AVRUPA PARLAMENTOSU SEÇİMLERİNDE REFORM İHTİYACI

Öz

Bir tanesi henüz yürürlüğe giremese de 1976 tarihli Avrupa Seçim Yasası bugüne kadar iki kez değişikliğe uğramış ve Avrupa Parlamentosu, Mayıs 2022’de Avrupa Seçim Yasasını yürürlükten kaldırmak için yeni bir Konsey tüzüğü önerisi kabul etmiştir. Temel çıkış noktası seçimlerin “Avrupalılaşma”sı olan bu öneri ile Avrupa Parlamentosu seçimlerinin ulusötesi aday listesi, Spitzenkandidaten prosedürü, tüm üye devletlerde yeknesak bir seçim sistemi gibi radikal değişikliklerle yapılması hedeflenmektedir. 2010 yılından itibaren Birliğin içinde bulunduğu kriz döneminin Birlik vatandaşlarının talep ve görüşlerinin gözardı edilmesinden kaynaklandığı düşünüldüğünde Avrupa seçim yasasında yapılması önerilen bu değişikliklerle siyasi partilerin doğrudan Avrupa meselelerine odaklanması ve böylece seçmenlerin de Birlik için en beğendikleri seçim programına oy verme imkanları söz konusu olabilecektir. Her ne kadar Avrupa Birliğinin İşleyişi Hakkındaki Antlaşma m. 223’de öngörülen prosedür nedeniyle yürürlüğe girip girmeyeceği belli olmasa da Avrupa Parlamentosu tarafından kabul edilen önerinin Birliğin geleceğinin belirlenmesinde önemli bir kilometre taşı olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avrupa parlamentosu
• avrupa seçim yasası
• ulusötesi seçim listesi
• spitzenkandidaten
• avrupa seçimleri

The Need to Modernize European Parliament Elections

Öz

Kaynakça

1. Bilgin AA, ‘Krizler ve Demokratik Meşruiyet Sorunsalı Işığında Avrupa Birliği’nin Geleceği’ (2020) 75(3) Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 1033-1054.
2. Bilgin AA and Akçay B, ‘Brexit: Nedenleri ve Avrupa Ekonomisine Olası Etkileri’ in Akçay Belgin ve Ege Aylin (eds.) Avrupa Birliği Üzerine Yazılar (1st edn, Seçkin Yayınevi 2017) 234-236.
3. Corbett R, Jacobs F and Shackleton M (eds). The European Parliament (7th edn, John Harper Publishing 2007).
4. Costa O, ‘The Reform of the Electoral Law of the European Union’ (2016) European Parliamet History Series, European Parliamentary Research Service 41-62 accessed 1 Eylül 2022.
5. Dann P, ‘The Political Institutions’ in Von Bogdandy A and Bast J (eds) Principles of European Constitutional Law (2nd edn, Hart Publishing 2010).
6. De la Baume M, ‘What is the Conference on the future of Europe?’ (2021) Politico accessed 6 Eylül 2022.
7. de Wilde P, ‘The fall of the Spitzenkandidaten. Political parties and conflict in the 2019 European elections’ in Kritzinger S, Plescia C, Raube K, Wilhelm J. and Wouters J (eds.) Assessing the 2019 European Parliament Election (1st edn, Routledge 2020) 37-54
8. Diaz Crego M, ‘Transnational Electoral Lists: Ways to Europeanise Elections to the European Parliament’ (2021) European Parliamentary Research Service 1-50.

