominin üretken kaynaklarınıdinamik yeniliklere aktaran güçler olarak ele alır. Girişimciliğin yenilikçi faaliyetleri olarak ifade edilen bu gelişmeler ilk olarak Schumpeter tarafından ele alınmakla birlikte girişimcilik ve yenilikçilik kavramlarıfarklıiktisat okullarıtarafından farklı şekillerde yorumlanmıştır.Bu çalışma ilk olarak iktisadi düşünce tarihinde girişimciliğin ve yenilikçiliğin teorik temellerini oluşturan yorumlarıinceledikten sonra Schumpeter’in yenilikçi girişimci analizini irdelemektedir

Kaynakça

  • Akyos, M. (2004). Firma Düzeyinde Yenilikçilik (Yenilik) ve Bilgi Yönetimi, http://www.sistems.org/know_info_ozet.htm (E:02.08.2011).
  • Aydoğmuş, O., Türkcan, B., Tunali, E. ve Kopurlu B. S. (2009). “Kriz Teorileri: Kondratieff, Schumpeter ve Wallerstein”, Ege University, Working Papers ın Economics.
  • Antonelli, C. (2009). “The Economics of Innovation: From the Classical Legacies to the Economics of Complexity”, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, s.611-646.
  • Brouwer, M. T. (2002). “Weber, Schumpeter and Knight on Entrepreneurship and Economic Development”, J Evol Econ, s.83-105.
  • Chen, T. Chen, S. H. (2001). “Global Production Networks and Local Capabilities”, East-West Center Working Papers, Economic Series, No:15, February.
  • Dolanay, S. S. (2009). “Schumpeter Sisteminde Yenilikler, Ekonomik Gelişme ve Devresel Hareketler”, International Journal of Economic and Administrative Studies, Sayı:1, s.171-188.
  • Drucker, P. F. (1998). “The Discipline of Innovation”,Harvard Business Review, November- December.
  • Durukan, T. (2007). “Dünden Bugüne Girişimcilik ve 21.Yüzyılda Girişimciliğin Önemi”, Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, C.1, S.2, s.25-37.
  • Edquist, C. ve Hommen L. (1999). “System of Innovation: Theory and Policy for The Demand Side”, Technology In Society 21, s.63-79.
  • Ercan, S. ve Gökdeniz İ. (2009). “Girişimciliğin Gelişim Süreci ve Girişimcilik Açısından Kazakistan” ,bilig Bahar/S.49.
  • Ertuğrul, B. (2011). Hayek – Schumpeter; Ne Yazık ki Halen Anlaşılamadınız – 2…http://bilalertugrul.wordpress.com/2011/11/21/hayek-schumpeter-ne-yazik-ki-halen- anlasilamadiniz-2/ (E.T.:02.01.2012).
  • Filion, L. J. (1997). From Entrepreneurship to Entreprenology, http://web.hec.ca/creationdentreprise/CERB_Backup-12-mai-2008/pdf/1997-05EPIEntreprenology.pdf ,(E:04.08.2011)
  • Freeman, C. ve Soote L. (2003). Yenilik İktisadı, (çev. Ergun Türkcan), Ankara :Tübitak.
  • Gartner, W. B. ve Carter, N. M. (2003). Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research, Z. J. Acs ve D. B. Audretsch, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Great Britain.
  • Hagedoorn, J. (1996). “Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Schumpeter Revisited”, Oxford University Press, s.883-896.
  • Hebert, R. F. ve Link, A. N. (1989). “In Search of the Meaning of Entrepreneurship”, Small Business Economics 1, s.39-49.
  • Hebert, R. F. ve Link, A. N. (2006). “Historical Perspectives on the Entrepreneur”, Foundation and Trends in Entrepreneurship, S.2:4.
