BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Girişimcilik Eğitimi ve Algıda Değişim: Türkiye’de Zorunlu Girişimcilik Dersi Deneyiminin İlk Sonuçları

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 34, 15 - 26, 01.08.2015

Öz

Girişimcilik özellikle merkezi planlama sistemlerinin gerilemesinin ardından gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde önemi vurgulanan bir konu haline gelmiştir. Devletin ekonomideki ağırlığının azaltılmasına dönük artan eğilimler, piyasaların işleyebilmesinin yegâne unsuru olan ve her ölçekte işletmenin kurulması, çalıştırılması ve büyütülmesi hususundaki en kritik faktör olan girişimcileri ekonomi politikalarının da merkezine yerleştirmiştir. Bu kapsamda, girişimciliğin yaygınlaştırılması ve buna bağlı olarak ekonomik büyüme ve refah hedeflerine ulaşmaya dönük politikaların gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde pek az istisnayla yaygınlaştığı görülmektedir. Diğer yandan, girişimcilik ve girişimcilik eğitimi alanındaki araştırmaların popülerliğine karşın, yenilikçilik yapan, iş kuran ve büyüten, böylece yeni iş imkanları yaratan girişimcilerin sayısı gerçekte pek de fazla değildir. İnsanları farklı istihdam alanları arasından girişimcilik seçeneğine yöneltmek zannedildiği kadar kolay değildir. Bu sebeple girişimcilik temelli serbest piyasa sistemini benimsemiş ülke hükümet yetkilileri, bireyleri girişimciliği bir kariyer hedefi olarak tercih etme doğrultusunda motive etme hususunda çeşitli politikalar geliştirmektedirler. Bu yönde, Türkiye’de de kendi işini kurmak isteyen ve girişimciliği tercih eden bireyleri destekleyecek çok çeşitli programlar yürürlüktedir. Bu kapsamda değerlendirilmek üzere, bir devlet üniversitesi olan Aksaray Üniversitesi de, tüm Lisans düzeyindeki eğitim programlarına dört saatlik zorunlu girişimcilik dersi koymuştur. Aksaray Üniversitesi 2012 yılı Eylül ayından geçerli olmak üzere –sadece Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı ve Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanlığınca müfredatı belirlenen okullarda seçmeli olmak üzere- tüm lisans bölümlerine zorunlu girişimcilik dersi koymuş, konuya ilişkin olarak KOSGEB ile de Aksaray Üniversitesi mezunlarına kendi işlerini kurma amaçlı finansal imkanlara başvuru hakkı veren bir sertifika sağlanması yönünde anlaşmaya varılmıştır. Mevcut çalışmanın amacı söz konusu ders sonucunda, derse katlan öğrencilerde girişimcilik ve girişimciye yönelik bir algı değişiminin olup olmadığının anlaşılmasıdır. Dersi alan ve almayan 925 öğrenci ile yapılan araştırmanın sonuçları, zorunlu derslerin girişimcilik algısı kadar iş kurma niyetleri üzerinde de olumlu etki yaptığını göstermektedir. Zaman içinde benzer konudaki araştırmaların dersin içeriği, dersi veren öğretim elemanlarının beceri ve nitelikleri, öğrencilerin mezun olduktan sonraki uygulamaları, çalışmaya başladıktan sonra iş hayatındaki yenilikçi davranışlarına etkisi gibi konularda çeşitlendirilmesi, böylece araştırmaların Girişimcilik Eğitimi alanına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Acs, Z. (2006). How Is Entrepreneurship Good for Economic Growth? Innovations, Winter, pp.97-107
  • Ali A. & Topping, K. & Tariq R. (2010). Entrepreneurial Attitudes among Potential Entrepreneurs, Pak. J. Commer. Soc. Sci. Vol. 5 (1), 12-46
  • Aşkun, B. & Yıldırım N. (2011). Insights On Entrepreneurship Education In Public Universities In Turkey: Creating Entrepreneurs Or Not?, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 663–676
  • Balaban Ö. & Özdemir Y. (2008). Girişimcilik eğitiminin girişimcilik eğilimi üzerindeki etkisi: Sakarya üniversitesi İİBF örneği, [Effect of Entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship tendency: The Case of Sakarya University FEAS] Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, (3:2), 133-149
  • Bitros, G. C. & Karayiannis A. (2004). The Liberating Power of Entrepreneurship in Ancient Athens. Athens University of Economics and Business Working Paper No. 155 Available at SSRN Retrieved March 20, 2014 from: http://ssrn.com/abstract=664346
  • Bitros, G. C. & Karayiannis A. (2008). Values and institutions as determinants of entrepreneurship in ancient Athens. Journal of Institutional Economics, Volume 4, Issue 02, August , 205-230
