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CONSUMER ETHNOCENTRISM: A COMPARATIVE FIELD RESEARCH IN WHITE GOODS AND BEVERAGE SECTORS
Öz
Rapidly spreading globalization and by developing international marketing a product
produced anywhere in the world can be easily delivered to any other part of the world and
entry and exit of these products to countries can be easily provided. However some
companies may face some problems during these transactions. One of the obstacles firms faced is the ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism comes from “ethnos” which means “nation,
race” and “centre” from greek language. Ethnocentrism first used in sociology by William
Graham Sumner in 1906. Ethnocentrism implies general tendency for the people who
account their group as a centre of universe and evaluate other social groups from their
points of view and blindly accept groups with similar to themselves and refuse others. In
this understandings, ethnic or national symbols and values of person can be source of
pride and loyalty, the others’ can be underestimated. From this point of view person has a
tendency to magnify his/her own culture and to humiliate others’. Custumer
Ethnocentrism is first included in the literature from the research done by Shimp (1984)
and Shimp and Sharma (1987) derived by William Graham Summer’s ethnocentrism
concept. Ethnocentrism concept is taken into consideration from the point of view of
customer in these studies. Customer ethnocentrism states customers’ evaluations about
how suitable and ethical to buy foreign goods. The first emprical study about customer
etnocentrism done by Shimp and Sharma in 1987. In the study CETSCALE measure
developed and tested. Customer ethnocentrism is analysed from the point of USA
customers’ beliefs about using foreign goods in this study. Reserarch findings released
that ethnocentric customers are against to buy foreign goods as interfering economy,
causing unemployment and not being patriotic. The main purpose of the study is to
determine customers’ ethnocentrism level of customers in Erzurum and to find out
wheather statistical discrepancy in durable goods and bevarage sectors. It is also aimed at
to determine that is there significant discrepancy in customers’ ethnocentrism level in
terms of demographic characteristics of customers in durable goods and bevarage sectors.
Scope of the study consists of customers living in Erzurum and buying durable goods and
bevarage and over 18 years old. The reason for selecting durable goods and bevarage is to
find enough number of national and international firms and these products easily provided
by customers. The limit of the study to conduct this study only in Erzurum because
shortage of time and money. Elemantary sampling method is used in the research. 400
people included in this research which 200 people from durable goods sector and 200
people from bevarage sector and questionnaires are carried out to this group that sectoral
differencies are taken into consideration and all questionnaires are included to the
research. Two groups of questions are taken place in questionnaires. The first group
questions are prepared for determining customers’ ethnocentrism tendency. Second gorup
of questions asked for determining demographic characteristics of customers. Customer
ethnocentrism variables prepared by using scale developed by Shimp and Sharma (1987).
The scale adapted to Turkey changing “American Poeple” and “American goods” by
“Turkish People” and Turkish Goods” in the scale. All the same, according to the
respondents’ sectoral differencies “durable goods” and “bevarages” put in the scale to
harmonize research purpose. In order to determine respondents tendency, likert scale with
five are used. Data are processed and analysed using SPSS 13.0. Arithmetic means,
frequencies, one way and two way variance analysis and post hoc analysis were used in
the analysis. Customer ethnocentrism level measured by comparing the total of responds
average given to each guestion with the highest score. The highest score to be given to
Each question of the scale with 17 is 5 (completely agree). According to the scale the
maximum score to be taken by any individual 17*5=85. As the number of the respondents
participated in the research is high, total average of respondents’ score given to each
question to be compared with the highest score 85. All the same, in order to find out the
median of the the minimum score 17 (1*17) and maximum score 85 (5*17), median is assumed as 3 (3=ambivalent) which is the mean of the responds of all questions.