  • Hebert, R. F. ve Link, A. N. (2006). “The Entrepreneur As Innovator”, Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer Science.
  • Hisrich, R. ve Peters M. (2001). Entrepreneurship, 5 th Ed., McGraw Hill Higher.
  • Işık, N., Göktaş, D., Kılınç, E. C. (2011). “İktisadi Büyümede Girişimciliğin Rolü”, Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi(6:1).
  • İraz, Rıfat (2005). Yaratıcılık ve Yenilik Bağlamında Girişimcilik ve KOBİ’ler, Çizgi Kitabevi, Konya.
  • Jones, G. ve Wadhwani, R. D. (2006). Schumpeter’s Plea: Rediscovering History and Revelance In The Study of Entrepreneurship, http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/06-036.pdf (E.02.09.2011).
  • Karagöz, M. ve Albeni, M. (2003). “Ekonomik Kalkınma ve Modern Yenilik Teorisi”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İİBF, s.3, S.27-48.
  • Landström, H. (2005). “Pioneers In Entrepreneurship And Small Business Research”, Springer Science.
  • Landström, H. (2005). “The Roots of Entrepreneurship And Small Business Research”, Pioneers in Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research, Springer.
  • Mahdjoubi, D. (1997). Schumpeterian Economics and The Trilogy of Invention-Innovation- Diffusion, http://www.ischool.utexas.edu/~darius/17-Schumpeter-innovation.pdf , (E.02.09.2011).
  • Mccraw, T. K. (2007). Prophet of Innovation: Joseph Schumpeter and Creative Destruction, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Menuda, J. M. ve Kean, J. M. (2002). “The French Tradition: An Alternative Theoretical Framework”, Working Papers Series, WP ECON 06.24.
  • Özkul, G. (2007) “Kapitalist Sistemin Sürükleyici Aktörleri: Ekonomik Teoride Girişimciler”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, İ.İ.B.F., C.12, S.3, s.343-366.
  • Peneder, M. (2009). “The Meaning of Entrepreneurship: A Modular Concept”, J Lnd Compet Trade 9, s.77- 99.
  • Praag, C. M. (1999). “Some Classic Views on Entrepreneurship”, De Economist 147, No.3, s.311-335.
  • Sahlman, W. A. ve Stevenson, H. H. (1991). The Entrepreneurial Venture, Harvard Business School Press.
  • Savaş, Vural (2007). İktisatın Tarihi, Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara, 5.Baskı.
  • Sciascia S. ve De Vita R., (2004). “The Development of Entrepreneurship Research”, Liuc Papers n.146.
  • Sungur, O. (2007). “Bölgesel Ölçekte İnovasyon: NUTS2 TR61 Düzeyi KOBİ’leri İle Yerel Paydaşlar Arasındaki Bilgi Dinamikleri ve Ağbağları Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Anabilim Dalı, Isparta.
  • Taymaz, E. (2001). Ulusal Yenilik Sistemi: Türkiye İmalat Sanayinde Teknolojik Değişim ve Yenilik Süreçleri, TÜBİTAK/TTGV/DİE, Mart, Ankara.
  • Tekeoğlu, M. (1993). İktisadi Düşünceler Tarihi, Adana.
  • Winata, S. (2008). “The Economic Determinants of Entrepreneurial Activity : Evidence from a Bayesian Approach”, Massey University.
  • Wingham, D. W. (2004). Entrepreneurship Through The Ages, http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.4324/9780203356821.ch3 ,(E:05.08.2011).