9. Duff A, Constitutional Change in the European Union (1st edn, Palgrave Macmillan 2022).
10. Duff A, ‘Report on a Proposal for a Modification of the Act Concerning the Election of the Members of the European Parliament by Direct Universal Suffrage of 20 September 1976’ (European Parliament, 2011) accessed 10 Eylül 2022.
11. Duff A, ‘Second Report on a Proposal for a Modification of the Act Concerning the Election of the Members of the European Parliament by Direct Universal Suffrage of 20 September 1976’ (European Parliament, 2012) accessed 10 Eylül 2022.
12. Duff A, ‘Report on improving the practical arrangements for the holding of the European elections in 2014’ (European Parliament, 2013) < https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-7-2013-0219_EN.html > accessed 10 Eylül 2022.
13. Earnshaw D and Judge D, The European Parliament (2nd edn, Palgrave 2008).
14. Eurobarometer, ‘EP Spring 2022 Survey: Rallying around the European flag - Democracy as anchor point in times of crisis’ < https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2792> accessed 9 Eylül 2022.
15. Eurobarometer, ‘Standard Eurobarometer 97-Summer 2022’ accessed 9 Eylül 2022.
16. Eurobarometer, ‘Key Challenges of Our Times- the EU in 2022’ accessed 9 Eylül 2022.
17. Euronews, ‘AB’de Ulusötesi seçim sistemi kabul edildi, seçmen yaşı her yerde 16 oldu’ accessed 6 Eylül 2022.
18. European Parliament, Conference on the Future of Europe, Report on the Final Outcome (May, 2022) accessed 5 Eylül 2022.
19. European Parliament, Modification of the Act concerning the elections of the members of the European Parliament accessed 31 Ağustos 2022.
20. European Parliament, Redistribution of seats in the European Parliament after Brexit accesssed 9 Eylül 2022.
21. European Parliament Legislative Resolution of 3 May 2022 on the proposal for a Council Regulation on the election of the members of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage, repealing Council Decision (76/787/ECSC, EEC, Euratom) and the Act concerning the election of the members of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage annexed to that Decision (2020/2220 INL) https://www.europa accessed 6 Eylül 2022.
22. European Parliament Legislative Observatory. accessed 6 Eylül 2022.
23. Follesdal A and Hix S, ‘Why There is A Democratic Deficit in the EU?: A Response to Majone and Moravscik’ (2006) 43(3) Journal of Common Market Studies 533-562.
24. García NP and Priestley J, The Making of a European President (1st. edn, Palgrave 2015).
25. Goodwin M and Milazzo C, ‘Taking Back Control? Investigating the role of immigration in the 2016 vote for Brexit’ (2017) 19(3) The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 450-464.
26. Gough J, ‘Brexit, Xenopobia and Left Strategy Now’ (2017) 41 (2) Capital and Class 366-372.
27. Grošek K, ‘Reform of the Electoral Law of the EU’ (European Parliament Legislative Train, 2022) accessed 2 Eylül 2022.
28. Habermas J, ‘Why Europe Needs a Constitution’ (2001) 11 New Left Review accessed 25 Temmuz 2022.
29. Hübner D ve Leinen J, ‘Draft report on a proposal for amendment of the Act of 20 September 1976 concerning the election of the Members of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage 2015/2035’ accessed 10 Eylül 2022.
30. Kotanidis S, ‘European Union Electoral Law Current situation and historical background’ (European Parliamentary Research Service, 2019) 1-12. accessed 31 Ağustos 2022.
31. Motion for a European Parliament Legislative Resolution on the reform of the Electoral Law of the European Union (2020/2220(INL)) Erişim Tarihi 6 Eylül 2022.
32. Müller M, ‘Two years to go: What to expect from the 2024 European Parliament elections’ (Hertie School Jacques Delors Centre, 2022) accessed 2 Eylül 2022.
33. Nguyen T, ‘The Holy Trinity of EUElections: The Transnational Lists, Spitzenkandidaten Procedure and a Stronger European Parliament’ (Hertie School Jacques Delors Centre, 2021) accessed 2 Eylül 2022.
34. Nogaj M ve Poptcheva EM, ‘The Reform of the Electoral Law of the European Union’ (European Parliamentary Research Service, 2015) 1-30 accessed 1 Eylül 2022.
35. Reiding H ve Meijer F, ‘This time it’s different’ – the European lead candidate procedure of 2014 and its historical background’ (2019) 29(1) Parliaments, Estates And Representation 64-79.
36. Richard JE, ‘Transnational Lists: The EU Council Must Deliever on the Will Of EU Citizens’ accessed 9 Eylül 2022.
37. Smismans S, ‘Institutional Balance as Interest Representation. Some Reflections on Lenaerts and Verhoeven’ in Joerges C and Dehousse R (eds) Good governance in Europe’s integrated market (OUP 2002) 89-108.
38. Tilindyte L, ‘Election of the President of the European Commission. Understanding the Spitzenkandidaten process’ (European Parliamentary Research Service, 2019) 1-8 accessed 10 Eylül 2022.
39. Van Hecke S and Wolfs W, ‘Transnational Lists- A BAd Good Idea’ (Euractiv, 2018) accessed 9 Eylül 2022.
40. von der Leyen U, ‘A Union that strives for more. My agenda for Europe’ (2019), Political Guidelines for the next European Commission 2019-2024 1-22.
41. Weiler J, ‘Does Europe Need a Constitution’ (1995) 1(3) European Law Journal 219-258.
42. Weiler J, ‘The Reformation of European Constitutionalism’ (1997) 35(1) Journal of Common Market Studies 97-131.
43. White Paper on the Future of Europe (European Commission, 2017) accessed 12 Eylül 2022.
44. 2002/772/EC sayılı Konsey Kararı accessed 31 Ağustos 2022.