Sosyal Güven, Otoriterlik ve Göçmenlere Yönelik Tutum

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 42, 168 - 179, 01.08.2019

Reha Atakan Çetin Sefa Çetin Erol Turan

Öz

Son yıllarda, göç konusu, pek çok araştırmacı tarafından önemli bir sorun olarak kabul edilmiş; konu akademik olarak da gittikçe daha fazla dikkat çekmeye başlamıştır. Buna göre, ilgili alanda çalışan araştırmacılar, göçmen nüfusun çoğunluğunu alan ülkelerdeki artan göçmen karşıtı tutumların ana dinamiklerini belirlemeye çalışmışlardır. Mevcut literatürde, otoriterizm ile sosyal güven arasındaki ilişkilere odaklanan ve göçmenler için çeşitli tutumlar ve algılar geliştiren benzer teorik ve ampirik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Yüksek sosyal güven ile insanlar göçmenlere karşı daha olumlu tutumlara sahip olurken, sosyal güveni düşük insanlar bu yazının hipotezinin bir parçası olan göçmenlere karşı daha olumsuz tutumlara sahip olmaktadırlar. Sosyal güven daha fazla sosyal bütünlük ve entegrasyon sağladığı için, sosyal güven ve sosyal sermaye bakımından zengin olan Batı toplumlarında göçmenlere yönelik tutumlarda sosyal güvenin önemli bir rolü olduğu söylenebilir. Buna bağlı olarak, bu tür toplumlarda, yüksek sosyal güven, göçmenlere karşı olumlu tutum geliştirmede etkili olmaktadır. Bu makale, çağdaş Amerikan toplumu bağlamında sosyal güven ve otoriterizmin göçmen karşıtı tutumlar geliştirmedeki etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. 2016 ANES Zaman Serisi Çalışması verilerine ve OLS regresyon analizi metodolojisine dayanarak, çalışma şu hipotezleri test etmiştir: 1 düşük sosyal güven ve yüksek otoriterizm düzeyleri, insanların göçmenlere yönelik tutumları üzerinde güçlü etkiye sahiptir ve 2 sosyal güvenin göçmenlere yönelik olumsuz tutum geliştirmedeki etkisi eğitim seviyesine göre değişmektedir. OLS analizini kullanarak, düşük sosyal güven ve yüksek otoriterizm düzeylerinin, göçmen karşıtı tutumlara sahip olmakla güçlü bir şekilde ilişkili olduğu; ayrıca, sosyal güven ve göçmenlere yönelik olumsuz tutumlar arasındaki ilişkinin lisans derecesine sahip kişiler için, sahip olmayanlardan daha büyük olduğu sonuçları bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal Güven, Otoriterlik, Göçmenlik

Social Trust, Authoritarianism and Immigration Attitudes

Öz

In recent decades, the issue of immigration has started to attract scholarly attention while being considered as problematic by the host communities of many developed nations. Accordingly, researchers in the related fields have attempted to discover the main dynamics of the growing anti-immigrant attitudes in those countries receiving the majority of the immigrant population. In the existing literature, there have been similar theoretical and empirical studies that focus on these relations between authoritarianism and social trust and developing varying attitudes and perceptions for immigrants. While, with high social trust, people are to have more positive attitudes towards immigrants, people with low social trust are to have more negative attitudes towards immigrants, which was a part of this paper’s hypothesis. If the social trust provides more social cohesion and integration, it can be argued that social trust has an important role in the attitudes towards immigrants in Western societies that are rich in social capital and trust. Accordingly, in such societies, it is reasonable to hypothesize that high social trust would have an impact on developing a positive attitude towards immigrants. This paper aims to explore the effect of social trust and authoritarianism on developing anti-immigrant attitudes within the context of contemporary American society. Based on the data from the 2016 ANES Time Series Study and with the methodology of OLS regression analysis, the study tests the following hypotheses: 1 low social trust and high levels of authoritarianism have strong influence on people’s attitudes towards immigrants and 2 the effect of social trust on developing negative attitudes towards immigrants varies by education level. Using the OLS analysis, we find that low levels of social trust and high levels of authoritarianism are strongly associated with having anti-immigrant attitudes. We also find that the relationship between social trust and negative attitudes towards immigrants is greater for people who have a bachelor’s degree than for people who do not.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social Trust, Authoritarianism, Immigration

Kaynakça

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