  • Bozkurt, Ö. Ç. & Alparslan A. M. (2013). Girişimcilerde bulunması gereken özellikler ile girişimcilik eğitimi: Girişimci ve Öğrenci görüşleri [Qualificatons that Entrepreneurs must have and Entrepreneurship Education: Opinions of Entrepreneurs and Students]. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, (8:1), 7-28
  • Brush C. G. & Duhaime, I. M. & Gartner, W. B. & Stewart, A. & Katz, J. A. & Hitt, M. A. & Alvarez, S. A. & Meyer, G. D. & Venkataraman, S. (2003). Doctoral Education in the Field of Entrepreneurship. Journal of Management, 29 (3) 309–331
  • Buttrick S. C. & Moran J. P. (2005). Russia’s missing link? Social capital, entrepreneurialism, and economic performance in post-communist Russia, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 38, 357-368
  • Carayannis E. G. & Evans, D. & Hanson M. (2003), A cross-cultural learning strategy for entrepreneurship education: outline of key concepts and lessons learned from a comparative study of entrepreneurship students in France and the US. Technovation, 23, 757–771
  • Charney, A. & Libecap, G. D. (2000) Impact of Entrepreneurship Education, Kauffmann Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership, Retrieved April 9 2014 from http://entrepreneurship.eller.arizona.edu/Docs/Evaluation/Impactevaluation_Entrepreneurshipprogram_UA.Pdf
  • Chiu R. (2012). Entrepreneurship education in the Nordic countries, Strategy implementation and good practices. Nordic Innovation Report, 24, Oslo. Retrieved April 9 2014 from http://www.nordicinnovation.org/Global/_Publications/Reports/2013/Entrepreneurship_Education_in_Nordics_web.pdf
  • Colette, H. & Treanor L. (2012). Exploring entrepreneurship education within veterinary medicine: can it be taught? Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development Vol. 19 No. 3, 484-499
  • Colette, H. & Hill, F. & Leitch, C., Entrepreneurship education and training: can entrepreneurship be taught? Part II. Education+Training, Vol. 47 No. 3, 158-169
  • Curry, M. (2012) Students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship at a historically black university in central Mississippi, A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University
  • Doepke, M. & Zilibotti, F. (2013) Culture, Entrepreneurship, and Growth. NBER Working Paper No. 19141, June, Retrieved April 9 2014 from http://www.nber.org/papers/w19141
  • Donato, I. & Micozzi, A. Entrepreneurship education in Italian universities: trend, situation and opportunities. Education + Training, Vol. 54 No. 8/9, 673-696
  • Farashah, A. D. (2013). The process of impact of entrepreneurship education and training on entrepreneurship perception and intention Study of educational system of Iran. Education + Training, Vol. 55 No. 8/9, 868-885
  • Fiet J. O. (2000). The Pedagocial Side of Entrepreneurship Theory, Journal of Business Venturing 16, 101–117
  • Final Report of the Expert Group, (2008). Entrepreneurship in Higher Education, Especially in Non-Business Studies. European Commission, March. Retrieved April 9 2014 from http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/files/support_measures/training_education/entr_highed_en.pdf
  • Fitzgerald, J. (1999). Promoting Entrepreneurship among Inner-City High School Students: Does it Improve Student Outcomes? Urban Education, Vol. 34, No 2, 155-180
  • Gorman G. & Hanlon D., King, W. (1997). Some Research Perspectives on Entrepreneurship Education, Enterprise Education and Education for Small Business Management: A Ten-Year Literature Review. International Small Business Journal, vol.15, no.3, 56-77
  • Gürol, Y. & Atsan, N. (2006). Entrepreneurial characteristics amongst university students Some insights for entrepreneurship education and training in Turkey. Education+Training, Vol. 48, No. 1, 25-38
  • Halaç, D. S. & Bulut, Ç. (2012). Entrepreneurial Education at Universities: A conceptual Framework. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi (7:1), 11-22
  • Hall, R. & Agarwal, R. & Green, R. (2013). The future of management education in Australia: challenges and innovations. Education+Training, Vol. 55, No. 4/5, 348-369
  • Hansemark, O. C. (1998). The effects of an entrepreneurship programme on Need for Achievement and Locus of Control of reinforcement. Inte Jnl of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 4, No. 1, 28-50.
