Araştırma Makalesi
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Disasters and Vulnerable Groups

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 13 - 30, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.53586/susbid.1474653

Öz

In almost every part of the world, different types of disasters and the difficulties caused by disasters are encountered. Disasters, which mostly take place all of a sudden, have the potential to bring about severe consequences in physical, social, economic, and psychological terms. Recently, the damage and losses of disasters have been increasing in parallel with the increase in frequency, severity, and duration. While disasters affect all parts of society deeply, they have far more severe impacts on vulnerable groups such as children, older people, women, and disabled people. It is vitally important to minimize the destructive effects of disasters in terms of the whole society, especially vulnerable groups. Within this context, the study aims to question the hardships revealed by disasters in terms of vulnerable groups and propose solutions for reducing their adverse effects on the mentioned groups. In the study, the literature scan method was utilized. Consequently, considering that the individuals in the society have different levels of vulnerability and capacity to cope in the event of disasters, the development and implementation of disaster managing strategies specific to vulnerable groups are seen to be crucial both for minimizing the damage these groups can get and for making the society resistant to disasters. Nevertheless, social assistance and social services that come to the forefront as the essential means of social policy during and after disasters must be secured to meet the necessities of vulnerable groups and enable them to sustain their lives.

Kaynakça

  • Balaban, O., Özgür, B., & Sakar, B. (2021). İklim değişikliği, göç ve yerel yönetimler. RESLOG.
  • Bhuiya, M.M.R., Shao, W., & Jones, S. (2023). Measuring accessibility of movement challenged persons during earthquake evacuation of Dhaka City, Bangladesh: A participatory GIS-Based approach. Applied geography, 156, 1-16.
  • Bizzarri, M. (2012). Protection of vulnerable groups in natural and man-made disasters. In A. de Guttry, M. Gestri & G. Venturini (Eds.), International disaster response law (pp. 381-414). Netherlands: TMC Asser Press.
  • Bozkurt, V. (2023). Depremin toplumsal boyutu. Avrasya Dosyası Dergisi, 14(1), 89-111.
  • Carter, W. N. (2008). Disaster management: A disaster manager’s handbook. Philippines: Asian Development Bank.
  • Çakır, Ö. ve Aydoğmuş Atalay, G. (2020). Afetlerde özel gereksinimli grup olarak yaşlılar. Resilience Journal, 4(1), 169-186.
  • Dolatabadi, Z. A., Seyedin, H., & Aryankhesal, A. (2016). Policies on protecting vulnerable people during disasters in Iran: A document analysis. Trauma mon., 21(3), 1-6.
  • Donner, W., & Rodriguez, H. (2008). Population composition, migration and inequality: The influence of demographic changes on disaster risk and vulnerability. Social Forces, 87(2), 1089-1114.
  • DPT. (2001). Sekizinci beş yıllık kalkınma planı sosyal hizmetler ve yardımlar özel ihtisas komisyonu raporu. DPT (2593-ÖİK: 605).
  • Fothergill, A., & Peek, L.A. (2004). Poverty and disasters in the United States: A review of recent sociological findings. Natural hazards, 32, 89-110.
  • Fountain, L., Tofa, M., Haynes, K., Taylor, M.R., & Ferguson, S. J. (2019). Older adults in disaster and emergency management: What are the priority research areas in Australia?. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 39, 1-11.
  • Gentilini, U. (2005). Mainstreaming Safety Nets in the Social Protection Policy Agenda: A New Vision or the Same Old Perspective?. Electronic Journal of Agricultural and Development Economics, 2(2), 133-157.
  • Gibson, M. J., & Hayunga, M. (2006). We can do better: Lessons learned for protecting older persons in disasters. Washington: AARP Public Policy Institute.
  • Hemingway, L., & Priestley, M. (2006). Natural hazards, human vulnerability and disabling societies: A disaster for disabled people?. Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal, 2(3), 57-67.
  • Hisamatsu, M. (2013). Panel discussion on disaster resilience and disability: Ensuring equality and inclusion. New York: UNDESA.
  • Hoffman, S. (2008). Preparing for disaster: Protecting the most vulnerable in emergencies. UC Davis Law Review, 42, 1491-1547.
  • Kuran, C. H. A., Morsut, C., Kruke, B. I., Krüger, M., Segnestam, L., Orru, K., ... & Torpan, S. (2020). Vulnerability and vulnerable groups from an intersectionality perspective. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 50, 1- 8.
  • Lovell, E., & le Masson, V. (2014). Equity and Inclusion in Disaster Risk Reduction: Building Resilience for all. Climate and Development Knowledge Network and Overseas Development Institute.
  • Makoka, D. ve Kaplan, M. (2005). Poverty and vulnerability - An interdisciplinary approach. Centre for Development Research, University of Bonn. 26 Haziran 2024, https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6964/.
  • Marshall, J., Wiltshire, J., Delva, J., Bello, T., & Masys, A. J. (2020). Natural and manmade disasters: Vulnerable populations. In A. J. Masys., R. Izurieta., M. R. Ortiz (Eds.), Global health security: Recognizing vulnerabilities, creating opportunities (pp. 143-161). Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