The Terms of Entrepreneurship and Innovativeness in the Economic Thought: Joseph A. Schumpeter

Yıl 2013, Sayı: 29, 75 - 85, 01.02.2013

Öz

Entrepreneurship is one of the most important factors that play a role in economic development in today's globalized world.Entrepreneurship is an engine of economic growth and development and a source of innovation and creativity. Economically, the growing importance of entrepreneurship raises some questions about what is the entrepreneur’s qualifications and it’s role in the economic theory. Because physiocrat thought emerged in a period, when agriculture became dominant and industrial revolution did not change world economy completely, it mostly emphasized agricultural entrepreneur in its thoughts related to entrepreneurship. The definition of entrepreneurship was made by R. Cantillon, physiocrat thinker, as a person buying and producing the production inlets to sell from undetermined price. Thus, Cantillon, relating the enterprise to risk element, emphasizes the feature of entrepreneurs to undertake risk in the face of uncertainty. Beside risk element, those emphasizing the importance of entrepreneur form other viewpoints are under consideration. For example, Beaudeu attracted attention to planning and organization. Definition of entrepreneur, being developed J.B.Say after R. Cantillon, it was emphasized that the entrepreneur should have the attribution to organize and manage production inlets. In other words, according to J.B.Say, entrepreneur is a person undertaken the coordination role in both production and distribution and marketing stages. Classical economists did not sufficiently madethe distinction between entrepreneur who undertakes risk, combines production factors, and searches the possibility of innovation and capitalist who only provides tool for investment and as a result, equated the entrepreneur with capitalist. The reason for this is that classic economists have the belief that all changes and movements in the market will be known by all market actors. In view of this, they accept all human beings wanting to maximize their interests as entrepreneur. Because the situation is so, classical economists did not give a distinct role for entrepreneur. According to A.Marshall, from the pioneer of neoclassic economics, entrepreneur is a person producing goods and services as well as performing supervision functions in the firm and while making these, undertaking risk. In Neoclassic school, entrepreneurship remained limited with the function to bring together and protecting the individual against the risk of future. Neoclassic model, with production function, rational choices, and the assumption of perfect information it has did charged a little mission to the entrepreneur. In this model, firm can run itself. In the studies carried out on the entrepreneurship, Austrian economics school that accounts for market process on the base of human action has a distinct place. In this frame, I. Kirzner made the most important contribution about market process and entrepreneurship. In market process, the emergence of profit depends on the activity of entrepreneur. Krizner shaped the definition of entrepreneurship around the concepts of awareness, learning new things, and realizing innovation