  • Harmeling, S. S. & Sarasvathy, S. D. (2011). When Contingency Is a Resource: Educating Entrepreneurs in the Balkans, the Bronx, and Beyond. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, September, 1-32
  • Harry, M. (2008). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial outcomes. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development Vol. 15 No. 2, 382-396
  • Hong, Z. & Hong, T. & Zhong, C. & Luzhuang, W. (2012). Entrepreneurship Quality of College Students Related to Entrepreneurial Education, Empirical Study on Psychological and Behavioral Characteristics. Energy Procedia, 17,1907 – 1913
  • Hussain, J. G. & Scott, J. M. Scott, Matlay, H. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on succession in ethnic minority family firms. Education+Training Vol. 52, No. 8/9, 643-659.
  • İbicioğlu, H. & Taş, S. & Özmen, H. İ. (2010). Üniversite Eğitiminin Girişimcilik Düşüncesinin Değişimine Etkisi: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Uygulama [Impact of University Education on the change of entrepreneurship opinion: An application on University Students]. Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 2/1, 53-74.
  • Ibrahim, A. B. (2002). Entrepreneurship Education and training in Canada: A Critical Assessment. Education +Training, Vol. 44, No. 8/9, 421-430.
  • Jackson, K. M. & Nzuve, S. M. & Magutu, P. O. (2010). A Survey Of Personal Goals And Perceptıons Of Entrepreneurıal Ability Among Students At The School Of Business, Unıversity Of Nairobi. African Journal of Business & Management, Vol. 1, March 24, 29-43.
  • Joan, F. (1999). Promoting Entrepreneurship among Inner-City High School Students: Does it Improve Student Outcomes? Urban Education,Vol 34, No 2, 155-180.
  • Johansson, D. (2004). Economics without Entrepreneurship or Institutions: A Vocabulary Analysis of Graduate Textbooks. Econ Journal Watch, Volume 1, Number 3, December, 518-538.
  • Jolita, G. & Daugèlienè, R. (2008). Managers' Perception of Entrepreneurship Concept In Regional Science Park of KTU. European Integration Studies, 2, 12-127.
  • Katz, J. A. (2008). Fully Mature but Not Fully Legitimate: A Different Perspective on the State of Entrepreneurship Education. Journal of Small Business Management, 46(4), 550-566.
  • Kirby, D. A. & Ibrahim, N. (2011). The case for (social) entrepreneurship education in Egyptian universities, Education+ Training Vol. 53 No. 5, 403-415.
  • Klein, P. G. (2008). Opportunity Discovery, Entrepreneurial Action and Economic Organization. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2, 175-190.
  • Klein, P. G. & Bullock, J. B. (2006). Can Entrepreneurship Be Taught? Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Vol 38, n.2, August, 429-439.
  • Klinger, B. & Schündeln, M. (2007). Can Entrepreneurial Activity be Taught? Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Central America. CID Working Paper No. 153 December 2007, Retrieved April 9 2014 from http://www.hks.harvard.edu/var/ezp_site/storage/fckeditor/file/pdfs/centers-programs/centers/cid/publications/faculty/wp/153.pdf
  • Korhonen, M. & Komulainen, K. & Raty, H. (2011). Bringing up global or local citizens? Pupils’ narratives of spatial selves in Finnish entrepreneurship education. Journal of Youth Research Young, Vol 19(1), 45–67.
  • Kuratko, D. F. (2005). The Emergence of Entrepreneurship Education, Developments, Trends and Challenges. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, September, 577-597.
  • Lee, S. M. & Chang, D. (2005). Impact of Entrepreneurship Education: A Comparative Study of the U.S. and Korea. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1, 27–43.
