Türkiye’de Polisin Meşruiyeti ve Terörle Mücadelede Halkla İşbirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 38, 28 - 41, 01.08.2017

Bülent Ulutürk

Öz

Başarılı kolluk kuvvetleri için temel unsur insanların kalplerini ve zihinlerini kazanmaktır. Bu, terör ve terörle mücadele için özellikle geçerlidir. Her ne kadar terörizm, 11 Eylül terör saldırılarından bu yana dünya çapında önemli bir sorun haline geldiyse de, Türkiye’nin yüzleştiği en önemli sorunlardan birisidir çünkü Türk devleti terör örgütleriyle kırk yıldır mücadele etmektedir. Bu nedenle Türk hükümeti; askeri operasyonları, cezai kovuşturmaları ve hatta teröristlerle müzakereyide içeren çeşitli terörle mücadele önlemleri geliştirmiş ve uygulamıştır. Terör öğütleri varlıklarını sürdürebilmek ve faaliyetlerini yürütebilmek amacıyla halkın desteğini kazanmaya çalışır; bunun yanı sıra hükümetler için de terörle mücadelede halkın desteğini almak elzemdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kolluk kuvvetlerinin, terörle mücadelede halkın işbirliğe olan desteğini kazanmasındaki belirleyici etkenlerini ortaya koymaktır. Polise ve hükümet politikasına karşı halkın tutumunu anlayarak, yetkili merciler halkın tutumunu geliştirmek adına çaba sarf edebilir çünkü halkın güveni ve işbirliği polislik ilke ve uygulamaları için esastır.Polisin meşruiyeti ve halkla işbirliği ile ilgili birçok araştırma yapılmıştır. Ancak, terörizm açısından polis ve halkın işbirliği konusundaki araştırmalar çok kısıtlıdır. Bu çalışma, enstrümental ve normatif açılardan, caydırıcılığın ve meşruiyet modellerinin insanların polisle işbirliğine karşı bakış açılarına olan etkisini gün yüzüne çıkarmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu çalışma, halkın, polisin meşruiyeti ve terörle mücadelede polisle işbirliği ile ilgili görüşlerini anlamak için Türkiye’nin Diyarbakır ilinin bir ilçesindeki devlet okullarında görevli 113 öğretmenden elde edilen anket verilerini analiz etmektedir. Bu çalışma, ankete katılanların büyük çoğunluğunun polisi meşru bir güç olarak gördüğünü ve polisle işbirliğine sıcak baktığını göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ayrıca halkın sesinin, sosyal ayrımcılığın, genel polislik önlemlerinin, polisin etkinliğinin, dindarlığın ve terör riskinin katılımcılarının polisle işbirliği konusundaki tutumlarına kayda değer bir etki sağladığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Meşruiyet, İşbirliği, Terörle Mücadele, Halk Desteği, Polislik

An Assessment of Police Legitimacy and Public Cooperation on Counterterrorism in Turkey

Öz

Winning the hearts and minds of the people is the key element for successful law enforcement agencies. This is particularly true of terrorism and counterterrorism. Despite the fact that terrorism has been an important problem around the World since the September 11 terrorist attacks, it has been one of the most important problems Turkey faces because the Turkish State has been combating against terrorist organizations for the last four decades. Therefore, the Turkish government has developed and implemented different counterterrorism measures including military operations, criminal proceedings, and even negotiation with terrorists. Terrorist organizations attempt to gain public support in order to maintain their existence and operate their activities; on the other hand, gaining the public support is also crucial for governments to combat against terrorism. The aim of this study is to explore determinants of public support for cooperation on counterterrorism with law enforcement agencies. By understanding public attitudes toward the police and government policies, authorities can make efforts to improve public attitudes since public trust and cooperation are essential to policing policies and practices. A great deal of research has been conducted on police legitimacy and public cooperation with the police. However, research on public cooperation with the police in terms of terrorism has been very limited. Using the instrumental and normative perspectives, this study aimed to uncover the influence of the deterrence and legitimacy models on people’s views of cooperation. The present study analyzes survey data from 113 public school teachers in one of the districts of Diyarbakir province of Turkey to understand the public views about police legitimacy and cooperation with the police acting against terrorism. The study finds that the vast majority of respondents regard the police legitimate and are willing to cooperate with the police. The results also suggest that community voice, social discrimantion, public policing measures, police effectiveness, religiosity, and seriousness of terror risk have a significant influence on participants’ attitudes toward cooperation with the police

Anahtar Kelimeler

Legitimacy, Cooperation, Counterrorism, Public Support, Policing

Kaynakça

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