AB’nin COVID-19 aşılarının ortak tedariki örneği: Hukuki çerçeve ve ekonomik değerlendirmeler

Öz

Amaç - AB’nin COVID-19 aşılarının ortak tedarik sürecini kısaca gözden geçirerek hukuki mimariyi (Acil Destek Aracı, Ortak Tedarik Anlaşması ve sonraki reformlar) ve ileri satın alma sözleşmelerinin (APA) iktisadını netleştirmek. Yöntem - AB hukuk metinleri ile kurumsal değerlendirmelerin (Avrupa Sayıştayı, Ombudsman, Genel Mahkeme) hukuk-iktisat sentezi; yetkilendirme zamanlaması ve portföy bileşimine ilişkin betimleyici kanıtlarla desteklenmiştir. Bulgular – Katmanlı acil durum çerçevesi hızlı ve merkezî sözleşme yapmayı, adil tahsisi mümkün kılmıştır. APAlar risk paylaşımı ve kapasite ayırma işlevi görmüş; platformlar arası çeşitlendirme 2020–2021’de yetkilendirmeleri hızlandırırken fazla taahhütler ve hesap verebilirlik gerilimleri doğurmuştur. Ex post performans ölçümü sınırlı, sözleşme ve yazışmaların şeffaflığı tartışmalıdır. Sonuç – Ortak yaklaşım acil arz hedeflerine ulaşmış; ancak tasarım ve yönetişimde değiş-tokuşları açığa çıkarmıştır. Gelecekte tedarik; hacim esnekliği ve kâr paylaşımı düzenekleri, daha net kalıcı hukuki dayanaklar, önceden tanımlı ifşa protokolleri ve ex ante değerlendirme göstergeleriyle hız-hesap verebilirlik dengesini güçlendirmelidir. Amaç, Yöntem, Bulgular ve Sonuç kısımlarının tamamı 150 kelimeyi geçmemelidir. Amaç, Yöntem, Bulgular ve Sonuç kısımlarının tamamı 150 kelimeyi geçmemelidir. Amaç, Yöntem, Bulgular ve Sonuç kısımlarının tamamı 150 kelimeyi geçmemelidir. Amaç, Yöntem, Bulgular ve Sonuç kısımlarının tamamı 150 kelimeyi geçmemelidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; ortak tedarik; ileri satın alma sözleşmeleri; AB sağlık hukuku; şeffaflık JEL Kodları: I18; H57; K23; O38.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• ortak tedarik
• ileri satın alma sözleşmeleri
• AB sağlık hukuku
• şeffaflık

The case of EU COVID-19 vaccine joint procurement: Legal framework and economic considerations

Öz

Purpose – Briefly review the EU’s joint procurement of COVID-19 vaccines, clarifying the legal architecture (Emergency Support Instrument, Joint Procurement Agreement, subsequent reforms) and the economics of advance purchase agreements (APAs). Methodology – Law-and-economics synthesis of EU legal instruments and institutional evaluations (European Court of Auditors, Ombudsman, General Court), complemented by descriptive evidence on authorisations and portfolio composition. Findings – A layered emergency framework enabled rapid, centralised contracting and equitable allocation. APAs functioned as risk-sharing and capacity-reservation contracts: diversification across platforms accelerated authorisations in 2020–2021 but produced surplus commitments and accountability frictions; ex-post performance assessment was limited; transparency over contracts and communications was contested. Conclusions – The joint approach met urgent supply goals yet exposed design and governance trade-offs. Future procurement should add volume flexibility and profit-sharing mechanisms, clearer standing legal bases, predefined disclosure protocols, and ex-ante evaluation metrics to align speed with accountability. Keywords: COVID-19; joint procurement; advance purchase agreements; EU health law; transparency JEL Codes: I18; H57; K23; O38.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• joint procurement
• advance purchase agreements
• EU health law
• transparency

Kaynakça

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