  • Lüthje, C. & Franke, N. (2002). Fostering entrepreneurship through university education and training: Lessons from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, EURAM, European Academy of Management, 2nd Annual Conference on Innovative Research in Management May 9 – 11, 2002, Stockholm, Sweden, Retrieved April 9 2014 from http://www.legrain2sel.com/wp-content/uploads/2003/01/fostering-entrepreneurship.pdf
  • Matlay H. (2006). Researching entrepreneurship and education Part 2: what is entrepreneurship education and does it matter? Education+Training, Vol. 48, No. 8/9, 704-718.
  • McCrea, E. A. (2010). Integrating Service-Learning into an Introduction to Entrepreneurship Course. Journal of Management Education, Volume 34, Number 1, February, 39-61.
  • McKeown, J. & Millman, C. & Sursani S. R. & Smith, K. & Martin, L. M. (2006). Graduate entrepreneurship education in the United Kingdom. Education+Training, Vol. 48 No. 8/9, 597-613.
  • Mises, L.von (1949). Human Action: A Treatise on Economics, Fourth Ed., San Francisco, Fox&Wilkes, Retrieved April 9 2013 from http://mises.org/books/humanaction.pdf
  • Mithat (Efendi), A. (1997). Müşahedat [Observations] , Ankara, Akçağ Yayınları
  • Oriarewo, G. O. & Chukwujioke, K. & Aondoseer, A. A. (2013). Entrepreneurial Perceptions and Knowledge among Graduates of Nigerian Universities. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 6, June, 1-8.
  • Othman, N. & Hashim, N. & Ab Wahid, H. (2012). Readiness towards entrepreneurship education Students and Malaysian universities, Education+Training Vol. 54 No. 8/9, 697-708.
  • Owualah, S. L. (1999). Tackling Youth Unemployment through Entrepreneurship. International Small Business Journal,17:3, 49-59.
  • Patır, S. & Karahan, M. (2010). Girişimcilik Eğitimi ve Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Girişimcilik Profillerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Alan Araştırması [A survey on entrepreneurship education and determining the entrepreneurial profiles of university students] İşletme ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt 1, Sayı 2, 27-44.
  • Peterman, N. E. & Kennedy, J. (2003). Enterprise Education Influencing Students' Perceptions of Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Winter, ss.129-144.
  • Petridou, E. & Sarri A. & Kyrgidou, L. P. (2009). Entrepreneurship education in higher educational institutions: the gender dimension. Gender in Management: An International Journal Vol. 24 No. 4, 286-309.
  • Piperopoulos, P. (2012). Could higher education programmes, culture and structure stifle the entrepreneurial intentions of students? Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 19, Iss: 3, 461-483.
  • Rae, D. & Woodier-Harris, N. (2012). International entrepreneurship Education Postgraduate business student experiences of entrepreneurship education. Education+Training Vol. 54 No. 8/9, 639-656.
  • Report-Entrepreneurship Unit Directorate-General for Enterprise and Industry, (2012). Effects and impact of entrepreneurship programmes in higher education, European Commission, Brussels, March, Retrieved April 9 2014 from http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/promoting-entrepreneurship/files/education/effects_impact_high_edu_final_report_en.pdf
  • Sabahattin, P(rens), (2002). Türkiye Nasıl Kurtarılabilir, [How Can Turkey be saved] Çev. İnan Keser, Ankara, Liberte Yayınları
  • Sánchez, J. C. (2013). The Impact of an Entrepreneurship Education Program on Entrepreneurial Competencies and Intention, Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 447–465.
  • Smith A.J. & Collins, L.A. & Hannon, P.D. (2006). Embedding new entrepreneurship programmes in UK higher education institutions Challenges and considerations. Education+Training, Vol. 48, No. 8/9, 555-567
  • Thornburg, M. W. (1950). Türkiye Nasıl Yükselir? [How does Turkey rise?] Çeviren: Semih Yazıcıoğlu, İstanbul, Nebioğlu Yayınevi
  • Thurik, R. (2003). Entrepreneurship and Unemployment in the UK. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 50, No. 3, 264-281
  • Vanevenhoven, J. (2013). Advances and Challenges in Entrepreneurship Education, Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 466–470.