Accordingly, 51 (3*17) represents the mean point between maximum ethnocentrism level
and minimum ethnocentrism level. In order to measure to reliability of questions in the
questionnaire Cronbach Alpha test are used. Cronbach Alpha test result 0.881applied
CETSCALE with 17 item deveolped by Shimp and Sharma showed that research is
reliable. The ethnocentrism level of customer in durable goods sector is 60,13 (3,54) and
in bevararage secor is 70,06 (4.12). These values shows that customers in durable goods
and bevarage sectors have ethnocentrism level over avarage. Variance anlysis is done to
determine whather is there significantly difference between customers in durable goods
and bevarage sectors. According to the variance analysis there is a significanly difference
between customers. It can be said that Customers in bevarage sector are more ethnocentric
than durable goods’s customers. From the point of demographic variables, two way
variance anlysis is done to determine whather is there significantly difference between
customers in durable goods and bevarage sectors. According to the two way variance
analysis there is a significanly difference in ethnocentrism level between customers. Post
hoc test are used for determining the direction of the differences in terms of each
demographic characteristic of sub variables in customers in durable goods sector and
bevarage sector. Post hoc test showed in terms of sex, the ethnocentrism level of men and
women in durable goods sector are statistically lower (insignificant) than men and women
in bevarage sector. All education level except primay school graduates etnocentrism level
of customer is statistically lower than bevarage sector. From the point of education, As to
income level, ethnocentrism level of customers in durable goods sector except customers
have income over 2001TL, is statistically lower than bevarage sector. From the point of
age, etnocentrism level of customers in durable goods sector except customers in between
36-44 age group, is statistically lower (insignificant) than bevarage sector
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
Türkçe
Konular
-
Bölüm
-
Yayımlanma Tarihi
1 Haziran 2013
Gönderilme Tarihi
1 Haziran 2013
Kabul Tarihi
-
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2013 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 25
APA
Yapraklı, T. Ş., & Keser, E. (2013). TÜKETİCİ ETNOSENTRİZMİ: BEYAZ EŞYA VE İÇECEK SEKTÖRLERİNDE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR SAHA ARAŞTIRMASI. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 13(25), 385-420. https://izlik.org/JA94NS98PL
AMA
1.Yapraklı TŞ, Keser E. TÜKETİCİ ETNOSENTRİZMİ: BEYAZ EŞYA VE İÇECEK SEKTÖRLERİNDE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR SAHA ARAŞTIRMASI. SUSEAD. 2013;13(25):385-420. https://izlik.org/JA94NS98PL
Chicago
Yapraklı, T. Şükrü, ve Ercan Keser. 2013. “TÜKETİCİ ETNOSENTRİZMİ: BEYAZ EŞYA VE İÇECEK SEKTÖRLERİNDE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR SAHA ARAŞTIRMASI”. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 13 (25): 385-420. https://izlik.org/JA94NS98PL.
EndNote
Yapraklı TŞ, Keser E (01 Haziran 2013) TÜKETİCİ ETNOSENTRİZMİ: BEYAZ EŞYA VE İÇECEK SEKTÖRLERİNDE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR SAHA ARAŞTIRMASI. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 13 25 385–420.
IEEE
[1]T. Ş. Yapraklı ve E. Keser, “TÜKETİCİ ETNOSENTRİZMİ: BEYAZ EŞYA VE İÇECEK SEKTÖRLERİNDE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR SAHA ARAŞTIRMASI”, SUSEAD, c. 13, sy 25, ss. 385–420, Haz. 2013, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA94NS98PL
ISNAD
Yapraklı, T. Şükrü - Keser, Ercan. “TÜKETİCİ ETNOSENTRİZMİ: BEYAZ EŞYA VE İÇECEK SEKTÖRLERİNDE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR SAHA ARAŞTIRMASI”. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 13/25 (01 Haziran 2013): 385-420. https://izlik.org/JA94NS98PL.
JAMA
1.Yapraklı TŞ, Keser E. TÜKETİCİ ETNOSENTRİZMİ: BEYAZ EŞYA VE İÇECEK SEKTÖRLERİNDE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR SAHA ARAŞTIRMASI. SUSEAD. 2013;13:385–420.
MLA
Yapraklı, T. Şükrü, ve Ercan Keser. “TÜKETİCİ ETNOSENTRİZMİ: BEYAZ EŞYA VE İÇECEK SEKTÖRLERİNDE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR SAHA ARAŞTIRMASI”. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 13, sy 25, Haziran 2013, ss. 385-20, https://izlik.org/JA94NS98PL.
Vancouver
1.T. Şükrü Yapraklı, Ercan Keser. TÜKETİCİ ETNOSENTRİZMİ: BEYAZ EŞYA VE İÇECEK SEKTÖRLERİNDE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR SAHA ARAŞTIRMASI. SUSEAD [Internet]. 01 Haziran 2013;13(25):385-420. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA94NS98PL