MODERN ULUSLARARASI TAHKİMİN GELİŞİMİNDE JAY ANDLAŞMASI’NIN YERİ
Öz
Uluslararas tahkim, devletleraras uyumazlklarn hukuk yoluyla kesin ve nihai bir ekilde çözülmesini amaçlayan barçl uyumazlk çözüm yöntemlerinden biridir. Bu yönleriyle, müzakere, arabuluculuk veya uzlatrma gibi dier uyumazlk çözüm yöntemlerinden farkllar. Tahkim müessesesinin özel hukukta kullanm tarihe yaylr. Kamu hukuku alannda günümüz uluslararas tahkiminin kökenine ise Antik Yunan ve Antik Roma’da rastlanabilir. Orta Ça boyunca farkl biçimlerde uygulanan tahkim yönteminin modern devletlerin ortaya çkmasndan sonra etkinliini kaybettii görülür zira uluslararas tahkim barçl bir yöntem olarak savan karsndadr ve Modern Ça, uyumazlklarn çözümünde sava birincil yöntem olarak gören mutlakiyetçi egemen devletlerin sahne alandr. Avrupa dönüüm sanclar yaad bu dönemde uluslararas tahkim için yeni ktadan bir giriim modern uluslararas yargnn seyrini deitirmitir. ABD Dileri Bakan John Jay’in adyla bilinen 1794 tarihli andlamayla Birleik Devletler ve Büyük Britanya aralarndaki uyumazlklar çözmek üzere üç farkl komisyonun kurulmasn kararlatrmlardr. Bu komisyonlarn ksmi baars uluslararas tahkim yöntemine olan ilgiyi arttrm ve önce Kuzey ve Güney Amerika’dan balamak üzere modern dünya, sorunlarn çözmek üzere tahkime daha sk bavurmaya balamtr. 1872 Alabama Tahkimi ile bu ilgi zirveye ulam ve bu dönemin uluslararas hukukçularnn çalmalar nda, 1899-1907 Lahey Konferanslarnda uluslararas tahkim usulüne ilikin kurallar ve tahkim sürecinin kolaylatrlmas adna bir Daimi Tahkim Mahkemesi kurulmas üzerinde katlan devletler arasnda uzlama salanmtr. Jay Andlamas’yla balayan süreç, zaman içinde Uluslararas Daimi Adalet Divan ve onun devamnda kurulacak dier yerleik mahkemelerin kurulmasna kadar gidecek bir ekilde uluslararas yargnn gelimesine hizmet etmitir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
The Place of the Jay Treaty in the Development of Modern International Arbitration
Öz
International arbitration is one of the peaceful dispute resolution methods that aims to resolve interstate disputes through law in a final and definitive way. In these aspects, arbitration differs from other dispute resolution methods such as negotiation, mediation or conciliation. The use of arbitration in private law goes back to history. The origins of today’s international arbitration in the field of public law can be found in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. It is seen that the arbitration method, which was applied in different forms during the Middle Ages, lost its effectiveness after the emergence of modern states, because, as a peaceful method, international arbitration is against war, and the Modern Age is the stage of absolutist sovereign states that see war as the primary method in the resolution of disputes. In this period when Europe was in the throes of transformation, an attempt from a new continent for international arbitration changed the course of modern international judiciary. With the treaty of 1794, known by the name of US Secretary of State John Jay, the United States and Great Britain decided to establish three different commissions to settle disputes between them. The partial success of these commissions has increased the interest in the international arbitration method and the modern world, starting with North and South America, has started to resort to arbitration more frequently to solve its problems. This interest reached its peak with the 1872 Alabama Arbitration, and in the light of the work of international lawyers of this period, a consensus was reached between the participating states in the 1899-1907 Hague Conferences on the rules of international arbitration procedure and the establishment of a Permanent Court of Arbitration in order to facilitate the arbitration process. The process, which started with the Jay Treaty, served the development of the international judiciary, going up to the establishment of the Permanent Court of International Justice and other permanent courts to be established after it.
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