  • Wennekers, S. & Thurik, R. (1999). Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth. Small Business Economics, 13: 27–55.
  • Wilson, K. (2008). Entrepreneurship Education in Europe, in Entrepreneurship and Higher Education, OECD, 1-20, Retrieved April 9 2014 from http://www.oecd.org/site/innovationstrategy/42961567.pdf

Entrepreneurship Education and Perception Change: The Preliminary Outcomes of Compulsory Entrepreneurship Course Experience in Turkey

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 34, 15 - 26, 01.08.2015

Öz

The importance of entrepreneurship is increasingly emphasized worldwide especially after the decline of centrally planned economic systems. The trends toward reducing the domination of governments in the economy put the entrepreneur, the sole actor who makes the markets work by starting and growing the businesses in any scale, in the center of the economy policies. In this context, the policies toward making entrepreneurship widespread and thereby achieve the aim of economic growth and wealth have been very common in both developed and developing countries for decades with a few exceptions worldwide. On the other hand, despite the increasing popularity of entrepreneur and entrepreneurship research, the number of entrepreneurs who undertake the risks of starting a business and grow it by innovation and thereby create new jobs is not that much in reality. It is not easy to motivate people to become entrepreneurs in the presence of different employment alternatives. So, the governments that chose free market economy system based upon entrepreneurship have been starting policies toward motivating individuals to choose entrepreneurship as a career alternative. Entrepreneurship education is one of the most common tools in this sense and has been used widely both in schools and out of school education. In this direction, programs supporting the entrepreneurs and people who have intentions to start their own businesses in Turkey is a government policy today. Aksaray University, a state university in Turkey, started a compulsory four hour Entrepreneurship course covering all undergraduate departments in Aksaray University. The senate of Aksaray University agreed on the compulsory entrepreneurship courses, which will be effective to all departments beginning from September 2012 -only selective for the departments which have curriculums determined centrally by the Ministry of Education or Higher Education Council of Turkey- and there is also an agreement between KOSGEB Republic of Turkey, Small and Medium Entreprises Development Organzation and Aksaray University to provide students a certificate which gives them the right to apply for certain financial incentives to start their own businesses. The aim of this research is to find out the perception change of students towards entrepreneur and entrepreneurship. A survey was conducted among 925 students who participated in these courses and who did not in Aksaray University and the results show that the compulsory courses have positive impacts on perceptions toward Entrepreneurship, along with the intention to start their own businesses. We hope that similar studies which will focus on the context of the course, the qualifications of the lecturers, the practices of students after graduation, their innovative behaviours in their business life will contribute to the Entrepreneurship Education field

Kaynakça

  • Acs, Z. (2006). How Is Entrepreneurship Good for Economic Growth? Innovations, Winter, pp.97-107
  • Ali A. & Topping, K. & Tariq R. (2010). Entrepreneurial Attitudes among Potential Entrepreneurs, Pak. J. Commer. Soc. Sci. Vol. 5 (1), 12-46
  • Aşkun, B. & Yıldırım N. (2011). Insights On Entrepreneurship Education In Public Universities In Turkey: Creating Entrepreneurs Or Not?, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 663–676
  • Balaban Ö. & Özdemir Y. (2008). Girişimcilik eğitiminin girişimcilik eğilimi üzerindeki etkisi: Sakarya üniversitesi İİBF örneği, [Effect of Entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship tendency: The Case of Sakarya University FEAS] Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, (3:2), 133-149
  • Bitros, G. C. & Karayiannis A. (2004). The Liberating Power of Entrepreneurship in Ancient Athens. Athens University of Economics and Business Working Paper No. 155 Available at SSRN Retrieved March 20, 2014 from: http://ssrn.com/abstract=664346
