BİYOMETRİK VE GENETİK VERİLERİN KORUNMASI KONUSUNDA AVRUPA KONSEYİ’NİN GENEL YAKLAŞIMI

Öz

Kişisel verilerin korunması konusunda Avrupa Konseyi tarafından hazırlanan en önemli belge “Kişisel Verilerin Otomatik İşleme Tabi Tutulma Sürecinde Bireylerin Korunmasına İlişkin 108 sayılı Sözleşme”dir. Sözleşme 1981 yılında kabul edilmiş ve 1985 yılında yürürlüğe girmiştir. Avrupa Konseyi tarafından 1950 yılında kabul edilmiş olan Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi de doğrudan kişisel verilerle ilgili açık bir düzenleme içermemekle beraber, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi konuyla ilgili olarak vermiş olduğu kararlarda Sözleşmenin 8. maddesinde düzenlenmiş olan özel yaşam hakkının kişisel veriler açısından da koruma sağladığını belirtmiş ve bu konuda yapılan başvuruları kabul ederek karara bağlamıştır. Biyometrik ve genetik veriler kişisel veriler içinde yer alan ve daha güçlü bir korumayı gerektiren hassas verilerdir. Özellikle son yıllarda gerçekleşen teknolojik gelişmeler bu verilerin korunmasına duyulan ihtiyacı daha da artırmaktadır. Bu durumu dikkate alan Avrupa Konseyi bu alanda önemli düzenlemeler yapmıştır. Bu çalışmada, biyometrik ve genetik verilerin korunması alanında Avrupa Konseyi tarafından kabul edilen belgeler incelenmiş ve Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesinin bu alanda vermiş olduğu kararlar değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kişisel veri
• hassas veri
• biyometrik veri
• genetik veri
• Avrupa Konseyi
• Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi

General Approach of the Council of Europe on the Protection of Biometric and Genetic Data

Öz

The most important European Council document in the field of personal data is “The Convention for the Protection of Individual with Regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data”. The Convention adopted by the Council of Europe in 1981 and came into force in 1985. The European Convention on Human Rights that adopted by the Council of Europe in 1950 also provides protection for personal data. Despite the fact that there is no clear provision about personal data, The European Human Rights Court has examined complaints with regard to alleged violations of personal data. The Court notes that the rights of private life which protected in article 8 of the Convention extends to aspects relating to personal data. Biometric and genetic data are sensetive data those take part within personal data and need to be protected more strongly. Specially because of technological progress taking place during recent years, the need of protection of these data has increased. The Council of Europe has taken this reality into consideration and made important regulations in this field. In this study, the documents which adopted by the Council of Europe about the protection of biometric and genetic data and the views of The European Human Rights Court in this field have been reviewed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Personal Data
• sensetive data
• biometric data
• genetic data
• The Council of Europe
• The European Human Rights Court

Kaynakça

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