Kaynakça

  • Akyos, M. (2004). Firma Düzeyinde Yenilikçilik (Yenilik) ve Bilgi Yönetimi, http://www.sistems.org/know_info_ozet.htm (E:02.08.2011).
  • Aydoğmuş, O., Türkcan, B., Tunali, E. ve Kopurlu B. S. (2009). “Kriz Teorileri: Kondratieff, Schumpeter ve Wallerstein”, Ege University, Working Papers ın Economics.
  • Antonelli, C. (2009). “The Economics of Innovation: From the Classical Legacies to the Economics of Complexity”, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, s.611-646.
  • Brouwer, M. T. (2002). “Weber, Schumpeter and Knight on Entrepreneurship and Economic Development”, J Evol Econ, s.83-105.
  • Chen, T. Chen, S. H. (2001). “Global Production Networks and Local Capabilities”, East-West Center Working Papers, Economic Series, No:15, February.
  • Dolanay, S. S. (2009). “Schumpeter Sisteminde Yenilikler, Ekonomik Gelişme ve Devresel Hareketler”, International Journal of Economic and Administrative Studies, Sayı:1, s.171-188.
  • Drucker, P. F. (1998). “The Discipline of Innovation”,Harvard Business Review, November- December.
  • Durukan, T. (2007). “Dünden Bugüne Girişimcilik ve 21.Yüzyılda Girişimciliğin Önemi”, Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, C.1, S.2, s.25-37.
  • Edquist, C. ve Hommen L. (1999). “System of Innovation: Theory and Policy for The Demand Side”, Technology In Society 21, s.63-79.
  • Ercan, S. ve Gökdeniz İ. (2009). “Girişimciliğin Gelişim Süreci ve Girişimcilik Açısından Kazakistan” ,bilig Bahar/S.49.
  • Ertuğrul, B. (2011). Hayek – Schumpeter; Ne Yazık ki Halen Anlaşılamadınız – 2…http://bilalertugrul.wordpress.com/2011/11/21/hayek-schumpeter-ne-yazik-ki-halen- anlasilamadiniz-2/ (E.T.:02.01.2012).
  • Filion, L. J. (1997). From Entrepreneurship to Entreprenology, http://web.hec.ca/creationdentreprise/CERB_Backup-12-mai-2008/pdf/1997-05EPIEntreprenology.pdf ,(E:04.08.2011)
  • Freeman, C. ve Soote L. (2003). Yenilik İktisadı, (çev. Ergun Türkcan), Ankara :Tübitak.
  • Gartner, W. B. ve Carter, N. M. (2003). Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research, Z. J. Acs ve D. B. Audretsch, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Great Britain.
  • Hagedoorn, J. (1996). “Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Schumpeter Revisited”, Oxford University Press, s.883-896.
  • Hebert, R. F. ve Link, A. N. (1989). “In Search of the Meaning of Entrepreneurship”, Small Business Economics 1, s.39-49.
  • Hebert, R. F. ve Link, A. N. (2006). “Historical Perspectives on the Entrepreneur”, Foundation and Trends in Entrepreneurship, S.2:4.
  • Hebert, R. F. ve Link, A. N. (2006). “The Entrepreneur As Innovator”, Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer Science.
  • Hisrich, R. ve Peters M. (2001). Entrepreneurship, 5 th Ed., McGraw Hill Higher.
  • Işık, N., Göktaş, D., Kılınç, E. C. (2011). “İktisadi Büyümede Girişimciliğin Rolü”, Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi(6:1).
  • İraz, Rıfat (2005). Yaratıcılık ve Yenilik Bağlamında Girişimcilik ve KOBİ’ler, Çizgi Kitabevi, Konya.
  • Jones, G. ve Wadhwani, R. D. (2006). Schumpeter’s Plea: Rediscovering History and Revelance In The Study of Entrepreneurship, http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/06-036.pdf (E.02.09.2011).
  • Karagöz, M. ve Albeni, M. (2003). “Ekonomik Kalkınma ve Modern Yenilik Teorisi”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İİBF, s.3, S.27-48.
  • Landström, H. (2005). “Pioneers In Entrepreneurship And Small Business Research”, Springer Science.
  • Landström, H. (2005). “The Roots of Entrepreneurship And Small Business Research”, Pioneers in Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research, Springer.
  • Mahdjoubi, D. (1997). Schumpeterian Economics and The Trilogy of Invention-Innovation- Diffusion, http://www.ischool.utexas.edu/~darius/17-Schumpeter-innovation.pdf , (E.02.09.2011).
  • Mccraw, T. K. (2007). Prophet of Innovation: Joseph Schumpeter and Creative Destruction, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Menuda, J. M. ve Kean, J. M. (2002). “The French Tradition: An Alternative Theoretical Framework”, Working Papers Series, WP ECON 06.24.
  • Özkul, G. (2007) “Kapitalist Sistemin Sürükleyici Aktörleri: Ekonomik Teoride Girişimciler”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, İ.İ.B.F., C.12, S.3, s.343-366.
  • Peneder, M. (2009). “The Meaning of Entrepreneurship: A Modular Concept”, J Lnd Compet Trade 9, s.77- 99.
  • Praag, C. M. (1999). “Some Classic Views on Entrepreneurship”, De Economist 147, No.3, s.311-335.
  • Sahlman, W. A. ve Stevenson, H. H. (1991). The Entrepreneurial Venture, Harvard Business School Press.
  • Savaş, Vural (2007). İktisatın Tarihi, Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara, 5.Baskı.
  • Sciascia S. ve De Vita R., (2004). “The Development of Entrepreneurship Research”, Liuc Papers n.146.
  • Sungur, O. (2007). “Bölgesel Ölçekte İnovasyon: NUTS2 TR61 Düzeyi KOBİ’leri İle Yerel Paydaşlar Arasındaki Bilgi Dinamikleri ve Ağbağları Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Anabilim Dalı, Isparta.
  • Taymaz, E. (2001). Ulusal Yenilik Sistemi: Türkiye İmalat Sanayinde Teknolojik Değişim ve Yenilik Süreçleri, TÜBİTAK/TTGV/DİE, Mart, Ankara.
  • Tekeoğlu, M. (1993). İktisadi Düşünceler Tarihi, Adana.
  • Winata, S. (2008). “The Economic Determinants of Entrepreneurial Activity : Evidence from a Bayesian Approach”, Massey University.
  • Wingham, D. W. (2004). Entrepreneurship Through The Ages, http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.4324/9780203356821.ch3 ,(E:05.08.2011).
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Perihan Hazel Er Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Şubat 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Sayı: 29

Kaynak Göster

APA Er, P. H. (2013). Girişimcilik ve Yenilikçilik Kavramlarının İktisadi Düşüncedeki Yeri: Joseph A. Schumpeter. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(29), 75-85.


24108  28027

Bu eser Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.