  • Bitros, G. C. & Karayiannis A. (2008). Values and institutions as determinants of entrepreneurship in ancient Athens. Journal of Institutional Economics, Volume 4, Issue 02, August , 205-230
  • Bozkurt, Ö. Ç. & Alparslan A. M. (2013). Girişimcilerde bulunması gereken özellikler ile girişimcilik eğitimi: Girişimci ve Öğrenci görüşleri [Qualificatons that Entrepreneurs must have and Entrepreneurship Education: Opinions of Entrepreneurs and Students]. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, (8:1), 7-28
  • Brush C. G. & Duhaime, I. M. & Gartner, W. B. & Stewart, A. & Katz, J. A. & Hitt, M. A. & Alvarez, S. A. & Meyer, G. D. & Venkataraman, S. (2003). Doctoral Education in the Field of Entrepreneurship. Journal of Management, 29 (3) 309–331
  • Buttrick S. C. & Moran J. P. (2005). Russia’s missing link? Social capital, entrepreneurialism, and economic performance in post-communist Russia, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 38, 357-368
  • Carayannis E. G. & Evans, D. & Hanson M. (2003), A cross-cultural learning strategy for entrepreneurship education: outline of key concepts and lessons learned from a comparative study of entrepreneurship students in France and the US. Technovation, 23, 757–771
  • Charney, A. & Libecap, G. D. (2000) Impact of Entrepreneurship Education, Kauffmann Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership, Retrieved April 9 2014 from http://entrepreneurship.eller.arizona.edu/Docs/Evaluation/Impactevaluation_Entrepreneurshipprogram_UA.Pdf
  • Chiu R. (2012). Entrepreneurship education in the Nordic countries, Strategy implementation and good practices. Nordic Innovation Report, 24, Oslo. Retrieved April 9 2014 from http://www.nordicinnovation.org/Global/_Publications/Reports/2013/Entrepreneurship_Education_in_Nordics_web.pdf
  • Colette, H. & Treanor L. (2012). Exploring entrepreneurship education within veterinary medicine: can it be taught? Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development Vol. 19 No. 3, 484-499
  • Colette, H. & Hill, F. & Leitch, C., Entrepreneurship education and training: can entrepreneurship be taught? Part II. Education+Training, Vol. 47 No. 3, 158-169
  • Curry, M. (2012) Students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship at a historically black university in central Mississippi, A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University
  • Doepke, M. & Zilibotti, F. (2013) Culture, Entrepreneurship, and Growth. NBER Working Paper No. 19141, June, Retrieved April 9 2014 from http://www.nber.org/papers/w19141
  • Donato, I. & Micozzi, A. Entrepreneurship education in Italian universities: trend, situation and opportunities. Education + Training, Vol. 54 No. 8/9, 673-696
  • Farashah, A. D. (2013). The process of impact of entrepreneurship education and training on entrepreneurship perception and intention Study of educational system of Iran. Education + Training, Vol. 55 No. 8/9, 868-885
  • Fiet J. O. (2000). The Pedagocial Side of Entrepreneurship Theory, Journal of Business Venturing 16, 101–117
  • Final Report of the Expert Group, (2008). Entrepreneurship in Higher Education, Especially in Non-Business Studies. European Commission, March. Retrieved April 9 2014 from http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/files/support_measures/training_education/entr_highed_en.pdf
  • Fitzgerald, J. (1999). Promoting Entrepreneurship among Inner-City High School Students: Does it Improve Student Outcomes? Urban Education, Vol. 34, No 2, 155-180
  • Gorman G. & Hanlon D., King, W. (1997). Some Research Perspectives on Entrepreneurship Education, Enterprise Education and Education for Small Business Management: A Ten-Year Literature Review. International Small Business Journal, vol.15, no.3, 56-77
  • Gürol, Y. & Atsan, N. (2006). Entrepreneurial characteristics amongst university students Some insights for entrepreneurship education and training in Turkey. Education+Training, Vol. 48, No. 1, 25-38
  • Halaç, D. S. & Bulut, Ç. (2012). Entrepreneurial Education at Universities: A conceptual Framework. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi (7:1), 11-22
  • Hall, R. & Agarwal, R. & Green, R. (2013). The future of management education in Australia: challenges and innovations. Education+Training, Vol. 55, No. 4/5, 348-369
  • Hansemark, O. C. (1998). The effects of an entrepreneurship programme on Need for Achievement and Locus of Control of reinforcement. Inte Jnl of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 4, No. 1, 28-50.