  • Masozera, M., Bailey, M., & Kerchner, C. (2007). Distribution of impacts of natural disasters across income groups: A case study of New Orleans. Ecological economics, 63, 299-306.
  • Mendis, K., Thayaparan, M., Kaluarachchi, Y., & Pathirage, C. (2023). Challenges faced by marginalized communities in a post-disaster context: A systematic review of the literature. Sustainability, 15(14), 1-22.
  • Misomali, R., & McEntire, D. (2008). Rising disasters and their reversal: An identification of vulnerability and ways to reduce it. In J. Pinkowski (Eds.), Disaster management handbook (pp. 19-35). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  • Okay, N. ve İlkkaracan, İ. (2018). Toplumsal cinsiyete duyarlı afet risk yönetimi. Resilience Journal, 2(1), 1-12.
  • Okay, N. ve İnal, E. (2019). Kırılganlıktan Kapasite Geliştirmeye. Resilience Journal, 3(1), 85-99.
  • Özmete, E. ve Yılmaz, A. (2023). “6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş merkezli depremler”: Yaşlı dostu afet yönetimi. E. Özmete (Ed.), Afet sonrası birey, grup ve toplum temelli psikososyal destek içinde (s. 159-174). Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi.
  • Peek, L. (2008). Children and disasters: Understanding vulnerability, developing capacities, and promoting resilience -An introduction. Children Youth and Environments, 18(1), 1-29.
  • Peek, L., Abramson, D. M., Cox, R. S., Fothergill, A., & Tobin, J. (2018). Children and disasters. In H. Rodriguez, W. Donner & J. E. Trainor (Eds.), Handbook of disaster research (pp. 243-262). Springer.
  • Powell, S., Plouffe, L., & Gorr, P. (2009). When ageing and disasters collide: Lessons from 16 international case studies. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 134(3-4), 202-206.
  • Ray-Bennett, N.S. (2018). Disasters, deaths, and the Sendai goal one: Lessons from Odisha, India. World Development, 103, 27-39.
  • Robles, C.P.Q. (2020). Gender equality and women’s empowerment in disaster recovery. Washington: GFDRR.
  • Stough, L.M., & Kang, D. (2015). The Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction and persons with disabilities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 6, 140-149.
  • Şener, T. (2023). Kırılganlıktan yılmazlığa: Doğal afetlerde çocuk ve gençlerin görünmeyen gücü. E. Özmete (Ed.), Afet sonrası birey, grup ve toplum temelli psikososyal destek içinde (s. 65-77). Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi.
  • ten Have, H. (2018). Disasters, vulnerability and human rights. In D. P. O’Mathúna, V. Dranseika, & B. Gordijn (Eds.), Disasters: Core concepts and ethical theories (pp. 157-174). Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
  • Tomanbay, İ. (2000). Deprem, insan ve sosyal hizmetler. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 12(1), 123-137.
  • Thurston, A. M., Stöckl, H., & Ranganathan, M. (2021). Natural hazards, disasters and violence against women and girls: A global mixed-methods systematic review. BMJ global health, 6(4), 1-21.
  • Trentin, M., Rubini, E., Bahattab, A., Loddo, M., Della Corte, F., Ragazzoni, L., & Valente, M. (2023). Vulnerability of migrant women during disasters: a scoping review of the literature. International journal for equity in health, 22, 1-22.
  • Tuncay, T. (2004). Afetlerde sosyal hizmet: 1999 yılı Marmara ve Bolu-Düzce depremleri sonrasında gerçekleştirilen sosyal hizmet uygulamaları. Özbay Ofset Matbaacılık.
  • United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2022). World population prospects 2022: Summary of results. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division.
  • UN. (2016). Report of the open-ended intergovernmental expert working group on indicators and terminology relating to disaster risk reduction. United Nations (UN) (A/71/644). 10 Ekim 2023, https://www.undrr.org/publication/report-open-ended-intergovernmental-expert-working-group-indicators- and-terminology.
  • UNISDR (2015). The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, Geneva. Retrieved from http://www.preventionweb.net/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.pdf.
  • United Nations. (2009). 2009 UNISDR terminology on disaster risk reduction. Geneva: United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction.
  • Ünür, E. (2021). Afet yönetiminde toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği: Doğal afetlerde cinsiyete dayalı zarar görebilirlik farkı. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), 351-381.
  • Wickramasinghe, K. (2014). Role of social protection in disaster management in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences. 35/36, 1-8.
  • Winsemius, H. C., Jongman, B., Veldkamp, T. I. E., Hallegatte, S., Bangalore, M., & Ward, P. J. (2018). Disaster risk, climate change, and poverty: assessing the global exposure of poor people to floods and droughts. Environment and Development Economics, 23(3), 328-348.
  • Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., & Davis, I. (2004). At risk: Natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters. London: Routledge.
  • Yore, R., Fearnley, C., Fordham, M., & Kelman, I. (2023). Designing inclusive, accessible early warning systems: Good practices and entry points. Washington: GFDRR.
  • Zakour, M. J. (1997). Disaster research in social work. Journal of Social Service Research, 22(1-2), 7-25.
  • Zhu, X., & Sun, B. (2017). Study on earthquake risk reduction from the perspectives of the elderly. Safety science, 91, 326-334.

