Süreklilik ve Değişim Arasında Post-Otoriter Şili Parti Sistemi

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 52, 368 - 385, 27.12.2023

Uğur Tekiner

https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1352076

Öz

Bu makale, post-otoriter Şili parti sisteminin 1973 darbesi öncesine kıyasla ne ölçüde değiştiğini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. 1990'dan 2010'a kadar olan dönemin, 1973 öncesi dönem ve askeri diktatörlük (1973-1990) arka planında analizine dayanan bu makalenin temel savı, post-otoriter Şili parti sisteminin süreklilik ve değişim arasında gidip geldiğidir. Süreklilik, diktatörlük öncesi dönem ve Şili'nin uzun yıllara dayanan demokratik geleneğinden ileri gelirken, değişim, bilhassa askeri hükümetin anti-demokratik uygulamaları tarafından dayatılmıştır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, post-otoriter parti sistemini karakterize eden süreklilik ve değişim arasında birbiriyle ilişkili üç gerilim saptamıştır: partilerin merkezi konumuna karşı halkın siyasete dair büyüyen hayal kırıklığı, otoriterlik yanlısı/karşıtı ayrımına karşı partiler arası uzlaşmaya dayalı ilişkiler ve üçlü parti sistemine karşı iki kutuplu koalisyon siyaseti. Bu gerilim, iktidardaki Concertación bloğu başta olmak üzere, bu dönemde faaliyet gösteren tüm siyasi parti ve partiler arası koalisyonları derinden etkilemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Şili Siyaseti, Augusto Pinochet, Askeri Diktatörlük, Demokrasiye Geçiş, Concertación

The Post-Authoritarian Chilean Party System between Continuity and Change

Öz

This article aims to examine to what extent the post-authoritarian Chilean party system changed in comparison to the period prior to the 1973 coup. Based on an analysis of the period from 1990 until 2010 against the background of the pre-1973 period and the military dictatorship (1973-1990), the main argument of this article is that the post-authoritarian Chilean party system oscillated between continuity and change. Whilst continuity found its roots in the pre-authoritarian period and Chile’s long-running democratic tradition, change was particularly enforced by the anti-democratic practices of the military government. As such, this study has pinpointed three interrelated tensions between continuity and change that characterised the post-authoritarian party system: the centrality of parties vs. the growing public disillusionment with politics; the pro-/anti-authoritarian cleavage vs. the consensus-based relations between parties; and the tripartite party system vs. the bipolar coalition politics. This tension profoundly influenced all the political parties and inter-party coalitions that functioned during this period, not least the ruling Concertación bloc.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chilean Politics, Augusto Pinochet, Military Dictatorship, Transition to Democracy, Concertación

Kaynakça

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