  • Harmeling, S. S. & Sarasvathy, S. D. (2011). When Contingency Is a Resource: Educating Entrepreneurs in the Balkans, the Bronx, and Beyond. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, September, 1-32
  • Harry, M. (2008). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial outcomes. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development Vol. 15 No. 2, 382-396
  • Hong, Z. & Hong, T. & Zhong, C. & Luzhuang, W. (2012). Entrepreneurship Quality of College Students Related to Entrepreneurial Education, Empirical Study on Psychological and Behavioral Characteristics. Energy Procedia, 17,1907 – 1913
  • Hussain, J. G. & Scott, J. M. Scott, Matlay, H. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on succession in ethnic minority family firms. Education+Training Vol. 52, No. 8/9, 643-659.
  • İbicioğlu, H. & Taş, S. & Özmen, H. İ. (2010). Üniversite Eğitiminin Girişimcilik Düşüncesinin Değişimine Etkisi: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Uygulama [Impact of University Education on the change of entrepreneurship opinion: An application on University Students]. Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 2/1, 53-74.
  • Ibrahim, A. B. (2002). Entrepreneurship Education and training in Canada: A Critical Assessment. Education +Training, Vol. 44, No. 8/9, 421-430.
  • Jackson, K. M. & Nzuve, S. M. & Magutu, P. O. (2010). A Survey Of Personal Goals And Perceptıons Of Entrepreneurıal Ability Among Students At The School Of Business, Unıversity Of Nairobi. African Journal of Business & Management, Vol. 1, March 24, 29-43.
  • Joan, F. (1999). Promoting Entrepreneurship among Inner-City High School Students: Does it Improve Student Outcomes? Urban Education,Vol 34, No 2, 155-180.
  • Johansson, D. (2004). Economics without Entrepreneurship or Institutions: A Vocabulary Analysis of Graduate Textbooks. Econ Journal Watch, Volume 1, Number 3, December, 518-538.
  • Jolita, G. & Daugèlienè, R. (2008). Managers' Perception of Entrepreneurship Concept In Regional Science Park of KTU. European Integration Studies, 2, 12-127.
  • Katz, J. A. (2008). Fully Mature but Not Fully Legitimate: A Different Perspective on the State of Entrepreneurship Education. Journal of Small Business Management, 46(4), 550-566.
  • Kirby, D. A. & Ibrahim, N. (2011). The case for (social) entrepreneurship education in Egyptian universities, Education+ Training Vol. 53 No. 5, 403-415.
  • Klein, P. G. (2008). Opportunity Discovery, Entrepreneurial Action and Economic Organization. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2, 175-190.
  • Klein, P. G. & Bullock, J. B. (2006). Can Entrepreneurship Be Taught? Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Vol 38, n.2, August, 429-439.
  • Klinger, B. & Schündeln, M. (2007). Can Entrepreneurial Activity be Taught? Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Central America. CID Working Paper No. 153 December 2007, Retrieved April 9 2014 from http://www.hks.harvard.edu/var/ezp_site/storage/fckeditor/file/pdfs/centers-programs/centers/cid/publications/faculty/wp/153.pdf
  • Korhonen, M. & Komulainen, K. & Raty, H. (2011). Bringing up global or local citizens? Pupils’ narratives of spatial selves in Finnish entrepreneurship education. Journal of Youth Research Young, Vol 19(1), 45–67.
  • Kuratko, D. F. (2005). The Emergence of Entrepreneurship Education, Developments, Trends and Challenges. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, September, 577-597.
  • Lee, S. M. & Chang, D. (2005). Impact of Entrepreneurship Education: A Comparative Study of the U.S. and Korea. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1, 27–43.
  • Lüthje, C. & Franke, N. (2002). Fostering entrepreneurship through university education and training: Lessons from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, EURAM, European Academy of Management, 2nd Annual Conference on Innovative Research in Management May 9 – 11, 2002, Stockholm, Sweden, Retrieved April 9 2014 from http://www.legrain2sel.com/wp-content/uploads/2003/01/fostering-entrepreneurship.pdf
  • Matlay H. (2006). Researching entrepreneurship and education Part 2: what is entrepreneurship education and does it matter? Education+Training, Vol. 48, No. 8/9, 704-718.
  • McCrea, E. A. (2010). Integrating Service-Learning into an Introduction to Entrepreneurship Course. Journal of Management Education, Volume 34, Number 1, February, 39-61.