Afet ve Kırılgan Gruplar

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 13 - 30, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.53586/susbid.1474653

Öz

Dünyanın hemen her yerinde farklı türden afetler meydana gelmekte ve afetlerin yarattığı güçlüklerle karşı karşıya kalınmaktadır. Çoğu zaman beklenmedik bir anda gerçekleşen afetler, fiziksel, sosyal, ekonomik ve psikolojik açıdan ciddi sonuçlar doğurabilme potansiyeline sahiptir. Son yıllarda, afetlerin görülme sıklığı, şiddeti ve süresinin artmasına koşut olarak ortaya çıkardığı zarar ve kayıplar da artmaktadır. Afetler toplumun tüm kesimlerini derinden etkilemekle birlikte, çocuklar, yaşlılar, kadınlar, engelliler gibi kırılgan gruplar üzerinde çok daha ağır etkiler yaratmaktadır. Afetlerin kırılgan gruplar başta olmak üzere toplumun tümü açısından yıkıcı etkilerinin en aza indirilmesi hayati önem taşımaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı afetlerin kırılgan gruplar açısından ortaya çıkardığı güçlükleri sorgulamak ve söz konusu gruplar üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerinin azaltılmasına yönelik çözüm önerileri sunmaya çalışmaktır. Çalışmada literatür taraması yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, afet durumlarında toplumdaki bireylerin farklı kırılganlık düzeyine ve başa çıkabilme kapasitesine sahip olabildiğinin dikkate alınması ve kırılgan gruplara özgü afet yönetim stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi ve uygulanmasının, hem bu grupların afetlerden görebileceği zararın en aza indirilmesi, hem de toplumun afetlere dirençli kılınması için elzem olduğu açıkça görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, afet sırası ve sonrasında sosyal politikanın en önemli araçları olarak öne çıkan sosyal yardım ve sosyal hizmetlerin kırılgan grupların gereksinimlerini karşılayacak ve yaşamlarını idame ettirebilmelerini sağlayacak kapsamda olmasının güvence altına alınması önem taşımaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kurul izni gerekmemektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Balaban, O., Özgür, B., & Sakar, B. (2021). İklim değişikliği, göç ve yerel yönetimler. RESLOG.
  • Bhuiya, M.M.R., Shao, W., & Jones, S. (2023). Measuring accessibility of movement challenged persons during earthquake evacuation of Dhaka City, Bangladesh: A participatory GIS-Based approach. Applied geography, 156, 1-16.
  • Bizzarri, M. (2012). Protection of vulnerable groups in natural and man-made disasters. In A. de Guttry, M. Gestri & G. Venturini (Eds.), International disaster response law (pp. 381-414). Netherlands: TMC Asser Press.
  • Bozkurt, V. (2023). Depremin toplumsal boyutu. Avrasya Dosyası Dergisi, 14(1), 89-111.
  • Carter, W. N. (2008). Disaster management: A disaster manager’s handbook. Philippines: Asian Development Bank.
  • Çakır, Ö. ve Aydoğmuş Atalay, G. (2020). Afetlerde özel gereksinimli grup olarak yaşlılar. Resilience Journal, 4(1), 169-186.
  • Dolatabadi, Z. A., Seyedin, H., & Aryankhesal, A. (2016). Policies on protecting vulnerable people during disasters in Iran: A document analysis. Trauma mon., 21(3), 1-6.
  • Donner, W., & Rodriguez, H. (2008). Population composition, migration and inequality: The influence of demographic changes on disaster risk and vulnerability. Social Forces, 87(2), 1089-1114.
  • DPT. (2001). Sekizinci beş yıllık kalkınma planı sosyal hizmetler ve yardımlar özel ihtisas komisyonu raporu. DPT (2593-ÖİK: 605).
  • Fothergill, A., & Peek, L.A. (2004). Poverty and disasters in the United States: A review of recent sociological findings. Natural hazards, 32, 89-110.
  • Fountain, L., Tofa, M., Haynes, K., Taylor, M.R., & Ferguson, S. J. (2019). Older adults in disaster and emergency management: What are the priority research areas in Australia?. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 39, 1-11.
  • Gentilini, U. (2005). Mainstreaming Safety Nets in the Social Protection Policy Agenda: A New Vision or the Same Old Perspective?. Electronic Journal of Agricultural and Development Economics, 2(2), 133-157.
  • Gibson, M. J., & Hayunga, M. (2006). We can do better: Lessons learned for protecting older persons in disasters. Washington: AARP Public Policy Institute.
  • Hemingway, L., & Priestley, M. (2006). Natural hazards, human vulnerability and disabling societies: A disaster for disabled people?. Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal, 2(3), 57-67.
  • Hisamatsu, M. (2013). Panel discussion on disaster resilience and disability: Ensuring equality and inclusion. New York: UNDESA.
  • Hoffman, S. (2008). Preparing for disaster: Protecting the most vulnerable in emergencies. UC Davis Law Review, 42, 1491-1547.
  • Kuran, C. H. A., Morsut, C., Kruke, B. I., Krüger, M., Segnestam, L., Orru, K., ... & Torpan, S. (2020). Vulnerability and vulnerable groups from an intersectionality perspective. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 50, 1- 8.
  • Lovell, E., & le Masson, V. (2014). Equity and Inclusion in Disaster Risk Reduction: Building Resilience for all. Climate and Development Knowledge Network and Overseas Development Institute.
  • Makoka, D. ve Kaplan, M. (2005). Poverty and vulnerability - An interdisciplinary approach. Centre for Development Research, University of Bonn. 26 Haziran 2024, https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6964/.
  • Marshall, J., Wiltshire, J., Delva, J., Bello, T., & Masys, A. J. (2020). Natural and manmade disasters: Vulnerable populations. In A. J. Masys., R. Izurieta., M. R. Ortiz (Eds.), Global health security: Recognizing vulnerabilities, creating opportunities (pp. 143-161). Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
  • Masozera, M., Bailey, M., & Kerchner, C. (2007). Distribution of impacts of natural disasters across income groups: A case study of New Orleans. Ecological economics, 63, 299-306.
  • Mendis, K., Thayaparan, M., Kaluarachchi, Y., & Pathirage, C. (2023). Challenges faced by marginalized communities in a post-disaster context: A systematic review of the literature. Sustainability, 15(14), 1-22.
  • Misomali, R., & McEntire, D. (2008). Rising disasters and their reversal: An identification of vulnerability and ways to reduce it. In J. Pinkowski (Eds.), Disaster management handbook (pp. 19-35). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  • Okay, N. ve İlkkaracan, İ. (2018). Toplumsal cinsiyete duyarlı afet risk yönetimi. Resilience Journal, 2(1), 1-12.
  • Okay, N. ve İnal, E. (2019). Kırılganlıktan Kapasite Geliştirmeye. Resilience Journal, 3(1), 85-99.
  • Özmete, E. ve Yılmaz, A. (2023). “6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş merkezli depremler”: Yaşlı dostu afet yönetimi. E. Özmete (Ed.), Afet sonrası birey, grup ve toplum temelli psikososyal destek içinde (s. 159-174). Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi.
  • Peek, L. (2008). Children and disasters: Understanding vulnerability, developing capacities, and promoting resilience -An introduction. Children Youth and Environments, 18(1), 1-29.
  • Peek, L., Abramson, D. M., Cox, R. S., Fothergill, A., & Tobin, J. (2018). Children and disasters. In H. Rodriguez, W. Donner & J. E. Trainor (Eds.), Handbook of disaster research (pp. 243-262). Springer.
  • Powell, S., Plouffe, L., & Gorr, P. (2009). When ageing and disasters collide: Lessons from 16 international case studies. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 134(3-4), 202-206.
  • Ray-Bennett, N.S. (2018). Disasters, deaths, and the Sendai goal one: Lessons from Odisha, India. World Development, 103, 27-39.
  • Robles, C.P.Q. (2020). Gender equality and women’s empowerment in disaster recovery. Washington: GFDRR.
  • Stough, L.M., & Kang, D. (2015). The Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction and persons with disabilities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 6, 140-149.