  • McKeown, J. & Millman, C. & Sursani S. R. & Smith, K. & Martin, L. M. (2006). Graduate entrepreneurship education in the United Kingdom. Education+Training, Vol. 48 No. 8/9, 597-613.
  • Mises, L.von (1949). Human Action: A Treatise on Economics, Fourth Ed., San Francisco, Fox&Wilkes, Retrieved April 9 2013 from http://mises.org/books/humanaction.pdf
  • Mithat (Efendi), A. (1997). Müşahedat [Observations] , Ankara, Akçağ Yayınları
  • Oriarewo, G. O. & Chukwujioke, K. & Aondoseer, A. A. (2013). Entrepreneurial Perceptions and Knowledge among Graduates of Nigerian Universities. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 6, June, 1-8.
  • Othman, N. & Hashim, N. & Ab Wahid, H. (2012). Readiness towards entrepreneurship education Students and Malaysian universities, Education+Training Vol. 54 No. 8/9, 697-708.
  • Owualah, S. L. (1999). Tackling Youth Unemployment through Entrepreneurship. International Small Business Journal,17:3, 49-59.
  • Patır, S. & Karahan, M. (2010). Girişimcilik Eğitimi ve Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Girişimcilik Profillerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Alan Araştırması [A survey on entrepreneurship education and determining the entrepreneurial profiles of university students] İşletme ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt 1, Sayı 2, 27-44.
  • Peterman, N. E. & Kennedy, J. (2003). Enterprise Education Influencing Students' Perceptions of Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Winter, ss.129-144.
  • Petridou, E. & Sarri A. & Kyrgidou, L. P. (2009). Entrepreneurship education in higher educational institutions: the gender dimension. Gender in Management: An International Journal Vol. 24 No. 4, 286-309.
  • Piperopoulos, P. (2012). Could higher education programmes, culture and structure stifle the entrepreneurial intentions of students? Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 19, Iss: 3, 461-483.
  • Rae, D. & Woodier-Harris, N. (2012). International entrepreneurship Education Postgraduate business student experiences of entrepreneurship education. Education+Training Vol. 54 No. 8/9, 639-656.
  • Report-Entrepreneurship Unit Directorate-General for Enterprise and Industry, (2012). Effects and impact of entrepreneurship programmes in higher education, European Commission, Brussels, March, Retrieved April 9 2014 from http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/promoting-entrepreneurship/files/education/effects_impact_high_edu_final_report_en.pdf
  • Sabahattin, P(rens), (2002). Türkiye Nasıl Kurtarılabilir, [How Can Turkey be saved] Çev. İnan Keser, Ankara, Liberte Yayınları
  • Sánchez, J. C. (2013). The Impact of an Entrepreneurship Education Program on Entrepreneurial Competencies and Intention, Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 447–465.
  • Smith A.J. & Collins, L.A. & Hannon, P.D. (2006). Embedding new entrepreneurship programmes in UK higher education institutions Challenges and considerations. Education+Training, Vol. 48, No. 8/9, 555-567
  • Thornburg, M. W. (1950). Türkiye Nasıl Yükselir? [How does Turkey rise?] Çeviren: Semih Yazıcıoğlu, İstanbul, Nebioğlu Yayınevi
  • Thurik, R. (2003). Entrepreneurship and Unemployment in the UK. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 50, No. 3, 264-281
  • Vanevenhoven, J. (2013). Advances and Challenges in Entrepreneurship Education, Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 466–470.
  • Wennekers, S. & Thurik, R. (1999). Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth. Small Business Economics, 13: 27–55.
  • Wilson, K. (2008). Entrepreneurship Education in Europe, in Entrepreneurship and Higher Education, OECD, 1-20, Retrieved April 9 2014 from http://www.oecd.org/site/innovationstrategy/42961567.pdf
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Hilmi Bahadır Akın Bu kişi benim

Yavuz Demirel Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Sayı: 34

Kaynak Göster

APA Akın, H. B., & Demirel, Y. (2015). Entrepreneurship Education and Perception Change: The Preliminary Outcomes of Compulsory Entrepreneurship Course Experience in Turkey. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(34), 15-26.


24108  28027

Bu eser Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.