  • Şener, T. (2023). Kırılganlıktan yılmazlığa: Doğal afetlerde çocuk ve gençlerin görünmeyen gücü. E. Özmete (Ed.), Afet sonrası birey, grup ve toplum temelli psikososyal destek içinde (s. 65-77). Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi.
  • ten Have, H. (2018). Disasters, vulnerability and human rights. In D. P. O’Mathúna, V. Dranseika, & B. Gordijn (Eds.), Disasters: Core concepts and ethical theories (pp. 157-174). Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
  • Tomanbay, İ. (2000). Deprem, insan ve sosyal hizmetler. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 12(1), 123-137.
  • Thurston, A. M., Stöckl, H., & Ranganathan, M. (2021). Natural hazards, disasters and violence against women and girls: A global mixed-methods systematic review. BMJ global health, 6(4), 1-21.
  • Trentin, M., Rubini, E., Bahattab, A., Loddo, M., Della Corte, F., Ragazzoni, L., & Valente, M. (2023). Vulnerability of migrant women during disasters: a scoping review of the literature. International journal for equity in health, 22, 1-22.
  • Tuncay, T. (2004). Afetlerde sosyal hizmet: 1999 yılı Marmara ve Bolu-Düzce depremleri sonrasında gerçekleştirilen sosyal hizmet uygulamaları. Özbay Ofset Matbaacılık.
  • United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2022). World population prospects 2022: Summary of results. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division.
  • UN. (2016). Report of the open-ended intergovernmental expert working group on indicators and terminology relating to disaster risk reduction. United Nations (UN) (A/71/644). 10 Ekim 2023, https://www.undrr.org/publication/report-open-ended-intergovernmental-expert-working-group-indicators- and-terminology.
  • UNISDR (2015). The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, Geneva. Retrieved from http://www.preventionweb.net/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.pdf.
  • United Nations. (2009). 2009 UNISDR terminology on disaster risk reduction. Geneva: United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction.
  • Ünür, E. (2021). Afet yönetiminde toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği: Doğal afetlerde cinsiyete dayalı zarar görebilirlik farkı. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), 351-381.
  • Wickramasinghe, K. (2014). Role of social protection in disaster management in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences. 35/36, 1-8.
  • Winsemius, H. C., Jongman, B., Veldkamp, T. I. E., Hallegatte, S., Bangalore, M., & Ward, P. J. (2018). Disaster risk, climate change, and poverty: assessing the global exposure of poor people to floods and droughts. Environment and Development Economics, 23(3), 328-348.
  • Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., & Davis, I. (2004). At risk: Natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters. London: Routledge.
  • Yore, R., Fearnley, C., Fordham, M., & Kelman, I. (2023). Designing inclusive, accessible early warning systems: Good practices and entry points. Washington: GFDRR.
  • Zakour, M. J. (1997). Disaster research in social work. Journal of Social Service Research, 22(1-2), 7-25.
  • Zhu, X., & Sun, B. (2017). Study on earthquake risk reduction from the perspectives of the elderly. Safety science, 91, 326-334.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çalışma Ekonomisi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yasemin Arı Kovancı 0000-0002-2730-6216

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Nisan 2024
Kabul Tarihi 27 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Arı Kovancı, Y. (2024). Afet ve Kırılgan Gruplar. Siirt Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(1), 13-30. https://doi.org/10.53586/susbid.1474653

Siirt Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.